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1.
本研究旨在探究不同饲料料型及投喂频率对斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)生长及肌肉品质的影响。研究采用双因素试验设计,以饲料料型(膨化饲料,EF;颗粒饲料,PF)和投喂频率(2次/日,F2;3次/日,F3)为影响因素,共4个组,分别命名为EFF2、PFF2、EFF3和PFF3,每组3个平行,投喂8周,每天定时投喂两次(7:30和16:30)或3次(7:30, 12:00, 16:30)。结果显示,斑点叉尾鮰的末重和增重率受到投喂频率的影响,F2组显著高于F3组(P0.05);而饲料料型则对斑点叉尾鮰的生长无显著影响(P0.05)。颗粒饲料组的肌肉粗脂肪含量和内聚性、回复性显著低于膨化饲料组(P0.05),而硬度显著高于膨化饲料组(P0.05)。F3组的肌肉硬度、胶着性和咀嚼性则显著高于F2组(P0.05)。颗粒饲料组生肌调节因子5 (myogenic factor 5, Myf5)和肌肉生长抑制素(myostatin,MSTN)基因的相对表达量显著低于膨化饲料组(P0.05)。F3组肌肉中MSTN基因相对表达量显著高于F2组,而肌细胞生成素(myogenin,MyoG)基因相对表达量则呈现相反趋势。综上,投喂同种配方的膨化饲料和颗粒饲料对斑点叉尾鮰的生长效果相似,但是投喂颗粒饲料的斑点叉尾鮰硬度更大,而投喂膨化饲料则肌肉脂肪含量更高;斑点叉尾鮰的最佳投喂频率是每天2次。  相似文献   

2.
为探讨池塘内循环流水养殖(IPA)与常规池塘养殖(TPA)的斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)肌肉品质差异, 测定两种养殖模式下斑点叉尾鮰 3 个不同部位肌肉(背部、腹部和尾部)的营养成分, 同时分析斑点叉尾鮰背部肌肉的质构和肌纤维特性。结果显示: IPA 组尾部肌肉粗蛋白含量显著高于 TPA 组(P<0.05), IPA 组背部和尾部肌肉粗脂肪含量显著低于 TPA 组(P<0.05)。背部肌肉中氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量和鲜味氨基酸总量 IPA 组显著高于 TPA 组(P<0.05); 腹部肌肉中的必需氨基酸总量和鲜味氨基酸总量 IPA 组显著高于 TPA 组(P<0.05)。17 种检出脂肪酸中, IPA 组背部、腹部和尾部肌肉中豆蔻酸的含量显著低于 TPA 组(P<0.05), 而二十碳五烯酸(EPA)的含量显著高于 TPA 组(P<0.05); 在背部和腹部肌肉中 PUFA 的总量存在显著差异, 均为 IPA 组高于 TPA 组(P<0.05)。肌肉质构特性方面, IPA 组斑点叉尾鮰肌肉的硬度、弹性、咀嚼性和回复性显著高于 TPA 组(P<0.05); IPA 组斑点叉尾鮰肌纤维直径小、密度高。结果表明, 池塘内循环流水养殖斑点叉尾鮰肌肉品质与营养更具优势。  相似文献   

3.
为研究不同投喂频率对绿鳍马面鲀幼鱼生长性能和肌肉品质的影响,在室内循环水养殖系统中,采用人工配合饲料,以1次/d、2次/d、3次/d、4次/d等4种投喂频率,对体质量(13.8±0.83)g的绿鳍马面鲀幼鱼进行了饲养试验,试验时长为42 d。结果显示,随着投喂频率增加,绿鳍马面鲀幼鱼的终末体质量呈逐渐升高的趋势,特定生长率呈先升后降的变化趋势,其中3次/d组幼鱼的特定生长率最高,显著高于1次/d组(P<0.05);饲料系数也随着投喂频率的增加而升高,3次/d组的饲料系数显著高于1次/d组(P<0.05),4次/d组的饲料系数显著高于1次/d组和2次/d组(P<0.05);肌肉品质方面,4次/d组幼鱼的肌肉粗脂肪含量显著高于1次/d组(P<0.05),不同投喂频率组间肌肉粗蛋白质含量和灰分含量无显著性差异(P<0.05)。综合考虑生长性能和肌肉品质指标,绿鳍马面鲀幼鱼适宜的投喂频率为日投3次。  相似文献   

