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1.
文章根据2012年9月~10月灯光罩网探捕调查的数据,分析了秋季南海中南部海域罩网的渔场分布和主要渔获组成。根据相对重要性指数(IRI),鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)和鲣(Katsuwonus pelamis)是优势种渔获,鲔(Euthynnus affinis)、扁舵鲣(Auxis thazard)和圆舵鲣(A.rochei)是重要种渔获,细鳞圆鲹(Decapterus macarellus)和长体圆鲹(D.macrosoma)等是常见种渔获。鸢乌贼、金枪鱼类和圆鲹属是居前3位的渔获类群,分别占总渔获量的48.35%、48.33%和0.98%,其中小型金枪鱼类占比47.77%;渔获率区域差异明显,西中沙海域411.47 kg·h-1,南沙海域25.66 kg·h-1,中心渔场位于12°30'N~15°30'N、110°30'E~115°00'E海域。结果表明,秋季依然是南海外海深水区灯光罩网主要的作业渔汛期,除了鸢乌贼和大型金枪鱼类以外,还需要加强外海小型金枪鱼类和圆鲹属鱼类的调查研究。  相似文献   

2.
南海北部灯光罩网渔获组成及其对渔业资源的影响   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8  
近年来,灯光罩网在南海区迅速发展,给南海区北部沿岸浅水域幼鱼资源增大了捕捞压力.为了查明南海区灯光罩网渔业的渔获组成及其对渔业资源的影响,2006年4月27日~5月2日在阳江沿海水域进行了灯光罩网海上渔获组成调查.研究结果表明:(1)主捕对象是趋光性鱼类和头足类,枪乌贼Loligo sp.、带鱼Trichiurus haumela、蓝圆鲹Decapterus maruadsi、康氏马鲛Scomberomorus commerson、刺鲳Psenopsis anomala、乌贼Sepia sp.、赤鼻棱鳀Thrissa kammalensis、乌鲳Formio niger、杜氏棱鳀Thryssa dussumieri和竹筴鱼Trachurus japonicus是南海北部灯光罩网的常见渔获种类;(2)幼鱼渔获比例高,损害海洋渔业资源严重;(3)网目尺寸小、灯光照度大和近岸渔场是导致幼鱼渔获比例高的主要成因.笔者建议规定最小网目尺寸和加强渔具管理.  相似文献   

3.
根据2011年春季南海中南部海域灯光罩网渔业海上调查数据,对南海中南部海域灯光罩网渔获组成、主要鱼种的生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明,鸢乌贼(Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis)是南海中南部灯光罩网的主捕鱼种,占绝对地位,优势胴长组为110~130 mm;其他主要鱼种有长体圆!(Decapterus macrosoma)、黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacaes)、鲔(Euthynnus affinis)和鲣(Katsuwonus pelami)。运用相对重要性指数(IRI)作为鱼种优势度的度量指标,得出灯光罩网渔获优势种只有鸢乌贼一种,IRI 值高达19418.013(IRI≥1000),重要种有2种,长体圆!和黄鳍金枪鱼,IRI 值分别为176.731和175.703(1000﹥ IRI≥100)。灯光罩网是南海捕捞中上层鱼类的主要作业方式之一,发展前景好,应合理开发,实现南海渔业的更好发展。  相似文献   

4.
基于灯光罩网法的南海鸢乌贼声学评估技术研究   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
杨权  李永振  张鹏  汤勇  陈国宝  张俊 《水产学报》2013,37(7):1032-1039
南海中南部深水海域蕴藏着丰富的鸢乌贼资源,为推动南海外海渔业资源开发,实验探索了灯光罩网与声学手段相结合的鸢乌贼资源量评估方法。根据2011年4—5月在南沙群岛海域灯光罩网和Simrad EY60科学鱼探仪同步采集鸢乌贼生物学和声学数据,对鸢乌贼的趋光性行为、种群结构、声学映像和分布水层等特征进行分析。结果表明,灯光诱集结合罩网采样可确定南海鸢乌贼的单体回波,分布于0~100 m水层;通过背景噪声消除、鱼类和浮游动物目标限定、单体目标检测等处理,确定鸢乌贼现场目标强度-67~-52 dB;选择鸢乌贼渔获比例较大的网次,统计得到鸢乌贼胴长10.4~14.2 cm,对应目标强度-60.7~-58.0 dB,胴长与目标强度经验公式为TS=21.23LogML-82.48。研究认为,声学与灯光罩网相结合的调查方法可以作为南海今后开展鸢乌贼资源量评估的基本方法。  相似文献   

