不同溶氧条件下亚硝酸盐和氨氮对中国对虾的急性毒性效应

研究了正常溶氧(5.5～6.0 mg/L)和过饱和溶氧(10～12 mg/L)条件下亚硝酸盐和氨氮对中国对虾的急性毒性效应。试验结果表明,正常溶氧条件下,亚硝酸盐对中国对虾的48 h LC_(50)值和96 h LC_(50)值(95%可信限)分别为69.43 mg/L(58.53～82.36 mg/L),43.80 mg/L(37.57～51.06 mg/L),非离子氨对中国对虾的48 h LC_(30)值和96h LC_(50)值(95%可信限)分别为1.36 mg/L(1.15～1.61 mg/L)和0.98 mg/L(0.83～1.16 mg/L);而过饱和溶氧条件下亚硝酸盐对中国对虾的48 h LC_(50)值和96 h LC_(50)值(95%可信限)分别为94.80 mg/L(79.77～112.66 mg/L),58.64 mg/L (51.40～66.90 mg/L);非离子氨对中国对虾的48 h LC_(50)值和96 h LC_(50)值(95%可信限)分别为2.37 mg/L(2.0j～2.75 mg/L)和1.52 mg/L(1.30～1.77 mg/L)。亚硝酸盐和非离子氨对中国对虾均具有一定的毒性,无论在正常溶氧还是过饱和溶氧条件下,非离子氨对中国对虾的毒性都大于亚硝酸盐,同时高溶氧的存在使中国对虾对这两种物质毒性耐受能力得以提高,且过饱和溶氧对非离子氨毒性的影响程度高于亚硝酸盐。     

不同溶解氧条件下亚硝酸盐和非离子氨对大菱鲆的急性毒性效应

研究了过饱和氧条件下亚硝酸盐和氨氮对大菱鲆急性毒性效应,同时对比了在正常溶解氧条件下亚硝酸盐和氨氮对大菱鲆急性毒性效应。实验结果表明,过饱和氧条件下亚硝酸盐对大菱鲆的48hLC50值和96hLC50值(95%可信限)分别为467.60mg/L和390.78mg/L,非离子氨对大菱鲆的48hLC50值和96hLC50值(95%可信限)分别为2.40mg/L和1.73mg/L;而正常溶氧条件下,亚硝酸盐对大菱鲆的48hLC50值和96hLC50值(95%可信限)分别为181.07mg/L和130.66mg/L,非离子氨对大菱鲆的48hLC50值和96hLC50值(95%可信限)分别为1.82mg/L和1.14mg/L。亚硝酸盐和非离子氨对大菱鲆均具有一定的毒性,其主要中毒症状表现为,中毒的个体开始急躁不安并沿槽壁狂游,频繁发生相互碰撞或与槽壁摩擦,随后行动减缓并伴有侧游或侧翻动作,呼吸速度减慢,发生昏迷并沉落水底,直至死亡。死亡的大菱鲆鱼体弯曲,体色变淡,鳃盖张开。无论在过饱和氧还是在正常溶氧条件下非离子氨对大菱鲆的毒性都远大于亚硝酸盐的毒性,同时高浓度溶解氧的存在使大菱鲆对这两种毒物的耐受能力得以提高。提出了在大菱鲆循环水养殖过程中可以通过向水体充氧的方式以提高大菱鲆对亚硝酸盐和非离子氨的耐受力。     

不同溶氧条件下亚硝酸盐和氨氮对半滑舌鳎的急性毒性效应

研究了正常溶解氧(5.5～6.0mg/L)和过饱和氧(10～12mg/L)条件下亚硝酸盐和氨氮对半滑舌鳎急性毒性效应。实验结果表明,正常溶氧条件下,亚硝酸盐对半滑舌鳎的48hLC50值和96hLC50值(95%可信限)分别为48.2mg/L(43.56～53.34mg/L)和41.66mg/L(37.03～46.86mg/L),非离子氨对半滑舌鳎的48hLC50值和96hLC50值(95%可信限)分别为0.76mg/L(0.64～0.89mg/L)和0.58mg/L(0.48～0.70mg/L);而过饱和氧条件下亚硝酸盐对半滑舌鳎的48hLC50值和96hLC50值(95%可信限)分别为120.68(110.82～131.42mg/L)和103.53mg/L(94.83～113.03mg/L);非离子氨对半滑舌鳎的48hLC50值和96hLC50值(95%可信限)分别为2.53mg/L(2.42～2.66mg/L)和2.39mg/L(2.31～2.49mg/L)。最后,提出了在半滑舌鳎养殖过程中可以通过向水体充氧的方式以提高半滑舌鳎对亚硝酸盐和非离子氨的耐受力。     