4.
为研究不同投喂频率对青鱼生长和体成分的影响,采用自制的配合饲料,在日投喂量相同的情况下,分别以每天1、2、3、4、5次的投喂频率饲养5组青鱼幼鱼(平均初始体质量为0.61 g)45 d。试验结果:随着投喂频率由每天1次增至3次,青鱼幼鱼的终末体质量、增重率、特定生长率、饲料效率、蛋白质效率及蛋白质贮积率均显著提高(P0.05)。但当投喂频率由每天3次增至5次,这些指标在不同投喂组间无显著差异(P0.05)。对全鱼营养成分的分析表明,水分含量在不同投喂组间无显著差异(P0.05),粗蛋白、粗脂肪及灰分含量在不同投喂组间有显著差异(P0.05),其中随着投喂频率的增加,粗脂肪含量呈下降趋势,而灰分含量则呈上升趋势。试验结果表明,青鱼幼鱼适宜的日投喂频率为3次。  相似文献   

5.
为探究不同开口饲料及不同投喂频率对拉萨裂腹鱼(Schizothorax waltoni)仔鱼存活和生长的影响,在水温11℃~12℃,溶氧6.5~7.8 mg/L条件下,选择平均全长14.45 mm仔鱼,设定螺旋藻粉、冰冻轮虫、斑点叉尾鮰饲料、微粒子饲料、草鱼饲料和丰年虫6种开口饲料投喂,再以微粒子饲料投喂,设定6种投喂频率,分别为每2 h、4 h、6 h、8 h、12 h、24 h投喂一次,试验时间42 d。结果显示:冰冻轮虫组存活率显著最低,微粒子饲料组显著最高(P0.05);投喂频率2 h组存活率显著最低,24 h组显著最高(P0.05)。微粒子饲料组的全长生长速度最高,与斑点叉尾鮰饲料组和草鱼饲料组差异不显著(P0.05),但显著高于其他各组(P0.05);投喂频率12 h组和24 h组生长速度显著高于其他各组(P0.05),该两组间无显著差异,其他各组间无显著差异(P0.05)。综合存活率和生长情况考虑,建议在拉萨裂腹鱼仔鱼早期规模化养殖过程中选择微粒子开口饲料,投喂频率为24 h投喂1次效果较好。  相似文献   

6.
比较了黑鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegelii)♀×真鲷(Pagrus major)♂杂交子二代(杂交鲷或杂交F2)与黑鲷幼鱼在不同投喂频率下生长性能、生理生化指标的差异表现,为新品种选育提供基础依据。选用杂交F;及黑鲷幼鱼为研究对象,设4个投喂频率组(1T:1次·d-1、2T:2次·d-1、3T:3次·d-1、4T:4次·d-1),进行40 d的养殖实验。结果显示,投喂频率从1T升至2T,杂交F2与黑鲷的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、成活率(SR)显著升高(P<0.05),胃蛋白酶、脂肪酶(LPS)、α-淀粉酶活力显著降低(P<0.05)。投喂频率超过2T时,杂交F2和黑鲷各实验组的WGR、SGR、SR及消化酶活力均无显著差异(P>0.05);抗氧化酶活力3T与2T组间无显著差异(P>0.05),但显著高于4T(P<0.05)。相同的投喂频率下,2T组杂交F2的WGR、SGR、胃蛋白酶、LPS均显著高于黑鲷(P<0.05),4T组杂交F2的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)均显著高于黑鲷(P<0.05)。研究结果表明,杂交F2及黑鲷幼鱼的适宜投喂频率为2T,且杂交F2在所有组别中的生长性能表现均优于黑鲷。  相似文献   

