烟台四十里湾栉孔扇贝、海带和刺参负荷力的模拟测定

利用模拟养殖系统，实测了四十里湾海区对栉孔扇贝（Ｃｈｌａｍｙｓ ｆａｒｒｅｉ）、海带（Ｌａｍｉｎａｒｉａ ｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ）和刺参（Ａｐｏｓｔｉｃｈｏｐｕｓ ｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｓ）的负荷力。结果表明，模拟养殖系统，单养和贝藻参混养系统对栉孔扇贝的负荷力分别为１８４．６和２０１．７ｇ／ｍ＾２；混养系统对海带和刺参的负荷力分别为１０６．８和７４７．７ｇ／ｍ＾２。该海区对单养和贝藻参混养系统栉孔扇贝的负荷     

桑沟湾栉孔扇贝不同养殖方式及适宜养殖水层研究

在桑沟湾内，对栉孔扇贝Ｃｈｌａｍｙｓ（Ａｚｕｍａｐｅｃｔｅｎ）ｆａｒｒｅｒｉ（ＪｏｎｅｓｅｔＰｒｅｓｔｏｎ）的笼养与串耳养殖等不同养殖方式及不同水层（１ｍ、２ｍ、３ｍ、４ｍ）的养殖效果进行了综合试验和分析。结果表明：（１）串耳养殖的扇贝平均壳高增长比笼养扇贝生长快，两种方式效果差异极明显（Ｐ＜０．０１）；（２）串耳养殖方式以２ｍ为最佳养殖水层，其次为１ｍ和３ｍ，４ｍ水层最差，而且２ｍ与４ｍ的养殖效果存在明显差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）；（３）笼养方式的最佳水层为４ｍ，其养殖效果依次为４ｍ＞１ｍ＞３ｍ和２ｍ。试验显示，在不同的养殖方式下，栉孔扇贝最佳生长的养殖水层是不同的。本文还对产生这一差异的原因进行了分析讨论     

Experimental studies on intensive polyculture of Chinese shrimp with bay scallop

用放在海水池塘中的８个陆基围隔（５０ｍ×５０ｍ×１８ｍ），研究中国对虾（Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）与不同密度海湾扇贝（Ａｒｇｏｐｅｃｔｅｎｉｒａｄｉａｎｓ）投饵混养的放养方式、生产力和极限放养量。对虾体长（２８５±０１６）ｃｍ，扇贝壳长（１１０±０１２）ｃｍ，放养密度分别为６０尾／ｍ２和０，１５，４５，７５粒／ｍ２，用投饵和施肥（鸡粪和化肥）饲养。结果表明，扇贝密度为０和１５粒／ｍ２时，对虾的成活率无显著差异。混养（扇贝１５粒／ｍ２）时对虾的出塘体长、体重和产量分别比单养高２５％，３８％和６５％；当扇贝密度高于１５粒／ｍ２时，对虾的平均体长、体重和产量随扇贝密度的增加而显著减少（Ｐ＜００５）。扇贝密度为１５和７５粒／ｍ２时，其产量由４７０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２增至１２３６ｋｇ／ｈｍ２；当扇贝密度高时，去壳后湿重占体重的百分数从（４２８４±３４４）％降至（３７８８±４２６）％。扇贝的极限放养量为６００～８００ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，适宜放养密度为１０～１５粒／ｍ２。     

桑沟湾海水养殖现状评估及优化措施

桑沟湾湾内外海带现养殖总水面为７５００ｈｍ＾２，平均养殖量为９００ｋｇ／１５００ｍ＾２左右，平均养殖容量约为６００ｋｇ／１５００ｍ＾２，养殖量高于养殖平均容量约５０％。该湾栉孔扇贝现养殖总量为２０亿粒，平均养殖密度为５０粒／ｍ＾２。与养殖容量相比，壳高３￣４ｃｍ的孔扇贝的养殖密度尚未达到其养殖容量，有进一步增加养殖密度的潜力；壳高４￣５ｃｍ的中等大小的栉孔扇贝的养殖密度已基本增加密度的潜力；壳高４     

网箱养殖对虾试验

１ 材料与方法１．１ 试验时间与地点 本试验于２０００年４月１０日至８月６日在连云港西大堤内侧的港区进行，养殖期为 １１９天。养殖海区呈东边敞口的袋伏，水深３．５～５米，流速０．３～０．５米／秒，随着潮汐的作用，水体交换快、积温小、水质好，适宜鱼虾生长。１．２ 网箱规格与设置 网箱用聚乙烯网片制成，前期网目为 ３０目，后期网目为 １ｃｍ ×1 ｃｍ，网体为 ４ｍ × ３ｍ，共 ２０只。沿西大堤排成７排，向敞口方向每排３只，网箱间距为１０ｍ × １０ｍ，网箱水深 ２．５米。１．３ 虾苗投放４月８日，将２０只网目为３…     