溶氧水平对黄颡鱼稚鱼摄食、生长及呼吸代谢的影响

在(28±0.5)℃循环水环境中设置4种溶氧水平,分别为2.92 mg/L(G1组)、4.71 mg/L(G2组)、6.77 mg/L(G3组)、9.68 mg/L(G4组),研究初始体重为(1.62±0.02)g的黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidracoR.)稚鱼的生长、摄食及呼吸代谢规律。结果显示:G3组特定生长率(SGR)、饲料效率(FE)均显著高于其它各试验组(P<0.05)。试验鱼的耗氧率、排氨率与溶氧水平无正相关性,G3组的耗氧率、排氨率始终显著高于其它三组。第6周测定发现:摄食后1~4 h内耗氧率和排氨率均呈现迅速上升,到达最大值后再缓慢下降,二者均在09∶00和21∶00出现高峰,G3组的耗氧率高峰值分别为0.345、0.331 mg/g.h,G3组的排氨率高峰值分别为24.194、17.770μg/g.h。结果表明:不同溶氧条件下,黄颡鱼稚鱼的耗氧率、排氨率变化过程具有类似的特征,二者在能量代谢机制上相互关联;在6.77 mg/L的溶氧水平下,黄颡鱼稚鱼生长最快、呼吸代谢最为旺盛。     

氨氮和亚硝酸盐对单环刺螠幼体的急性毒性实验

在水温15.1～17.3℃,pH 7.88～8.15,盐度32.17‰～32.28‰,溶解氧6.40～7.40 mg/L的条件下,采用半静水法研究了氨氮和亚硝酸盐对体质量(2.86±0.43)g的单环刺螠(Urechis unicinctus)幼体的急性毒性效应。试验结果表明,单环刺螠幼体中毒后体色变暗,对外界刺激变得不敏感,最后身体缩成一团或细线状。随着氨氮和亚硝酸盐质量浓度升高死亡率逐渐升高,存在明显的剂量效应和时间效应。氨氮对单环刺螠幼体96 h半致死质量浓度分别为620.79 mg/L(95%置信区间557.62～691.11 mg/L),安全质量浓度为62.08 mg/L,对应非离子氨浓度为13.85 mg/L(95%置信区间12.44～15.42 mg/L),安全质量浓度为1.39 mg/L;亚硝酸盐对单环刺螠幼体96 h半致死质量浓度为243.90 mg/L(95%置信区间223.10～266.65 mg/L),安全质量浓度为24.39 mg/L。非离子氨对单环刺螠幼体毒性大于亚硝酸盐毒性。     

亚硝酸盐氮对金鱼鱼种的急性毒性效应

采用常规生物急性毒性试验方法,研究了亚硝酸盐氮对体长(6.50±0.50) cm、体质量(9.12±0.45) g金鱼的急性毒性效应.试验结果表明:金鱼对亚硝酸盐氮的耐受性随接触时间的增加而明显降低;亚硝酸盐氮对金鱼24、48、72、96 h半致死质量浓度分别为1328.726、784.352、731.890、341.470 mg/L,95%可信区间依次为(1070.889～1648.393)、(578.031～1064.193)、(580.943～922.001)、(283.320～411.504) mg/L,安全质量浓度为34.15 mg/L.     

