首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
生物调控防治池塘蓝藻技术   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
一、蓝藻对水体的危害 1.蓝藻“水华”中以微囊藻占绝对优势,微囊藻的大量繁殖抑制了其他浮游植物的正常生长,对鱼类有利的浮游动、植物的生长繁殖就受到很大的影响。2。池塘中出现蓝藻“水华”时,水体表面形成一层“绿色浮渣”,水体的水质开始恶化,降低水体的透明度,增加浊度,水面被藻类遮盖,  相似文献   

2.
正天气炎热,水温升高,水体富营养化严重,蓝藻很容易大量繁殖。蓝藻是养殖过程中的常见水质问题之一,尤其在下半年高温时期,水体富营养化突出,加上6、7、8、9月的高温影响,蓝藻的生长速度快于其他有益藻类,很容易大量繁殖,并在水面形成一层蓝绿色而有腥臭味的浮沫,称为"水华"。当水温28~32℃时,蓝藻的生长速度比其他藻类快,故水温高是蓝藻暴发的诱发因素之一。当养殖水体富营养化,蓝藻更容易繁殖,因此,  相似文献   

3.
<正>蓝藻在自然水体中分布很广,是最原始、最古老的藻类,喜欢生活在有机质丰富且p H值较高的水体中,喜高温。蓝藻由于可以改变膨压,在高温强光照的天气聚集在水体表层,吸收了大部分的阳光,在自己大量繁殖的同时抑制其他藻类的生长。蓝藻大量繁殖分泌的有毒代谢物质,影响浮游生物的种群演替、繁殖周期,还可引起一些浮游动物的大量死亡。同时,蓝藻颗粒又很难被鱼、虾类消化。老化的蓝藻大量死亡,使得水体的生产力锐减,造  相似文献   

4.
养殖水体蓝藻水华的防治   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
从本质上讲,水华是以蓝藻为载体的物质和能量转换的结果[1].在含营养物质丰富的水体中,有些蓝藻常于夏季大量繁殖,并在水面形成一层蓝绿色而有腥臭味的浮沫,被称为"水华".大规模的蓝藻爆发,被称为"绿潮".中科院南京地理与湖泊研究所的孔繁翔研究员等在2007年对蓝藻水华的形成机制进行了研究,提出了4阶段的理论假设:即蓝藻的生长与水华的形成可以分为休眠、复苏、生长、上浮及聚集4个阶段.每个阶段中,蓝藻的生理特性及主导环境影响因子有所不同.在冬季,水华蓝藻的休眠主要受低温及黑暗环境所影响.春季的复苏过程主要受湖泊沉积表面的温度和溶解氧控制,而光合作用和细胞分裂所需要的物质与能量,决定水华在春季和夏季的生长状况,一旦有合适的气象与水文条件,已在水体中积累的大量蓝藻群体将上浮到水体表面积聚,形成可见的水华[2].水华的出现最根本的原因还是排入水体的污染物远远大于水体环境的自身容量[3].  相似文献   

5.
正一、蓝藻的危害蓝藻是最早的光合放氧生物,有不少种类可以直接利用空气进行生物固氮,但也有不少种类活体带毒,死后产生蓝藻毒素。蓝藻喜欢生活在有机质丰富且p H值较高的水体中,喜高温,所以随着温度升高,养殖水体投饵增多,生物代谢有机质残留多,蓝藻大量生长,遮蔽阳光,容易被鱼虾误食,难以被鱼虾消化,引起肠胃不  相似文献   

6.
随着工农业生产的发展,大量氮、磷排入水体中,导致水体富营养化现象日益严重,水体的富营养化往往导致藻类疯长形成水华,水质恶化,产生异味.同时水中溶氧减少,生物多样性降低,许多藻类还可以产生毒素,这些毒素对动物和人类有潜在的危害.对于蓝藻的治理人们想了很多方法:第一定向培藻:目前,在自然界中最适宜的生长温度条件下,蓝藻的生长速度是最快的,其次就是小球藻和栅藻.  相似文献   

7.
水产养殖池塘裸藻水华的特点、危害和调控   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
水华是水体藻类大量生长或聚集并达到一定浓度的现象,是水体富营养化和特定条件综合作用的结果。能够形成水华的藻类有蓝藻、甲藻、硅藻、隐藻、绿藻、裸藻等,其中,蓝藻、甲藻水华比较常见,  相似文献   