栉孔扇贝三倍体与二倍体的排泄研究

从温度变化、个体大小和昼夜变化等３个角度研究栉孔扇贝（Ｓｃｈｌａｍｙｓ ｆａｒｒｅｉ）三倍体与二倍体的排泄率。结果表明，栉孔扇贝三倍体与二倍体的排泄率均随温度升高而增大；不同壳宽排泄率（Ｎ）与温度（ｔ）的关系为：Ｎ＝７．２０３３ｅ＾０．１２１５ｔ，Ｒ＾２＝０．８４４１（三倍体ｓ组，壳宽约３．２ｃｍ）；Ｎ＝８．８１５３ｅ＾０．１０３１ｔ，Ｒ＾２＝０．９８６３（三倍体ｂ组，壳宽约４．３ｃｍ）；Ｎ＝６．     

海水网箱养殖大黄鱼技术

１大黄鱼网箱养殖技术１．１海区的选择　海区流向应平直而稳定，流速以１ｍ／秒之内为宜，网箱内的流速在 ０．２ ｍ／秒以内，水深在５ｍ以上。网箱箱底距离海底以最低潮１．５ｍ以上为佳。海区表层水温８～２９℃，盐度１３～３２，透明度在１ｍ左右。１．２网箱的结构　养殖大黄鱼的网箱为浮动式，它由木板（宽 ２５～３０ｃｍ，厚５～６ ｃｍ）组装成并形框架，用圆柱形聚乙烯泡沫体将框架支撑并托出水面。由９～１５个网箱组成鱼排，鱼排框架四周系错绳，抛锭于海底。根据需要和可能，由３～４个鱼排用粗绳连结一起，每个鱼排间隔０．…     

华贵栉孔扇贝浮筏养殖技术

华贵栉孔扇贝（Chlamys nobibis）是我国贝类养殖的重要品种之一，主要有浮筏挂笼养殖、浮筏吊耳养殖、海区底播增殖等养殖方式。汕尾海区华贵栉孔扇贝的自然资源很丰富，在上世纪70年代就开始了该贝的海区采苗和浮筏养殖。     

对虾池不同综合养殖系统效率和效益的比较研究

利用５０个５．０×５．０×１．８ｍ陆基围隔研究了中国对虾与台湾红罗非鱼、海湾扇贝和缢蛏投饵或施肥混养及鲈鱼与中国对虾和台湾红罗非鱼混养最佳结构的生态效率、生产效果和经济效益。结果表明，几种综合养殖系统最佳结构下各种养殖对象对Ｎ的绝对利用率由高至低依次为：鲈鱼－对虾－罗非鱼（３０．９１％）＞对虾－海湾扇贝（２１．０９％）＞对虾－罗非鱼施肥混养（２０．１２％）＞对虾－罗非鱼投饵混养（１７．８１％）＞对虾－缢蛏（１６．９３％）＞单养对虾（１１．５２％）；对Ｐ的绝对利用率由高至低依次为：对虾－缢蛏（１６．０８％）＞鲈鱼－对虾－罗非鱼（１２．８３％）＞对虾－罗非鱼投饵混养（１２．６３％）＞单养对虾（１０．８８％）＞对虾－海湾扇贝（６．０１％）＞对虾－罗非鱼施肥混养（４．０４％）；其产出投入比由高至低依次为：对虾－罗非鱼投饵混养（１．９９）＞对虾－罗非鱼施肥混养（１．９８）＞对虾－海湾扇贝（１．５３）＞单养对虾（１．３８）＞鲈鱼－对虾－罗非鱼（１．３０）＞对虾－缢蛏（１．２３）。     

三倍体长牡蛎浮筏养殖技术的研究

本文报道了两个相邻海区近５００ｈｍ＾２三倍体长牡蛎Ｃｒａｓｓｏｔｒｅａ ｇｉｇａｓ（Ｔｈｕｎｂｅｒｇ）浮筏养殖的研究结果。三倍体牡蛎的采苗器为栉孔扇贝壳，每片采苗器采苗１０￣１２个，以１５￣２０ｃｍ间距夹于３股聚乙（丙）烯蝇间并吊养在浮筏上。三倍体牡蛎在个体重、出肉率和条件指数等养殖经济性状方面比二部体分别增加４２．１％、１６．２％、５６．７％，成活率也有一定的提高。三部体在生长等方面性状优势的生     