江黄颡鱼瞬时耗氧率和窒息点的研究

在三种水温条件下 ( 12℃、2 0℃、2 8℃ )测定江黄颡鱼 (Pseudobagrusvachelli)幼鱼 ( 6 .5～ 8.6cm/p ,3.953～ 8.4 0 7g/ p)的耗氧状况 ,据此计算出幼鱼的瞬时耗氧速率 (V ,mg/ g.h)与溶氧量 (DO ,mg/L)及水温的相关关系。试验表明 :江黄颡鱼耐低氧能力较强 ;其昏迷点、窒息点随水温的升高而有所增大 ,2 8℃时两者分别为 0 .3183、0 .2 750mg/L ;江黄颡鱼的瞬时耗氧速率随时间的延长、溶氧量的降低而降低 ,呼吸类型属于顺应型     

非离子氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮对暗纹东方鲀稚鱼的急性毒性试验

在水温21~23℃,pH 8.2~8.5,溶解氧6.00~7.50mg/L的条件下,采用半静水法研究了非离子氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮对全长(1.6±0.2)cm、体质量为(0.11±0.05)g的暗纹东方鲀稚鱼的急性毒性效应。试验结果表明,暗纹东方鲀稚鱼受到非离子氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮胁迫后,先后出现鱼体体色变白、扭曲、侧游、失去平衡、昏迷等中毒症状。随着非离子氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮质量浓度的提高和胁迫时间的延长,暗纹东方鲀稚鱼死亡率逐渐升高,存在明显的剂量效应和时间效应关系。非离子氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮对暗纹东方鲀稚鱼96h半致死质量浓度分别为0.46mg/L(95%置信限0.34~0.64mg/L)和290.12mg/L(95%置信限255.16~329.87mg/L),安全质量浓度分别为0.046 mg/L和29.01mg/L。非离子氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮对暗纹东方鲀稚鱼具有一定毒性,且非离子氨氮毒性大于亚硝酸盐氮毒性。     

pH与氨氮对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长与肝脏超氧化物歧化酶的影响

为了解不同水体pH和氨氮组合对瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)特定生长率(SGR),饲料效率(FE)和肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力的影响。实验采用中心复合设计与响应曲面法分析方法,利用瓦氏黄颡鱼幼鱼开展试验,养殖周期为7周。结果表明,水体氨氮对SGR,FE和肝脏SOD活力有显著影响;pH对SGR有显著影响。pH对SGR,FE和SOD活力存在显著的二次效应。氨氮浓度小于1.7 mg/L时对黄颡鱼生长无抑制作用;高氨氮与高pH环境对幼鱼的生长、饲料利用与肝脏SOD活力有明显的抑制作用。水体pH和氨氮水平分别为7.5和1 mg/L时,SGR、FE和SOD同时最优,分别为1.47%/d、1.71和97.9 U/(mg.prot),优化的可信度为0.836。建议在黄颡鱼养殖中,将pH与水体氨氮维持在7.0~8.0与0.1~1.7 mg/L内,从而保证黄颡鱼的正常生长与较强的抗氧化活性。     

不同溶氧条件下黄颡鱼免疫机能及抗病力的研究

研究了水温(28.4±1.0)℃时不同溶氧条件下(A组:(2.28±0.56)mg/L;B组:(4.04±0.38)mg/L;C组:(6.51±0.64)mg/L;D组:(9.11±1.24)mg/L)饲养8周后,黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)的免疫机能及对嗜水气单胞菌(Aerom onas hydrophila)的抗病力。结果显示:A组脾脏系数、吞噬百分率极显著低于其他3组(P<0.01),淋巴细胞转化率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05),红细胞数(RBC)显著高于其他3组(P<0.05),白细胞数(WBC)显著高于C、D两组(P<0.05);B组脾脏系数极显著低于C、D两组(P<0.01),吞噬百分率和淋巴细胞转化率显著低于C、D两组(P<0.05),攻毒1周后,A组受试鱼累积死亡率显著高于B组(P<0.05),极显著高于C、D两组(P<0.01)。表明慢性低氧胁迫抑制了黄颡鱼免疫机能。饲养8周后各组黄颡鱼血清皮质醇水平和溶菌酶活力差异均不显著(P>0.05),表明这两个指标不宜作为鱼类慢性胁迫中的应激信号。     

Evaluation of the short-term toxicity of nitrogenous compounds to channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus

The acute toxicity of un-ionized ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate to 50–76-mm fingerling channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) was investigated using a static bioassay system at 22, 26 and 30°C. The 96-h LC50 values at 30°C for un-ionized ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate were 3.8, 44, and 6 200 mg/l.     