7.
研究了不同循环投喂模式对半滑舌鳎的生长、体成分组成、代谢和能量收支的影响。其中包括5个处理:C(对照组,实验过程中持续投喂);S2F4组(饥饿2 d,投喂4 d);S4F8组(饥饿4 d,投喂8 d);S8F16组(饥饿8 d,投喂16 d);S12F24组(饥饿12 d,投喂24 d),实验时间72 d。结果表明,对照组的特定生长率(SGRw和SGRe)显著高于循环投喂各组(P<0.05)。对照组和S2F4组半滑舌鳎幼鱼的末体重没有显著差异(P>0.05),并且均显著高于其它各组(P<0.05)。对照组半滑舌鳎幼鱼的消化率显著低于其它各组(P<0.05),而能量消化率与S12F24组没有显著差异(P>0.05),但显著低于其它3个处理组(P<0.05)。S4F8组半滑舌鳎幼鱼饲料转化率显著低于S12F24组(P<0.05),对照组饲料转化率低于S2F4组和S12F24组但没有显著差异(P>0.05)。对照组半滑舌鳎幼鱼的摄食率显著低于其它各组(P<0.05)。体成分组成中,蛋白含量随饥饿、投喂周期的延长而下降,S2F4组和对照组半滑舌鳎的蛋白含量没有显著差异(P>0.05)。S2F4组的耗氧率和排氨率均较低。对照组的摄食能显著高于其它各组(P<0.05),S2F4组的呼吸能占摄食能的比例显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究表明,半滑舌鳎幼鱼在循环投喂模式下,具有较强的补偿生长能力,S2F4组具有完全补偿生长能力;在较长的周期性饥饿条件下,半滑舌鳎幼鱼体内的蛋白质含量会受到显著影响。  相似文献   

8.
投喂频率对黄鳝幼鱼摄食、生长及饵料利用效率的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究了不同投喂频率对黄鳝(Monopterus albus)摄食率、特定生长率、饵料效率、体重分化、鱼体组成的影响。试验共设5组不同投喂频率(2、3、4、12次/d和24次/d),每组3个重复,试验持续30 d。结果显示:投喂频率4次/d组的摄食率显著高于其它各组(P<0.05);特定生长率有不同程度增高,4次/d组达到最高(P<0.05);饲料利用效率4次/d组显著高于2次/d组(P<0.05),与其它组无显著性差异(P>0.05);随着投喂频率增加,各试验组组内个体体重无显著差异(P>0.05),黄鳝的规格趋于整齐。试验各组黄鳝的鱼体成分无显著性差异(P>0.05);饵料蛋白质和能量的表观消化率,在4次/d时达到最高(P<0.05)。试验表明:黄鳝的生长受投喂频率的影响,每天投喂4次是黄鳝养殖的最佳投喂频率。  相似文献   

9.
为探究投喂频率对绿鳍马面鲀(Tharnnaconus septentrionalis)幼鱼生长、生理指标及肝脏hsp70基因表达的影响,本研究设5个投喂频率,分别为1、2、3、4和5次/d (分别简称为F1、F2、F3、F4和F5),每个处理组设3个平行,每缸养殖30尾鱼[(6.47±0.56)g]。实验期间,水温为17℃~26℃,盐度为30~31,pH为6.8~7.6,溶解氧≥5 mg/L,养殖周期为30 d。结果表明,不同投喂频率对绿鳍马面鲀幼鱼的生长、体成分、消化酶和抗氧化酶活性均有影响。随着投喂频率的增加,绿鳍马面鲀幼鱼的摄食和生长均呈上升趋势,F5组数值最大,摄食率为3.95%,增重率为347.19%,特定生长率为5.07%/d,增重率为F1组的2倍多。F1组的肥满度为1.79,显著低于其他4组(P<0.05);肝体比逐渐升高,F4和F5组的肝体比显著高于其他3组(P<0.05)。增加投喂频率,鱼体的粗蛋白含量呈先升高后降低的趋势,F2组最高,为59.82%;粗脂肪含量呈逐渐升高的趋势,F5组最高,为31.23%。胰蛋白酶活性随投喂频率增加呈先降低后增加的趋势,F3组活性最低,为37.48 U/μg prot;脂肪酶活性逐渐升高,F5组最高,为2.67 U/g prot;淀粉酶活性不受投喂频率的影响(P>0.05)。过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性和丙二醛含量最高均在F5组,分别为14.71 U/mg prot、250.32 U/mg prot和2.73 nmol/mg。肝脏中hsp70基因的相对表达量不受投喂频率的影响(P>0.05)。基于绿鳍马面鲀幼鱼的生长性能和生理效应的综合考虑,其最适投喂频率为3次/d。  相似文献   