8.
为验证生物蓝藻抑制剂对各类型水体蓝藻的杀灭作用,于2015~2016年选取以盐碱水、淡水、生活污水为水源的3类蓝藻暴发的养殖池塘,开展了生物蓝藻抑制剂与传统灭藻剂(硫酸铜)杀藻效果的对比试验;于2016年7~8月在蓝藻暴发的沧州市南湖开展了生物蓝藻抑制剂对大型景观水体蓝藻杀灭作用的试验。结果显示,对上述4种类型水体使用生物蓝藻抑制剂,48 h后蓝藻被杀灭,水体中氨氮、硫化氢均未检出,pH降到8.0以下,溶氧量上升到4.5 mg/L以上,藻相以绿藻门的小球藻为主,水质优良。使用传统杀藻剂虽然能杀死蓝藻,但水体的pH、氨氮、硫化氢含量均出现不同程度的升高。试验证明,生物蓝藻抑制剂可以在2~3 d内有效去除养殖水体中的蓝藻并改善水质,在大型水体"水华"综合治理中也具有较好的应用效果。  相似文献   

9.
滇池氮磷浓度变化对蓝、绿、硅藻年际变化的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
为了探究滇池水体中藻类变化规律及营养盐对浮游藻类结构的影响,在滇池草海和外海共设10个采样点,于2013年5月至2015年4月,每月监测藻类变化及氮、磷含量。结果表明,草海在每年9月至来年2月,蓝藻、绿藻呈互为消长的变化趋势,硅藻生物量在8-10月和2-4月含量较高,变化范围5.81~44.80 mg/L;外海以蓝藻、绿藻为主,两种藻类在每年的11月至来年1月呈互为消长,而来年2种藻5-7月逐渐升高、10月开始又逐渐降低。草海和外海水体中的总磷均以在5-9月含量最高,变化范围分别为0.82~3.37 mg/L和0.20~0.51 mg/L;总氮全年变化剧烈,草海总氮为2.85~11.7 mg/L,外海总氮为1.05~4.89 mg/L。总体上看,草海的氮、磷含量高于外海,说明草海富营养化水平高于外海;而水体中绿藻生物量高于蓝藻成为绝对优势藻种,且绿藻生物量远远高于外海,表明高氮、磷水体中绿藻比蓝藻有更强的利用优势,致使在超富营养化水体中蓝藻不占优势。滇池水体中氮磷比较低的月份,水体中蓝藻和绿藻共存;在高氮磷比的时间段,绿藻生长占优势,说明滇池水体中绿藻比蓝藻更适合高氮磷比的环境。  相似文献   

10.
结合基于细菌16S rRNA基因的T-RFLP技术与克隆测序技术,对象山港三疣梭子蟹、脊尾白虾混养模式下改良塘M1(塘底铺网四周铺砂)以及传统塘M2(土塘)水体不同季节细菌群落结构和多样性进行分析。结果显示,M1、M2养殖塘水体细菌群落主要由变形纲门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)组成。养殖过程中,细菌群落结构随时间发生了显著变化,不同养殖塘水体细菌群落结构变化的方向不同。M1养殖塘水体由放线菌门主导的群落结构向蓝藻菌门以及变形菌门主导的群落结构发展,M2养殖水体由蓝藻菌门主导的向变形纲门主导的群落结构发展,说明养殖后期改良塘水体有利于蓝藻细菌的生长。无论是M1还是M2,拟杆菌门在8-9月含量最高,且养殖过程中在M2水体的含量始终高于M1。随着养殖时间的推移,M1养殖塘水体细菌群落由多样性指数高的稳定性结构向多样性指数低的不稳定性结构转变,而M2水体养殖后期仍保持较高的多样性指数。PCA分析结果显示,M1养殖塘水体细菌群落差异性大于M2,说明M2水体细菌群落对环境变化的抵御能力大于M1。相关性分析结果显示,不同养殖塘水体细菌群落分布受环境的影响效应不同。  相似文献   

11.
12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

16.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

17.
18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

19.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号