Survival, growth and biochemical parameters of silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824), juveniles exposed to different dissolved oxygen levels

Silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824), is an endemic species from Latin America that is raised in cultivation ponds, and consequently may be exposed to low oxygen levels. Therefore, the objective of this study was to verify the lethal concentration (CL_{50?96 h}) of dissolved oxygen levels for silver catfish juveniles. In addition, the effects of different dissolved oxygen levels (1.96±0.08, 3.10±0.10, 4.14±0.09, 5.20±0.07 and 6.16±0.03 mg L^?1) on growth and metabolic parameters (glycogen, glucose, protein, lactate levels and catalase activity) were also investigated. CL_{50?96 h} was 0.52 mg L^?1 (CI 0.42–0.61 mg L^?1) or 6.7% oxygen saturation. After exposure of silver catfish to hypoxia for 30 days, there were no changes in biochemical parameters indicating the use of an anaerobic pathway by the fish. However, the dissolved oxygen levels influenced silver catfish juvenile behaviour, survival and growth, and under the experimental conditions 5.2 mg L^?1 (or 65.6% oxygen saturation) is the minimum oxygen level recommended for the growth of this species.     

中美洲原产地鳗鲡苗种对几种生态因子的耐受性研究

初步研究了产自中美洲地区的美洲鳗鲡（Anguilla rostrata）苗种对于温度、pH值、溶解氧、亚硝酸盐、氨氮、光强等生态因子的适宜范围及耐受极限。结果显示：鳗苗适宜水温是20℃～28℃，临界上限和下限分别是38℃及0℃；鳗苗正常活动的溶氧临界值是1.0 mg L-1，半数窒息点为0.7 mg L-1；适宜pH为4～10，耐受的上下限分别为11和3；非离子态氨对鳗苗24、48、72、96h的半致死浓度分别是4.54、4.08、4.08、2.62 mg L-1，安全浓度为0.26 mg L-1；亚硝酸盐对鳗苗24、48、72、96h的半致死浓度分别是92.05、65.81、45.54、37.06 mg L-1，安全浓度为3.71 mg L-1；引起鳗苗不安的光强阈值是5.88 µE/m2/s。     

不同氨氮和溶解氧条件下循环海水养殖系统生物滤池对氨氮、化学耗氧量及颗粒悬浮物的处理效果

为了建立优化的循环海水养殖系统,采用水质国标检测方法分析了珊瑚石生物滤池在不同氨氮和溶解氧(DO)负荷实验条件下对养殖废水中氨氮、化学耗氧量(COD)及颗粒悬浮物(SS)的处理效果。结果显示,进水氨氮浓度对出水氨氮(正相关)、COD(正相关)均有极显著的影响(P0.01),对SS处理效果影响不显著。当进水氨氮浓度为0.45~0.65 mg/L时,滤池对水体处理效果最优(氨氮平均清除率为82.1%±3.3%;COD平均清除率为7.1%±1.5%;SS平均清除率为5.8%±1.6%)。DO浓度对水体氨氮(负相关)和COD(负相关)处理效果的影响显著(P0.05),对SS处理效果影响不显著。DO浓度为5.0~7.0 mg/L时,水体处理效果最优(氨氮平均清除率为78.7%±3.5%;COD平均清除率为23.0%±5.3%;SS平均清除率为7.1%±2.0%)。因此,本实验环境下的循环海水养殖系统珊瑚石生物滤池在氨氮浓度为0.45~0.65 mg/L,DO浓度为5.0~7.0 mg/L时,对水体中的氨氮、COD、SS的综合处理效果最优。     