10.
投喂频率对鳡幼鱼摄食及生长的影响   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
研究了不同投喂频率(1次/d,2次/d,3次/d,4次/d)对鳡(Elopichthys bambusa)幼鱼摄食及生长的影响,试验持续30 d。结果显示:投喂频率从1次/d增加到4次/d,鳡幼鱼的摄食率逐步提高,1次/d组的摄食率显著低于其他组(P<0.05);体重增加率、特定生长率有不同程度增高,在3次/d时达到最高;饲料转化率逐次下降,1次/d组显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。随着投喂频率增加,实验各组组内个体体重差异显著下降,鳡的规格趋于整齐,组间每日摄食表现也各不相同。试验表明:鳡的生长受投喂频率的影响,每天投喂3次是鳡养殖的最佳投喂频率。  相似文献   

11.
A 6‐week feeding trial was conducted to examine the effect of feeding frequency on growth, feed utilization efficiency, body composition and waste output of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus reared in net pens. Fish (10.3 ± 0.5 g) were either fed a formulated diet containing 48.4% crude protein and 5.7% crude lipid at 0.5, 1, 2, 3 or 4 meals per day or fed a raw fish feed at two meals per day as a control. The weight gain (WG) increased with increasing feeding frequency from 0.5 to 3 meals per day (P < 0.05), but did not significantly change with the further increase in feeding frequency from 3 to 4 meals per day (P > 0.05). The feed intake (FI) was lower in fish fed at 0.5 or 1 meal per day than in fish fed at 2, 3 or 4 meals per day (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in the feed conversion ratio (FCR), nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE), condition factor (CF), nitrogen waste output (NWO) and phosphorus waste output (PWO) between fish fed at 1, 2, 3 or 4 meals per day (P > 0.05), whereas no significant difference was found in the phosphorus retention efficiency (PRE) among the feeding treatments (P > 0.05). The body lipid content increased, whereas the contents of moisture and ash decreased, with the increase in feeding frequency (P < 0.05). At the same feeding frequency, fish fed the formulated diet exhibited lower FI, FCR, HSI, body moisture content, NWO and PWO, but higher NRE, PRE, body lipid content and body phosphorus content than those of fish fed the raw fish feed (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the formulated diet can satisfy nutrient requirements of juvenile golden pompano reared in net pens, and the suitable feeding frequency is 3 meals per day.  相似文献   

12.
为研究池塘工程化循环水养殖模式下投喂频率(2 次/d、3 次/d、4 次/d)对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)体成分、肠道消化和肝脏组织结构及脂蛋白酯酶(LPL)和肝脂酶(HL)基因相对表达丰度的影响, 选用平均体重为 (5.0±0.4) g 的大口黑鲈为研究对象, 在池塘工程循环水养殖系统中进行为期 120 d 的养殖实验。结果表明, 投喂频率对鱼体全鱼的粗脂肪和灰分含量影响显著(P<0.05); 投喂频率 2 次/d 组的灰分含量显著高于其他两组, 而 2 次/d 组体脂肪含量低于投喂 3 次/d、4 次/d 组, 体水分和粗蛋白含量均不受投喂频率的影响(P>0.05); 投喂频率 2 次/d 组肠道淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性显著高于 4 次/d 投喂组(P<0.05); 投喂频率对大口黑鲈肠道绒毛高度和宽度影响不显著 (P>0.05), 4 次/d 组肠道绒毛排列整齐度下降且肌层厚度显著低于 2 次/d 和 3 次/d 组(P<0.05)。肝脏组织学显示, 投喂频率越高肝脏脂肪堆积加重, 相对于 2 次/d 和 3 次/d 组, 4 次/d 组肝细胞偏移、空泡化的现象较明显。在第 60 天和 90 天, 2 次/d 组 LPL 基因相对表达量显著高于 4 次/d 组(P<0.05); 而在第 120 天时, LPL 的相对表达量在各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。2 次/d 组 HL 基因相对表达量显著高于 4 次/d 组(P<0.05)。综合分析, 在饱饲投喂条件下, 池塘循环水养殖大口黑鲈的适宜投喂频率为 2 次/d。  相似文献   