龙须菜对刺参生长及环境因子的影响

2010年5～7月在山东威海乳山杜家岛基地,采用陆基围隔生态学实验方法和正交设计法,在不投饵模式下进行刺参Apostichopus japonicus和龙须菜Gracilaria lemaneiformis混养实验。刺参密度分别为15、20、25ind/m2,龙须菜初始密度分别为0、180、360g/m2,比较了不同处理下幼参和龙须菜的生长存活情况,并定期检测环境营养盐的变化。结果表明,刺参平均日增重率(Md-wg)、特定生长率(SGR)受刺参密度的影响显著,受龙须菜密度的影响不显著,受刺参与龙须菜之间交互效应影响不显著;刺参密度为15ind/m2、龙须菜密度为360g/m2时刺参平均日增重率、特定生长率最大;刺参密度为25ind/m2、龙须菜密度为360g/m2时龙须菜产量最高,刺参密度为25ind/m2、龙须菜密度为180g/m2时龙须菜特定生长率最高。水质分析结果表明,刺参密度为15ind/m2时底泥总氮、总磷含量降幅最大。实验结果显示,龙须菜和刺参混养可在一定条件下改善水质条件,提高刺参的特定生长率,在本实验条件下刺参密度15ind/m2、龙须菜密度360g/m2的混养配比较合理,其生态互利效果最好。     

有机海水围塘养殖生态系统能量收支与利用效率研究

对连云港市宋庄镇有机海水养殖基地的海水围塘南美白对虾—缢蛏—梭鱼混养系统和南美白对虾单养系统的能量收支与利用效率进行了研究。结果表明,在有机水产养殖方式下,混养系统中能量输入、输出分别为10.54和8.37MJ/m2,单养系统能量输出、输入分别为13.45和10.72MJ/m2。混养系统的光能利用率、光合能转换效率、生物能转换效率、总能转化率和底泥沉积率分别为0.18%、34.51%、48.11%、16.89%和62.41%,单养系统相对应的数据分别为0.19%、24.95%、24.04%、11.17%和68.54%。混养系统除光能利用率外,其他指标均优于单养系统,底泥沉积率亦小于单养系统。从综合生态经济指标来看,混养系统也优于单养系统,但2者综合生态经济指标(EY)均小于1,混养和单养系统都具有提高经济效益和生态效益的潜力。     

参虾池塘高效混养技术

7-9月刺参夏眠期间正是日本对虾快速生长的季节,在对虾池中人工造礁,第1年4月放入规格为80～120头/ kg的海参苗1740 kg,每年7月放入体长0.7～1.0 cm的日本对虾虾苗1.2×105尾,将刺参与日本对虾混养.在养殖过程中,刺参不投喂,只用卤虫、人工饲料、杂色蛤和四角蛤蜊投喂日本对虾,严格控制养殖池内的杂鱼虾,保持水质新鲜,可提高日本对虾和刺参的成活率,利用两者饵料和空间互补性,可显著提高虾池的利用率和经济效益.     

浙南室内水泥池刺参度夏试验

通过自然常温饲育和人工控温(23.6±0.5)℃的降温饲育,研究了3种规格体质量(10、20、50个/kg)刺参于浙江南部海区室内水泥池的度夏。结果表明,常温饲育下,3种规格的刺参体质量均呈负增长,且特定负生长率随着刺参体质量的增加而升高;降温饲育下,10个/kg与20个/kg体质量刺参组呈负增长,而50个/kg体质量刺参组略呈正增长,第30 d与第60 d的特定生长率分别为0.0496%与0.0513%。降温(23.6±0.5)℃饲育能有效提高刺参度夏时的存活率,有效降低刺参的特定负生长率,且刺参体质量越大,有效降低的体质量下降幅度也越大。在浙江南部海区室内水泥池养殖刺参,温度保持在(23.6±0.5)℃时,50个/kg的刺参不夏眠。     

Nitrogen and phosphorus budget of a Haliotis discus hannai and Apostichopus japonicus polyculture system