Joint Action of Ammonia and Nitrite on Tiger Prawn Penaeus monodon Postlarvae

Tiger prawn Penaeus monodon postlarvae (PL6) were exposed to a mixture of ammonia and nitrite by the static renewal method. When the toxicity ratio of the ammonia-nitrite mixture was 1:1, the 48 h, 72 h and 96 h LC50 values were 2.20, 1.43 and 0.84 toxicity units which were equivalent to 12.66 mg/L ammonia-N (0.60 mg/L NH₃-N) plus 14.91 mg/L nitrite-N, 8.23 mg/L ammonia-N (0.39 mg/L NH₃-N) plus 9.69 mg/L nitrite-N, and 4.83 mg/L ammonia-N (0.23 mg/ L NH₃-N) plus 5.69 mg/L nitrite-N. When the toxicity ratio of the ammonia-nitrite mixture was 51, the 48 h, 72 h and 96 h LC50 values were 2.50, 1.56 and 0.85 toxicity units which were equivalent to 23.98 mg/L ammonia-N (1.13 mg/L NH₃-N) plus 5.65 mg/L nitrite-N; 14.96 mg/L ammonia-N (0.71 mg/L NH₃-N) plus 3.52 mg/L nitrite-N, and 8.15 mg/L ammonia-N (0.39 mg/ L NH, N) plus 1.92 mg/L nitrite-N. A mixture of ammonia and nitrite exerted greater toxicity than high concentrations of either ammonia or nitrite alone. The combined effect of ammonia and nitrite on P. monodon postlarvae was antagonistic for 48 and 72 hours exposure, but synergistic after 96 hours exposure.     

Ammonia and pH effects on some metabolic parameters and gill histology of silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen (Heptapteridae)

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of ammonia exposure at different pH on survivorship and metabolic parameters in the liver, muscle and gill histology of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). The 96 h-LC50 of un-ionized ammonia (mg L^− 1) at pH 6.0, 7.5 and 8.2 were: 0.44 (C.I. 0.38–0.49), 1.45 (C.I. 1.25–1.65) and 2.09 (C.I. 1.85–2.36), respectively. Survival of juveniles exposed to different ammonia levels was altered by pH, and fish exposed to all ammonia levels and different pH showed muscle glucose, muscle and liver glycogen reduction. Liver glucose and muscle and liver lactate levels increased in all fish exposed to ammonia as compared to the control. Exposure to waterborne ammonia increased total ammonia levels in both tissues and also induced gill epithelium damages such as lamellar fusion and edema as compared with controls at different pH. Silver catfish exposed to pH 6.0 and different NH₃ levels presented significantly higher hepatic glucose and protein levels when compared to those maintained at low NH₃ levels. Juveniles exposed to NH₃ levels at pH 7.5 and 8.2 showed lower hepatic protein levels compared to those maintained at low NH₃ levels. These parameters are indicative of pH dependence on ammonia toxicity in silver catfish. The metabolic parameters and gill histology may be used as early indicators of ammonia toxicity in silver catfish.     

Acute Toxicity and Sublethal Effects of Nitrite on Selected Hematological Parameters and Tissues in Dark-banded Rockfish, Sebastes inermis

Acute toxicity and sublethal effects of nitrite in dark‐banded rockfish, Sebastes inermis (83.3 ± 7.2 g), were studied under static conditions for a period of 96 h. The acute toxicity of nitrite evaluated for the 96‐h lethal concentration (LC₅₀) was 700 mg/L. The sublethal effects on selected hematological parameters of S. inermis, such as total erythrocyte count (TEC), hemoglobin, plasma glucose, and serum protein content, were measured after 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of exposure to 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 700 mg/L of nitrite. Sublethal nitrite caused progressive reduction in the TEC, hemoglobin, and serum protein content in fish depending on the nitrite concentration and exposure period. The 96‐h exposure resulted in a 14–42% reduction in TEC and 25–33% reduction in hemoglobin content for 100–700 mg/L of nitrite compared to the control. A dose‐related reduction in plasma glucose (25.7–34.2%) was observed for concentrations of 200–700 mg/L of nitrite during 48 h of exposure, followed by an increase through 96 h. A significant reduction in serum protein (7.3–12.6%) was observed for 200–700 mg/L of nitrite after 96 h of exposure. Abnormal histological changes in skin, gill, liver, and kidney tissue were observed in fish exposed to 700 mg/L of nitrite after 96 h of exposure compared to the control. Although no mortality of S. inermis occurred at 500 mg/L of nitrite, all hematological parameters adversely responded to a nitrite dose of 200 mg/L for 96 h. These results showed that although acute toxicity concentration of nitrite in S. inermis is higher than 700 mg/L, sublethal concentrations of nitrite also negatively affect hematological parameters.     