13.
A 10 week experiment was conducted to determine theeffects of feeding rate on growth, feed utilizationand body composition of the tropical bagrid catfish,Mystus nemurus. Catfish fingerlings with anaverage initial body weight of 12 g were fed apractical diet (36.2% protein, 16.5 kJ/g diet) atrates of 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4 or 5% of their bodyweight (BW) per day in two equal meals. Watertemperature was approximately 29 °C throughoutthe experiment. Percent weight gain increased almostlinearly with increasing feeding rates up to 2.5%BW/day beyond which no significant (P > 0.05)improvement in weight gain was observed. The specificgrowth rate of catfish fed rations of 1% BW/day was0.72%/day and this increased significantly to anaverage of 1.39%/day for catfish fed 2.5% BW/day andbeyond. Feed utilization did not differ significantly(P > 0.05) between fish fed 1.0 to 2.5%BW/day but decreased when rations were increased to3.0% BW/day and above. Feed efficiency ratio was0.79 for catfish fed 1.0% BW/day compared to a ratioof 0.27 for fish fed at 5% BW/day. Catfish fed 1.0%BW/day had the lowest condition factor, hepato- andviscerosomatic indices, but the highest carcass tobody weight ratio. These fish also had lowerproportions of whole body dry matter, lipid andprotein, carcass dry matter and lipid, and visceraldry matter and lipid than fish in other groups. Therewere no significant differences in either conditionindices or relative body composition of fish fedrations of 2.0 to 5.0% BW/day. Based on the growth,feed efficiency and body composition data obtained, afeeding rate of 2.5% BW per day is recommended forM. nemurus fingerlings raised at 29 °C.  相似文献   

14.
选取初始体重为(13.17±0.68) g、初始体长为(11.86±0.53) cm黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) 720尾,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复40尾鱼。分别投喂添加0、50、100、200、400、800 mg/kg姜黄素的实验饲料,分别标记为T1–T6。实验周期为60 d,实验结束后,测定黄颡鱼生长、消化和抗氧化能力指标。结果显示,各实验组特定增长率和存活率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),T4组增重率和蛋白质效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),T3、T4组饲料系数显著低于对照组(T1组) (P<0.05);T3、T4、T5组前肠脂肪酶活力显著高于对照组(P<0.05),T4组前肠淀粉酶活力显著高于对照组(P<0.05);T6组肝胰脏、T5组脑与T4组头肾超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力均较对照组有显著提升(P<0.05);脑实验各组丙二醛(MDA)含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);T6组肝胰脏、T5组脾脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力显著高于对照组(P<0.05);T4组肝胰脏、T5组脾脏、T5组中肾谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活力显著提升(P<0.05);血清实验各组GSH-PX活力均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);肝胰脏实验各组谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);T5组肝胰脏、T4组脾脏和血清一氧化氮(NO)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究表明,在饲料中添加适量的姜黄素可以显著提高黄颡鱼的生长性能、消化能力以及抗氧化能力,以200 mg/kg添加量为最佳。  相似文献   

15.
An 80‐d feeding trial was conducted to evaluate meat and bone meal (MBM) as replacement of protein concentrate (PC) in practical diets for sutchi catfish, Pangasius hypophthalmus. Triplicate groups of juvenile sutchi catfish (initial weight 4.80 g) were stocked at the rate of 20,000 fish/ha in 12 earthen ponds (30 m2 each). Four isocaloric diets (4.12 kcal/g) were formulated by replacing 0 (Diet 1, control), 33 (Diet 2), 67 (Diet 3), and 100% (Diet 4) PC protein with MBM. The growth parameters [final weight, % weight gain, and specific growth rate (SGR)] of fish fed Diets 1, 2, and 3 were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from each other but were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those in Diet 4. The protein content in fish fed Diet 4 was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the others. The total production of fish in different treatments ranged between 1917 and 2648 kg/ha/80 d. A simple economic analysis determined that the highest net profit (Tk. 52,965/ha) was obtained with Diet 2 and the lowest (Tk. 27,127/ha) with Diet 4 having 100% PC protein replacement. From the results of the study it is concluded that MBM can substitute up to 67% PC protein in catfish diet without hampering the growth and feed utilization.  相似文献   

