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1.
实验测定了咸海卡拉白鱼的耗氧率和窒息点,并做出了耗氧率的昼夜变化曲线。结果表明,在水温16~30℃条件下,卡拉白鱼的耗氧率和窒息点随温度的升高而增加;耗氧率与温度的线性回归方程为R=0.028T-0.312(R=0.845),不同体重鱼(3.97~132.22g)在24℃时,耗氧率和窒息点随体重的增加而降低,耗氧率与体重的关系为R=0.6548W-0.21(R=0.974)。卡拉白鱼的昼夜耗氧昼夜平均耗氧为0.3137mg/g.L,耗氧最低值出现在日间11:00时,耗氧最高值出现在凌晨6:00时。  相似文献   

2.
褐菖鲉的耗氧率与温度、盐度和体重的关系   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文就体重、温度、盐度对褐菖鲉耗氧率的影响进行了初步研究.结果表明,褐菖鲉的耗氧量和耗氧率与体重(w)之间的关系可用幂函数Q=awb表示,其中,耗氧量随体重的增加而升高,耗氧率随体重的增加而降低.温度为11℃~20℃的范围内,褐菖鲉的耗氧率随温度的升高而升高,在温度为20℃时耗氧率达到最高值,超过这一温度耗氧率开始降低.盐度对其耗氧率的影响表现出低盐和高盐条件下耗氧率高的现象.  相似文献   

3.
温度和盐度对橄榄蚶耗氧率和排氨率的影响   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
测定不同温度(15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃)和盐度(16、21、26、31、36)对橄榄蚶(Estellarca olivacea)呼吸和排泄的影响。结果表明,温度和盐度对橄榄蚶的耗氧率和排氨率都有显著影响(P<0.05)。在15~30℃范围内,橄榄蚶单位软体干质量耗氧率(OR)、排氨率(NR)都随温度的升高而升高,变化范围分别为0.37~0.65 mg/(g.h)和1.74~3.15μmol/(g.h);耗氧率和排氨率与温度(t)之间的相关方程分别为:ORT[mg/(g.h)]=0.323 4e0.1765t(R2=0.9755,P<0.05);NRT[μmol/(g.h)]=1.3788e0.1986t(R2=0.9784,P<0.05)。在16~36盐度范围内,橄榄蚶单位软体干质量耗氧率和排氨率开始时随盐度的升高而降低,在盐度26时达到最小值,然后随盐度的升高而升高,变化范围分别为0.43~0.60 mg/(g.h)和1.75~3.26μmol/(g.h);耗氧率和排氨率与盐度(s)之间的相关方程分别为:ORS[mg/(g.h)]=0.0014s2-0.0751s 1.4312(R2=0.9455,P<0.05,n=30);NRS[μmol/(g.h)]=0.0105s2-0.5728s 9.7114(R2=0.9285,P<0.05,n=30)。  相似文献   

4.
斑鳠鱼种耗氧率和窒息点的测定   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
在水温 2 4 .4~ 2 6.0℃时对斑鱼种 (尾重 1.12~ 4 .61g )进行了耗氧率与窒息点测定。结果表明 :耗氧率与窒息点均随鱼体体重的增加而降低。平均尾重 4 .61g的斑耗氧率为0 .1580 mg/g.h ,窒息点为 0 .12 92 mg/L ;平均尾重 1.12 g的斑耗氧率为 0 .2 636mg/g.h ,窒息点为 0 .30 4 0 mg/L。白昼和夜晚耗氧率的差异不大  相似文献   

5.
斑鳠鱼种耗氧率和窒息点的测定   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
陈琴 《水产科技情报》2000,27(6):251-253
在水温24.4-26.0℃时对斑Hui鱼种(尾重1.12-4.61g)进行了耗氧率与窒息点测定。结果表明:耗氧率与窒息点均随鱼体体重的增加而降低。平均尾重4.61g的斑Hui耗氧率为0.1580mg/g.h,窒息点为0.1292mg/L;平均尾重1.12g的斑Hui氧率为0.2636mg/g.h。窒息点为0.3040mg/L。白昼和夜晚耗氧率的差异不大。  相似文献   

