大竹蛏人工繁殖技术研究

报道了大竹蛏Solen grandis Dunker的繁殖季节、亲体暂养与催产、产卵孵化和幼体培育及变态附着的试验结果。结果表明，大竹蛏在人工暂养条件下无需特殊的人工催产方法，可自然排放精卵。受精卵在水温22～24℃条件下，23～24小时孵化出D型幼虫，孵化率为58％以上。受精后7～9天完成变态，发育至稚贝。以粒径400～500μm细砂作为附着基，经50天培育可达体长1cm左右的苗种。同时，对大竹蛏的催产方法、产卵行为、附着基的投放和胚胎发育、幼虫发生及生长等进行了初步研究。     

青蛤生产性育苗及中间培育技术研究

为解决青蛤养殖生产所需苗种,在借鉴泥蚶生产性育苗技术基础上,重点突破了青蛤亲贝强化培育与人工催产技术,幼虫饵料单胞藻培育技术,青蛤苗种中间培育与清涂除害技术,系统掌握生产性育苗及中间培育技术,实现了青蛤苗种的规模化生产。2003～2005年累计培育平均壳高2mm的稚贝74．574亿粒,经中间培育后出池商品仔贝49．842亿粒,中间培育成活率达到66．84%。生产性育苗净利润163．82万元,中间培育总利润776万元,平均每平方千米获利15 089元。     

近江蛏大规格苗种培育技术

正虽然近江蛏生产性人工育苗已获成功,但多数养殖者在池塘大规格苗种培育的成活率还是比较低,造成近江蛏苗种资源浪费,本文对近年来近江蛏池塘大规格苗种培育技术进行总结,结果为近江蛏苗种最适宜的比重是1.004~1.006,近江蛏苗种最适宜的温度是15℃~28℃,最适宜的pH值是7.8~8.8。近江蛏(Sinonovacula rivularis sp.nov.)为一种河口埋栖型双壳贝类,隶属于双壳纲,灯塔蛤科,缢蛏属,为缢蛏属中的一新种。该蛏形似     

缢蛏工厂化育苗技术的研究

利用现有的对虾育苗设施,进行缢蛏人工催产,浮游幼虫和稚贝培育,提供缢蛏养殖户所需苗种,获得成功。1997年出池稚贝平均密度76.26×10~4颗/m~2(壳长501～920μm),最高密度111.15×10~4颗/m~2(壳长501～811μm)     

用小球藻进行缢蛏人工繁育技术试验

利用轮虫培养设施.以小球藻作为缢蛏浮游幼虫的开口饵料.采取贝类育苗的一般工艺进行缢蛏的室内人工育苗.试验结果表明.缢蛏一般于晚上产卵.一直持续至凌晨;2.5 kg亲蛏共获受精卵3.0×107个.缢蛏受精卵在平均水温约15℃时.经25 h发育成2.5×107个D形幼虫,孵化率为83.3%.投喂小球藻后经12 d培育幼虫能够正常变态附着.共获1.0×10,个眼点幼虫.幼虫成活率40%,刚附着稚蛏于室内经40 d的培育获得平均壳长为3 mm稚蛏3.0×106粒,平均成活率30%.     

六线鱼人工育苗技术研究

使用从海区采集和人工催产获得的六线鱼卵块１０９１ｇ，孵化仔鱼１１万尾，平均孵化率为５６％，仔鱼经４５～６０天培育，育成全长２．５～４．０ｃｍ，鱼种１．８３万尾，平均成活率２４．４％，专家验收认为，育苗量，苗种规格及生长速度均处国内领先水平，对卵块收集，人工孵化，苗种生长，饵料系列，育苗病害，饵料生物培育等问题进行了研讨。     

紫彩血蛤育苗过程中单胞藻培育技术

单胞藻作为贝类育苗过程中的重要生物饵料,其培育技术是贝类繁育的重要环节。因此为探索研究紫彩血蛤(Nuttallia olivacea)苗种繁育中所需单胞藻培育及投喂技术,结合日照地区水文条件开展紫彩血蛤苗种单胞藻培育实验。实验结果表明利用多种藻类分阶段混合投喂有助于紫彩血蛤幼虫发育。总结实验结果得到一套繁育速度快、密度高的单胞藻培育技术,及其适宜紫彩血蛤幼虫发育的投喂方式,以期为紫彩血蛤苗种繁育提供理论支撑。     