16.
麻艳群  黄凯  肖新  陈涛  于丹  卢克焕 《水产科学》2011,30(7):383-386
选取900尾健康的巴丁鱼(约1.4 g/尾),随机分成5个处理组(磷脂水平分别为0%、1%、2%、3%、4%),每组设3个重复,投喂同一种饲料,每个重复60尾鱼放养于一个水泥池(1.52 m×1 m×1 m)中。试验期56 d,试验水温为25~27℃。试验结果显示,各组的质量增加率、特定生长率随饲料磷脂水平的升高而升高(P>0.05),当磷脂水平为4%时,以上2个指标均达最高,分别为(1484.95±36.50)%、(4.92±0.26)%。第5组饲料系数最低(1.00±0.05)(P>0.05)。饲料磷脂水平显著影响巴丁鱼的肥满度、肝脏脂肪含量和肌肉脂肪含量(P<0.05)。第5组的肥满度最高(1.24±0.21),显著高于其他4组(P<0.05);第1组的肝脏脂肪含量最高(3.71±0.47%),与第3、4、5组差异显著(P<0.05)。第4、5组的肌肉脂肪含量最低,显著低于前3组(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

17.
李建  王琨  陈建春  叶继丹 《水产学报》2014,38(6):869-876
为了探讨尼罗罗非鱼对不同循环饥饿投喂模式的补偿生长效应,本实验分别采用每天投喂(S0)及饥饿1 d+投喂3 d(S1F3)、饥饿1 d+投喂5 d(S1F5)、饥饿1 d+投喂7 d(S1F7)、饥饿2 d+投喂3 d(S2F3)、饥饿2 d+投喂5 d(S2F5)和饥饿2 d+投喂7 d(S2F7)6种不同的循环投喂模式,用含33%蛋白质和8%脂肪的饲料饲养尼罗罗非鱼(均重13.50 g),饲喂期为43 d。结果显示,S0组的增重率(806.74%)最高,与S1F3、S1F5和S1F7组差异不显著,但分别比S2F3、S2F5和S2F7组显著提高40.3%、33.6%和10.4%;S0组的特定生长率最低(5.36%),显著低于其他各组;与对照组相比,采用循环投喂模式没有改善饲料转化率和蛋白质效率,但却能明显提高日摄食率;各实验处理组肝体比、脏体比、肥满度、鱼体灰分含量、肌肉RNA/DNA比值及血清总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和尿素氮含量与对照组差异不显著;S1F3、S1F5和S1F7组鱼体蛋白质和脂肪含量、血清甘油三酯含量及血清谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性与S0组差异不显著,但S2F3、S2F5和S2F7组鱼体蛋白质和脂肪含量及血清甘油三酯含量显著低于S0组,血清谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性显著高于S0组。研究表明,尼罗罗非鱼在S1F3、S1F5和S1F7模式下获得了完全补偿生长,而在S2F3、S2F5和S2F7模式下仅获得了部分补偿生长,且均是通过提高恢复投喂期间的摄食量来实现补偿生长。在获得完全补偿生长的3组中,S1F3组的实际投喂天数最短,仅为33 d,比每天投喂模式缩短了23.3%,因此在本实验条件下,饥饿1 d+投喂3 d是最佳的循环饥饿投喂模式。  相似文献   