5.
浙江南部外海头足类种类组成和数量分布   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
根据2006年5月、8月、11月和2007年2月浙江南部外海底拖网渔业资源调查资料,用渔获率作为资源分布的数量指标,对浙江南部外海头足类种类组成、数量分布、季节变化趋势作了定量分析。结果表明:浙江南部外海调查海域头足类种类有36种,其中:群体数量较大,经济价值较高的常见种有杜氏枪乌贼、剑尖枪乌贼、中国枪乌贼、长蛸、针乌贼、真蛸、神户乌贼、珠乌贼、罗氏乌贼、短蛸、椭乌贼、太平洋褶柔鱼、多钩钩腕乌贼等13种。调查海域以夏季头足类资源密度较高,数量分布主要集中在100~200 m水深的外侧海域;秋季和冬季尽管头足类资源数量在下降,但其数量的地理分布与夏季相近;而春季分布较密集的区域则在80~200 m水深海域。年间不同水深海域的头足类资源密度是80~100 m水深海域低于100~200 m水深海域。与近海渔场相比,浙江南部外海调查海域头足类种类多而且资源较丰富,其渔获量仅次于鱼类,是浙江南部外海底拖网的主要捕捞对象,特别是枪乌贼科的种类是今后可供底拖网作业开发利用的主要渔业资源之一。  相似文献   

6.
沈长春 《福建水产》2012,34(4):302-308
根据2009—2010年闽南-台湾浅滩渔场单船拖网作业监测调查资料和生产统计数据,阐明单船拖网作业的渔业地位、渔场分布、网具类型,着重分析该作业渔获种类组成及主要捕捞对象的资源动态。结果表明:单船拖网作业产量位居闽南-台湾浅滩渔场各种海洋捕捞作业的首位,大吨位、大功率渔船数量连续多年不断增长;渔具型式以有翼单囊网具为主;部分渔船使用的拖网网囊尺寸远远低于国家标准;带鱼、二长棘鲷幼鱼损害现象较为严重;秋季8—10月蓝圆鲹和鲐鱼群体绝大多数个体可达到最小可捕规格。调查研究结果还表明,2002年以来单船拖网渔业资源结构已发生较大变化,生命周期短、营养级较低的蟹类、枪乌贼类、乌贼类和虾类资源渔获比重显著增长;原优势种类绿布氏筋鱼资源已出现严重衰竭;二长棘鲷资源量逐年减少,渔获群体明显趋向小型化、低龄化。  相似文献   

7.
灯光罩网渔船兼作金枪鱼延绳钓捕捞试验   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
2015年3月~4月利用"粤电渔42212"灯光罩网渔船在南沙北部海域开展了金枪鱼延绳钓捕捞试验。延绳钓试验以不影响灯光罩网的正常作业为前提。试验期间,灯光罩网作业40晚,放网297次,平均渔获率336.4kg·h-1,总渔获质量129.6 t,鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)占85.31%,黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacaes)占0.21%。延绳钓作业7次,放钩2 700枚,总渔获质量1 281.6 kg,剑鱼(Xiphias gladius)和黄鳍金枪鱼分别占72.88%和11.16%;延绳钓平均上钩率和CPUE分别为25.74尾·千钩-1和427.48 kg·千钩-1,其中黄鳍金枪鱼为1.90尾·千钩-1、52.74 kg·千钩-1,剑鱼为3.76尾·千钩-1、291.86 kg·千钩-1。试验证明,金枪鱼延绳钓和灯光罩网的渔场分布恰好一致,作业时间没有冲突。相比发展专业钓船,罩网渔船兼作延绳钓具有投资金额少、生产成本低的优势。建议通过探捕拓展和延长外海渔期,并研究解决金枪鱼保鲜问题。  相似文献   

8.
为更深入了解南海外海鸢乌贼的渔场渔期及单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)变化特征,研究基于广义加性模型(GAM),利用海上实测数据分析了多种因素对南海中南部海域鸢乌贼() CPUE的影响。研究发现:(1)最佳GAM模型的影响因素包括经纬度、月相、海表温度SST、月份、作业时间与0~50 m温度梯度Δ50,以方差解释率降序排列,前三种因素依次为经纬度、月相、SST;(2)10°~12° N、112°~114° E附近海域鸢乌贼CPUE最高;(3)月黑夜与月光夜间的鸢乌贼CPUE存在显著性差异,月黑夜显著高于月光夜;(4)鸢乌贼渔场的最适SST范围为29.00~29.49℃,此范围内CPUE与渔获量均为最高;(5)不同月份间的鸢乌贼CPUE存在显著性差异,且8、9月的CPUE高于3、4月;(6)鸢乌贼CPUE随作业时间先变大后变小,最大值出现在凌晨1时;(7)Δ50在0.100~0.149℃/m时CPUE最高,0.000~0.049℃/m时渔获量最大。  相似文献   