怀头鲶人工繁殖及苗种培育的研究

１９９５～１９９７年利用池塘培育成熟的怀头鲶进行了人工繁殖及苗种培育试验,催产率、受精率平均达到９０％、７３７％。１９９７年平均孵化率６４９％,出苗１０５４万尾。培育３～４ｃｍ夏花鱼种２万尾。     

菊黄东方魨河口区海水全人工繁育技术研究

利用杭州湾河口区的天然海水,对人工繁养的菊黄东方鲀亲鱼进行强化培育,使其达到性成熟,挑选其中性腺发育良好的进行催产,并采用半干法人工授精.在水温21～22℃下,受精卵经过100～120 h的静水充气孵化后仔鱼出膜;在水温24～25℃下,经过约25 d的培育,乌仔的全长达15 mm.试验结果表明2004年分4批共计催产18组,催产率为94.4%,获得受精卵67.5万粒、初孵仔鱼58.1万尾、乌仔29.3万尾,受精率为70.2%,孵化率86.1%,育苗成活率50.4%;2005年催产12组,催产率83.3%,获得受精卵110.3万粒、初孵仔鱼90.8万尾、乌仔49.6万尾,受精率为77.5%,孵化率为82.3%,育苗成活率54.6%.试验结果还表明两个不同盐度(15,25)对菊黄东方鲀受精卵孵化和苗种培育的影响不明显.     

松江鲈鱼养殖技术之四 松江鲈鱼苗种培育技术

上海市松江区水产良种场于2011年3月对松江鲈鱼亲本进行人工催产,获得受精卵680906粒,孵化鱼苗355390尾。随后进行为期50天(4月上旬至5月下旬)的松江鲈鱼苗种培育,成功培育全长30毫米左右的松江鲈鱼鱼种约30万尾,苗种成活率约为84.4%。培育分育苗箱培育及育苗池培育两阶段进行。一、育苗箱培育初孵幼苗个体小(全长5～6毫米),捕食能力弱,游泳能力不强,不适于大水体中培育,点数后转入育苗箱进行苗种培育。     

盐度对鮸状黄姑鱼(Nibea miichthioides)胚胎发育和仔鱼成活的影响

本研究采用不同盐度的海水对(鱼免)状黄姑鱼受精卵的沉浮性、胚胎发育的孵化时间、孵化率、仔鱼的分布状态和成活率的影响进行研究。结果表明:(鱼免)状黄姑鱼受精卵在盐度26.9‰以下的海水呈沉性,在盐度40.7‰以上的海水呈浮性,盐度26.9‰～40.7‰则由沉性向浮性过渡。(鱼免)状黄姑鱼受精卵在盐度13.7‰～53.0‰均可孵化,但孵化适合盐度为26.9‰～40.7‰。从仔鱼的分布状态、活动情况、成活率等几方面综合分析、(鱼免)状黄姑鱼仔鱼的合适盐度为26.9—33.4‰。     

扁藻干制品在海湾扇贝育苗中的应用研究

为解决贝类育苗唯一饵料单细胞藻供应不足的问题，制备扁藻干制品——扁藻粉、扁藻精，设计9组进行了海湾扇贝浮游幼虫的不同投喂效果试验，变态率72％-87％，效果较好。     