18.
Compensatory growth of juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus L., and changes in proximate composition and body condition indexes of fish during fasting and after refeeding were investigated during the summer season. Groups of 25 fish each (initial body weight of 16 g) were randomly distributed into fifteen 180‐L flow‐through tanks. Fish were fed the experimental diet containing crude protein 46.9% and crude lipid 8.0% with estimated energy level of 14.6 kJ/g diet for 6 d/wk. Five treatments in triplicate were prepared for this study: C, S1, S2, S3, and S4. Fish in the control group (C) were hand‐fed to apparent satiation twice daily. Fish in treatments S1, S2, S3, and S4 experienced 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk of starvation and were then hand‐fed to apparent satiation twice daily during the remaining 7, 6, 5, and 4 wk of the experiment, respectively. A group of starved fish in the similar size was stocked and fasted throughout the 8‐wk feeding trial for chemical and blood analysis. The feeding trial lasted for 8 wk. Weight of fish linearly decreased with week of starvation (P < 0.0001). Linear relationship between condition factor (CF) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) against week of starvation was observed in the starved group of fish. Survival was not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by feeding strategy. However, weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) of olive flounder in C, S1, and S2 were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those of fish in S3 and S4. The poorest weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) were obtained in fish of S4. Feed consumption of olive flounder in C, S1, and S2 was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of fish in S3 and S4. Feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, and protein retention of olive flounder in C and S1 were not significantly (P > 0.05) different from those of fish in S2 but significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those of fish in S3 and S4. Hematocrit, CF, and HSI of olive flounder were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by feeding strategy. Chemical composition of fish was not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by feeding strategy. In considering these results, it can be concluded that juvenile olive flounder have the ability to fully compensate for 2‐wk feed deprivation during the summer season. Besides, feed efficiency in fish fed for 7 and 6 wk after 1‐ and 2‐wk feed deprivation was comparable to that in fish fed for 8 wk.  相似文献   

19.
Two studies were conducted in 110‐L flow‐through aquaria and 0.4‐ha ponds to evaluate effects of periodic feed deprivation on the growth performance of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Fish were deprived of feed 0, 1, 2, or 3 consecutive d/wk, l d per 5‐d period, or 3 consecutive d per 10‐d period and fed to satiation on days fish were fed. In Experiment 1, fish fed less frequently than daily consumed significantly less feed (over the experimental period) and gained significantly less weight than fish fed daily, except that feed consumption of fish deprived of feed 1 d/wk was not significantly different from that of fish fed daily. Compared with fish fed daily, fish deprived of feed 2 d/wk had significantly lower feed conversion ratio (FCR). Visceral fat of fish deprived of feed 1 or 2 d/wk was similar to that of fish fed daily, but fish deprived of feed for longer periods had significantly lower visceral fat than fish fed daily. Regression analysis indicated that feed consumption, weight gain, and visceral fat increased linearly as the number of days that fish were fed increased. In Experiment 2, there were no significant differences in the amount of feed fed between fish deprived of feed 1 d/wk and those fed daily. Net production of fish deprived of feed 1 or 2 d/wk or 1 d per 5‐d period was not significantly different from that of fish fed daily, but fish deprived of feed for longer periods had significantly lower net production than fish fed daily. Visceral fat of fish deprived of feed 1 d/wk or 1 d per 5‐d period was similar to that of fish fed daily, but fish on other treatments had significantly lower visceral fat than fish fed daily. Regression analysis showed that as the number of days fed increased the amount of feed fed and net production increased quadratically. Feed conversion ratio, carcass yield, visceral fat, and fillet fat increased, while fillet moisture decreased linearly as the number of days fed increased. Although feeding less frequently than daily may improve feed efficiency, and fish deprived of feed may demonstrate compensatory growth when a full feeding regime is resumed, it may be difficult to provide enough feed to satiate all size‐classes of fish under a multiple‐batch cropping system without causing water quality problems. Under normal economic conditions, fish should be fed daily to apparent satiation without waste and without causing water quality problems. However, during periods of unfavorable economic conditions, channel catfish raised from advanced fingerlings to market size may be fed less frequently than daily to reduce production cost. Results from the present study indicated that feeding channel catfish to satiation 5 or 6 d/wk (not feeding on one or two weekend days) could provide some benefits in reducing production cost through reduced feed and labor costs for food‐sized channel catfish during periods of low fish prices and high feed prices.  相似文献   

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