Acute Effect of Ammonia and Nitrite on Respiration of Penaeus setiferus Postlarvae under Different Oxygen Levels

The white shrimp Penaeus setiferus is a potential species for culture in the Gulf of Mexico. It has been demonstrated that postlarval P. setiferus is a species sensitive to ammonia and nitrite. In this study, the effect of ammonia and nitrite on the oxygen consumption of Penaeus setiferus postlarvae subjected to different dissolved oxygen concentrations was investigated. Un-ionized ammonia tended to reduce the oxygen consumption of P. setiferus postlarvae. The addition of 0.4 mg/L un-ionized ammonia-N modified the response of the postlarvae to lower dissolved oxygen levels. Exposure to 0.7 mg/L un-ionized ammonia-N caused severe effects on the respiratory rate and it was lethal at low dissolved oxygen concentrations. Nitrite exposure decreased the respiratory rate of post-larvae in high dissolved oxygen concentrations, whereas postlarvae exposed to nitrite under hypoxic conditions showed higher oxygen consumption than unexposed animals. The decreases of the oxygen consumption induced by the interactive effect of ammonia or nitrite and low dissolved oxygen concentration indicate a harmful condition. The results indicate that P. setiferus postlarvae is a sensitive organism to the combined effect of un-ionized ammonia or nitrite and low dissolved oxygen concentrations.     

Possible Effects of Sodium Chloride Treatment on Quality of Effluents from Alabama Channel Catfish Ponds

Channel catfish ponds are treated with salt (sodium chloride) to increase chloride concentration and prevent nitrite toxicity in fish. A survey indicated that most farmers try to maintain chloride concentration of 50 to 100 mg/L in ponds by annual salt applications. Averages and standard deviations for selected water quality variables in salt-treated ponds were as follows: chloride. 87.2 ± 37.5 mg/L; total dissolved solids (TDS), 336 ± 96 mg/L; specific conductance, 512 ± 164 μmhos/cm. Maximum values were 189 mg/L for chloride, 481 mg/L for TDS, and 825 μmhos/cm for specific conductance. Good correlations between specific conductance values and both chloride and TDS concentrations suggest that specific conductance can be a rapid method for estimating concentrations of these two variables in surface water. The maximum limit for chloride concentration in Alabama streams allowed by the Alabama Department of Environmental Management is 230 mg/L. The usual recommended upper limit of TDS for protection of aquatic life in freshwater streams is 1,000 mg/L. Based on the observed relationship between TDS concentration and specific conductance in Alabama catfish ponds, 1,000 mg/L TDS corresponds to 1,733 μmhos/cm specific conductance. It is unlikely that effluents from salttreated catfish ponds would violate the in-stream chloride standard of 230 mg/L or harm aquatic life in streanis. Nevertheless, chloride concentrations in ponds should be measured before salt application as a safe guard against excessive salt application and chloride concentrations above the in-stream chloride standard.     

Information on Selected Water Quality Characteristics for the Production of Black Sea Bass,Centropristis striata,Juveniles

Abstract

Recent interest in the culture of black sea bass, Centropristis striata, has led to questions regarding the environmental requirements of this species for economically-viable production. Here, we present the results of short-term laboratory studies on ammonia toxicity, nitrite toxicity and oxygen consumption rates. Fifty percent of the juveniles died when exposed to 0.7-0.8 mg/L un-ionized ammonia-N for 24 hours (25°C, 23 g/L salinity). All exposed fish survived exposure to ≤ 0.6 mg/L un-ionized ammonia-N for 10 days. Black sea bass juveniles survived 24-hours exposure to 250 mg/L nitrite-N when exposed in 12 or 20 g/L salinity. Fish exposed for 24 hours to nitrite in 35 g/L salinity died when exposed to 250 mg/L nitrite-N, but survived exposure to 100 g/L nitrite-N. All fish exposed to 50 mg/L nitrite-N for 10 days survived (salinities of 12, 20 and 35 g/L). Mean oxygen consumption rate was 0.09 mg/hour/g (25°C). Fish weight significantly affected oxygen consumption rate with larger fish consuming less oxygen per unit time on a weight-specific basis. No treatment effect was observed due to salinity or dissolved oxygen concentration. The information reported here in combination with previous reports provides insight into the environmental requirements of black sea bass culture.