点篮子鱼人工繁育技术研究

2008年4~6月在海南进行了点篮子鱼的人工繁殖试验,共产卵610×104cell,孵化出仔鱼342.4×104ind,经过30 d土池生态培育,培育出体长约2.5 cm幼鱼32.5×104ind,土塘培育苗种成活率达16.1%。点篮子鱼适宜催产的环境条件为:水温25.5~27.7℃,盐度33.0~34.5,pH值7.9~8.5,DO值6.0~8.8 mg/L。A、B、C三种药品配伍进行催产效果最好,获产率、受精率、孵化率均最高,分别达到60.0%~80.0%、83.2%~90.5%和71.2%~76.8%,效应时间缩短到15~16 h。点篮子鱼受精卵为半浮性卵,孵化积温为649.25时度。当盐度低于26.5时,点篮子鱼受精卵沉于水底;盐度高于38.5时,则浮于水面。水温对胚胎发育影响较大,15℃、20℃试验组胚胎分别发育至原肠晚期、胚孔封闭期死亡,35℃条件下胚胎发育终止于胚体形成期,30℃试验组初孵仔鱼的活力差,畸形率高。点篮子鱼胚胎发育的适温为25℃左右。盐度对点篮子鱼的胚胎发育的影响较大。在盐度34.4~45.7范围内,随着盐度的增加,孵化率降低,畸形率升高。在盐度30.2~34.4范围内,孵化率在60%以上,畸形率在10%以下,最适盐度范围30.2~34.4。初孵仔鱼全长为1.00~1.20 mm,油球一个,出膜3~4 d开始摄食小型轮虫和藻类。点篮子鱼苗15日龄前生长缓慢,之后生长迅速,平均全长与日龄回归方程式为:y=1.120 7e0.109 4x,R2=0.979 5。     

仔稚鱼的极性脂——磷脂研究进展

总结了饲料磷脂对仔稚鱼在成活率、生长、抗御外部压力的耐受性以及畸形鱼发生率等方面的重要作用。饲料中缺乏磷脂对仔稚鱼的影响比对幼鱼的影响更明显 ,仔稚鱼饲料中的磷脂含量应高于幼鱼饲料中磷脂的含量。仔稚鱼对饲料磷脂中的磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰肌醇的需要量占饲料的 1%～ 3% (干重 )。用磷脂作为必需脂肪酸和能量的来源在仔稚鱼中的消化率高于中性脂的消化率。饲料磷脂可以增强仔稚鱼体内的脂类运输能力     

Effect of water recirculation rate and initial stocking densities on competent larvae and survival of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in a recirculation aquaculture system

The present study evaluated the effect of initial stocking density and water recirculation rate on larval yield (percent of initially stocked larvae alive at the end of the experiment) and production of competent larvae (percent of initially stocked larvae alive at the end of the experiment retained on a sieve with mesh size 239 μm) of Crassostrea gigas in a recirculation aquaculture system (RAS). Different initial larval stocking densities (80, 160 and 320 larvae mL^?1) and water flow rates (100, 200 and 300 mL min^?1, totalling renewal rates of 60, 120 and 180 times day^?1 of water volume in culture tanks, respectively) were evaluated in 2.4-L tanks using a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme. The physicochemical parameters of the water (temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen and conductivity) were stable in all treatments during the experimental period. Our results demonstrated that the production of C. gigas larvae was feasible at the proposed densities. However, the water renewal rate affected both yield and competent larvae in the recirculation aquaculture system. Oyster cultures with densities of 160 larvae mL^?1 and flow of water of 300 mL min^?1 showed the best yield (89.34 ± 18.43%) and rate of competent larvae (84.09 ± 16.38%) and are therefore recommended with the aim of optimizing larvae cultivation.

     

银鲳人工育苗技术研究

2005~2006年,在舟山海域银鲳繁殖季节(4~5月),随流刺网和张网捕鱼船出海,捕捞性腺成熟的银鲳进行人工授精,把胚胎运回岸上在孵化桶中继续孵化,得到初孵仔鱼并移入水泥池中进行培育。在水温19.0~24.0℃、盐度25.0~28.0的人工育苗条件下培育苗种。饵料为轮虫、卤虫无节幼体和配合饲料,孵化后3 d仔鱼开始开口摄食。银鲳初孵仔鱼~12日龄为仔鱼期,13~40日龄为稚鱼期,41日龄起转为幼鱼期。经50 d培育,获得20~27 mm叉长的银鲳幼鱼。育苗成活率为5%~14%。     

Endoparasitic infestation of wild hedgehogs and hedgehogs in human care with a contribution to therapy