6.
采用实验生态学方法,研究了魁蚶能量代谢及抗氧化酶活性对不同温度水平(20、23、26和29°C)的响应。结果显示,魁蚶的摄食率和排粪率都随着温度的升高而降低,单因素方差分析表明,温度显著影响魁蚶摄食率,而对排粪率的影响不显著。魁蚶耗氧率和排氨率随温度的升高呈先增高后降低的趋势,均显著受温度影响。通过建立能量收支方程,发现温度影响魁蚶的能量分配,20°C魁蚶呼吸能占13.71%、排泄能占1.89%、排粪能占22.94%、生长能占61.47%,但是超过20°C,摄食能显著减少,生长余力甚至出现负值。方差分析表明,温度对魁蚶的摄食能和生长余力均具有显著影响。魁蚶外套膜、鳃和肝胰腺的抗氧化酶活性分别在实验开始后的0、4、8、12、24、48和72 h取样检测,在20~29°C,魁蚶体内的T-AOC呈先升高后降低的趋势,且29°C温度下的T-AOC均低于其他温度组。短期内的高温刺激能够促使SOD和CAT活性升高,但超过24 h其组织中的SOD和CAT活性降低,其中鳃和肝胰腺的SOD和CAT活性受温度影响显著,而外套膜受温度影响不显著。GST活性在4~12 h内随着温度升高而显著升高,而在24 h后,尤其当温度升至29°C时,GST活性显著下降。本研究推测,高温对魁蚶的能量代谢及免疫能力造成严重的影响,导致机体抗氧化能力下降,这可能是夏季魁蚶死亡率较高的一个重要原因。研究表明,魁蚶的适宜温度狭窄,建议在魁蚶养殖生产中,水温应低于23°C,超过26°C会导致机体大量的能量消耗。  相似文献   

7.
为了解盐度对泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)生理活动的影响,探究其昼夜活动节律,在室内实验条件下,控制水温25℃,采用静水养殖法,以耗氧率和排氨率分别作为呼吸和排泄的生理指标,研究了20、24、28、30、32共计5个盐度梯度下泥蚶的呼吸和排泄强度,同时对泥蚶在光照条件和暗处理下的呼吸与排泄强度进行了测定。结果发现,泥蚶耗氧率和排氨率随着盐度的升高均先上升、后下降,耗氧率为0.33~0.48 mg/(g?h),排氨率为0.044~0.067 mg/(g?h);泥蚶在盐度28的环境下呼吸和排泄强度最高,且不同盐度下耗氧率之间、排氨率之间差异显著(P<0.05)。暗处理下泥蚶的耗氧率在0.42~0.53 mg/(g?h),排氨率在0.049~0.057 mg/(g?h);光照条件下泥蚶的耗氧率在0.40~0.44 mg/(g?h),排氨率为0.042~0.051 mg/(g?h);暗处理条件下呼吸与排泄强度比光照条件下的更高,但2种状态下耗氧率、排氨率差异均不显著(P>0.05);表明实验条件下泥蚶对光照和暗处理反应不明显,即泥蚶不存在明显的昼夜节律现象。  相似文献   

8.
利用简易密闭的流水装置,对普安鲫(Carassius auratus)鱼苗的耗氧率进行了初步研究;选择体重为1.40~2.50 g的小规格及21.20~33.31 g大规格普安鲫鱼苗,研究其昼夜耗氧率的变化规律以及水温、体重对其耗氧率的影响。结果表明,温度对普安鲫鱼苗耗氧率有显著影响,耗氧率随温度的增加而升高,随体重的增加而降低。2种规格普安鲫鱼苗的昼夜耗氧率变化曲线基本一致,日均(7∶00~17∶00)耗氧率0.1700 mg/(g.h)与夜均(19∶00~5∶00)耗氧率0.1721 mg/(g.h)相似;其中,小规格普安鲫在23∶00出现耗氧率低峰0.1253 mg/(g.h),5∶00出现耗氧率高峰0.2647 mg/(g.h);大规格普安鲫在21∶00出现耗氧率低峰0.0909 mg/(g.h),7∶00出现耗氧率高峰0.2375 mg/(g.h)。  相似文献   

9.
温度对黑鳍棘鲷耗氧率与排氨率的影响   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1  
对体重为240.9±27.1 g的黑鳍棘鲷在不同水温(10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃)条件下的耗氧率和排氨率进行了测试分析。结果表明:黑鳍棘鲷在一定温度范围内的耗氧率和排氨率均随温度的升高而升高,但当水温超过一定值后,其耗氧率和排氨率均随温度的升高而下降。在实验条件下,黑鳍棘鲷的耗氧率与温度的回归方程为Y=-0.489 7X2+27.39X-147.39;排氨率与温度的回归方程为Y=-0.009 3X2+0.508 2X-1.247;耗氧率的最大值为235.61μg/g.h(温度为28.0℃),排氨率的最大值为5.70μg/g.h(温度为27.3℃)。黑鳍棘鲷快速生长期的最适温度为25~28℃。  相似文献   

10.
不同规格兰州鲇耗氧率随着个体重量的增加而降低、而窒息点随体重的增加而增加.平均尾重1.09 g和10.6 g兰州鲇苗种,在水温17.7~22.0 ℃时,昼夜的平均耗氧率分别为209.82 mg/kg·h和158.91 mg/kg·h,窒息点分别为0.653 1 mg/L和0.810 8 mg/L.  相似文献   

11.
12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

16.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

17.
18.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

19.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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