The system nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) budget, N/P utilization rate and the physiological response mechanism of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai (body weight: 12.87 ± 0.82 g) and the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (body weight: 10.85 ± 1.16 g) to different co‐culture environment conditions were examined. Animals were kept in a multilayer, cubic recirculating aquaculture system at different polyculture densities (abalones at 400 ind/m²in monoculture [Group C] and abalones at 400 ind/m²with sea cucumbers at 10 ind/m² [AS1] or 20 ind/m² [AS2]). Each treatment was replicated four times, and the experimental cycle was 90 days. No significant difference in survival rate of abalones was detected when the stocking density of sea cucumbers increased from 10 to 20 ind/m², but the concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the water were significantly higher in AS2 than in AS1. Survival rate, specific growth rate (SGR) of body weight of sea cucumbers and SGR of body weight of abalones were significantly lower in AS2 than in AS1. No significant difference in protease (PES), lipase, amylase and cellulase activities of abalones was identified between Group C and AS1, but the PES and amylase activities of abalones and sea cucumbers in AS1 were significantly higher than those in AS2. In AS1, the N/P output from harvesting of abalones and sea cucumbers and the N/P utilization rates were significantly higher than those in AS2. Although the N/P output from faeces was significantly lower in AS2 than in Group C and AS1, the N/P output from the water layer was significantly higher than that in AS1. The expression levels of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn‐SOD) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) of both abalones and sea cucumbers in AS2 were significantly higher than those in AS1. No significant difference in expression of catalase (CAT) and HSP90of abalones was identified among these groups, but the expression levels of CAT and HSP90of sea cucumbers in AS2 were significantly higher than those in AS1. These results indicate that stocking sea cucumbers at 10 ind/m² in the polyculture system will relieve the organic load on the system and improve the N/P utilization rate. It will also increase aquaculture production and improve the ecological and economic benefits of the system.     

不同密度的石莼与中国对虾的混养实验

在10个水族箱(53cm×24cm×23cm)中各放养中国对虾(Penaeuschinensis)4尾,混养孔石莼(UluaPertysavar)0、4g、6g、8g和10g,采用投饲精养.结果表明,孔石莼能有效吸收N、P营养盐,提高对虾对饲料中氮的利用率(42.7%～212.9%),水质状况也优于单养对虾.混养的综合养殖指数高于单养对虾.对虾密度为320-480g@m-3,石莼密度为400～600g@m-3时,可以进行免充气养殖.     

A preliminary study on the potential value of a novel integrated aquaculture system on water purification

Intensive and semi-intensive sea cucumber aquaculture produces effluents that impact the quality of the local aquatic environment and sea cucumber growth; such effluents are an important cause of coastal water eutrophication. Integrated aquaculture has been shown to efficiently reduce the release of nutrients during aquaculture and to provide economic benefits. In this study, we report our investigation of a polyculture system utilizing Styela clava (stalked sea squirt) and Stichopus japonicus (Japanese sea cucumber) under two feeding modes. To examine purification of the water in the system, nutrients in the water and the sediment, attached heterotrophic bacteria, and the survival rates and growth rates of S. clava and S. japonicus were determined. Tank cultivation trials showed that, under the same feeding modes, the concentration of nutrients in the polyculture system was approximately 50–60 % of the sum of the nutrients in the S. japonicus mixture and S. clava monoculture systems. The abundance of attached heterotrophic bacteria in the polyculture system was remarkably lower than that of the mixed culture system under the same feeding mode. S. japonicus in the polyculture system grew better than those in the mixed culture system under the same feeding mode. These results demonstrate that the S. clava–S. japonicus integrated culture system offers a means of constraining or reversing the pollutive impacts of coastal sea cucumber aquaculture.     

双齿围沙蚕生态养殖的初步研究

在滩涂高潮区进行双齿围沙蚕单养与改造涂面和平涂的双齿围沙蚕与贝类生态混养试验，结果表明：改造涂面进行沙蚕与贝类混养效果最好，其次是沙蚕单养，平涂沙蚕与贝类混养效果最差。     

Growth, Survival, Yield, and Size Distributions of Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in Polyculture and Monoculture Systems in Puerto Rico

Abstract.— Tilapia and freshwater prawn production in Puerto Rico for monoculture and polyculture systems were compared. The experiment consisted of three treatments with three replicates each. The stocking rates for the prawn monoculture, fish monoculture and polyculture treatments were respectively: 7 prawns/m², 1 tilapia/M², and 7 prawns with 1 tilapia/ m². The mean stocking size for tilapia and prawn were respectively, 7–8 g and 1–1.3 g. After 145 d of culture, yields and mean weight of tilapia in monoculture and polyculture system were not significantly different. Total yields were 2,942 and 2,769 kg/ha, respectively. Mean weights were 348 g in monoculture and 331 g in polyculture. Yields and mean weight of prawns in monoculture and polyculture were significantly different. Total yields were 1,367 and 951 kg/ha, respectively. Mean weights were 55 g in monoculture and 31 g in polyculture. Total yield in polyculture was 3,720 kg/ha showing an increase over the production separately obtained in prawn and fish monoculture.