In order to confirm the prevalence of endoparasites fecal samples from 127 hedgehogs living outdoors as well as from 85 in an animal home and from 542 hedgehogs hibernating in private homes were examined. 52.0%-72.3% of the animals from natural surroundings proved to be infested with the lung worm and 72.3%-74.0% with Capillaria species of the intestine, respectively. Capillaria aerophila were found in 15.1%-40.7%, whereas coccidia (1.4%-12.9%) were less frequent. In animal homes and private care hibernating hedgehogs excreted larvae of Crenosoma striatum (23.5% and 21.0%, respectively), eggs of Capillaria species of the intestine (47.1% and 37.1%), and eggs of Capillaria aerophila (7.1% and 19.4%), but oocysts of Isospora rastegaievae were found to be predominant (44.7% and 32.3%). Proglottides of Hymenolepis erinacei and eggs of Brachylaemus erinacei appeared only in the faeces of 3 and 2 hedgehogs, respectively. Helminths of the lung and gut were already found in May, therefore it must be concluded that these parasites are able to survive the winter in the host during the hibernation period. Even young hedgehogs (400-500 g) were infected with Crenosoma and/or Capillaria spp. of the intestine, however, compared with the adults the excretion of eggs and larvae was rather low. The antiparasitic agent Ivermectin (0.3 mg/100 g body-weight) was effective against Crenosoma striatum (efficacy: 95.9%) and Capillaria spp. (100%); therefore it can be recommended as a new, well tolerated anthelmintic against nematodes of the hedgehog.     

Tank culture of larval sunshine bass, Morone chrysops (Rafinesque)×M. saxatilis (Walbaum), at three feeding levels

Sunshine bass, a hybrid of female white bass Morone chrysops (Rafinesque) and male striped bass M. saxatilis (Walbaum), fingerling production occurs almost exclusively in ponds. To increase production and maintain year‐round production in temperate climates, indoor tank culture is required. While tank production of fingerlings has been demonstrated, little is known about feeding requirements. Sunshine bass larvae, stocked at 75 L^?1 in 100 L of brackish water, were fed sequentially with rotifers Brachionus plicatilis cultured with a Nannochloropis algae paste and enriched with highly unsaturated fatty acids, decapsulated Artemia nauplii, and a microencapsulated commercial diet. The larvae in one treatment (three replicates) were initially fed rotifers at a daily rate of 20 mL^?1, then nauplii at an initial rate of 2 mL^?1, and then the commercial diet at 1 g. Larvae in two other treatments received two and three times as much food daily. The highest feeding rate resulted in a survival (52.9%) that was significantly higher than the survival rate (22.4%) of larvae fed the least. The total biomass produced was the highest in the treatment receiving the most food. The lowest feeding rate produced the least fish, but they were the heaviest. The intermediate feeding rate produced the shortest fish (11.3 mm).     

厚壳贻贝早期幼虫低温保存的影响研究

探讨低温(4 ℃)条件下的厚壳贻贝早期幼虫保存可能性,同时调查了不同培育密度对低温保存的影响。在正常条件下,继续培育低温保存后的幼虫,并调查其存活率和生长的变化。 结果表明,在低温保存后,早期幼虫存活率较高,超过95%;厚壳贻贝早期幼虫的壳长和壳高出现显著性的增长。不同培育组间,培育密度对厚壳贻贝早期幼虫的存活和生长影响不同,表明密度是幼虫低温保存的一个重要因素。在正常培育条件下,低温保存后的幼虫,3周后其存活率明显低于对照组,但仍超过50%,且其生长速度明显高于对照组。因此,低温培育是保存厚壳贻贝早期幼虫的有效方法,可用于今后贝类幼虫生物学实验和人工育苗技术的改善研究。     

KC1对中间球海胆幼虫变态的诱导效果

中间球海胆（Strongylocentrotus intermedius)八腕后期幼虫，在KC1添加浓度100mmol/L海水中，分别处理5，10，15min后，均变态为正常稚海胆，中间试验及生产应用结果表明，经KC1处理，幼虫的附着时间缩短了36h，附着率则分别增加了40．4％，27．75％。