9.
福建光诱鱿鱼敷网生产情况和渔获组成调查研究报告   总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1  
本文就2001年福建海区鱿鱼旺讯期间在闽狮渔2403号船和闽狮渔2565号船上进行海上生产、渔获种类组成及有关的生物学等方面的调查,报告了当年该作业的生产情况:单位平均夜产364.72kg,平均网产60.96kg。鱿鱼平均夜产233.96kg,平均网产39.1kg,最高夜产1935kg。总渔获中鱿鱼占64.15%,鱼类占35.85%;渔获种类35种,其中头足类9种、鱼类25种、甲壳类1种。样品抽样及渔捞日记中体现,主捕的枪乌贼中主要是杜氏枪乌贼、中国枪乌贼和火枪乌贼三种,兼捕的鱼类中鲐、Shen鱼类占93.61%,带鱼占5.74%。  相似文献   

10.
南海北部深海区灯光罩网渔获物组成及渔获率的时空分布   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
根据2015年南海北部深海区春季和秋季灯光罩网探捕数据,对南海北部深海区灯光罩网渔获物组成、优势种叉长(胴长)分布及其渔获率分布等进行了分析。结果显示:本次调查共渔获92种,隶属于15目44科,其中春季40种,秋季72种,两季共有种类20种;优势种(相对重要性指数IRI≥1000)春、秋两季均为鸢乌贼(Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis)和圆舵鲣(Auxis tapeinosoma);重要种(1000 IRI≥100)春季为日本乌鲂(Brama japonica)和鳞首方头鲳(Cubiceps squamicepoides),秋季仅日本乌鲂一种;常见种(100 IRI≥10)春季为扁舵鲣(Auxis thazard)、长体圆鲹(Decapterus macrosoma)和菱鳍乌贼(Thysanoteuthis rhombus),秋季为白点叉鼻鲀(Arothron meleagris)和黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacora)。优势种鸢乌贼胴长分布和圆舵鲣叉长分布春、秋两季均存在较大差异,鸢乌贼胴长分布春季相对偏大,而圆舵鲣则秋季相对偏大;渔获率春秋两季差异较大,春季渔获率平均为460. 73kg·h~(-1),秋季平均为152. 45 kg·h~(-1),春季除C20站外,渔获率较高的站位主要集中于邻近菲律宾站位,秋季则主要集中在海南岛东侧邻近站位。鸢乌贼出现频率高,最高渔获率出现在春季的C8站,为391. 30 kg·h~(-1);圆舵鲣则出现频率相对较低,最高渔获率出现在春季的C20站,高达5 815. 39kg·h~(-1)。  相似文献   

11.
台湾海峡中南部海域光诱敷网渔业资源监测   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
本文根据2007—2008年台湾海峡中南部海域光诱敷网渔业监测调查资料,分析该渔场光诱敷网渔业利用状况及主要渔获种类资源动态。监测调查结果表明:光诱敷网作业生产汛期为6—10月,旺汛期6—8月;监测调查船年总渔获产量85~88t,主捕种类枪乌贼、鲐鱼、金色小沙丁鱼的渔获量分别约占总渔获量的35%、30%和20%。枪乌贼、鲐鱼、金色小沙丁鱼均属于生命周期短,生长快,资源补充量大的中上层种类,是多种作业的主要利用对象,目前枪乌贼、鲐鱼资源现状仍然保持相对良好,但在强大捕捞压力下,容易捕捞过度引起年间渔获量大幅度波动,因此对其资源应加以保护。  相似文献   

12.
Abstract The space and depth distribution of the bottom-line fisheries on the continental shelf of south-east Brazil were analysed, and an attempt was made to identify the areas and depths where fishing effort is concentrated to delimit the main fishing grounds. Four main fishing grounds were identified based on the effort and catches between 1975 and 1985. These were, in decreasing order of importance: north of Espírito Santo state, near the Abrolhos archipelago; adjacent to Rio de Janeiro state, under the influence of Cabo Frio upwelling; north of São Paulo state, encircling Alcatrazes archipelago; and the outer edge of the Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo state continental shelves, between the Guanabara and Sepetiba bays. The concentration of the fisheries, the greater catches and the best productivity indices were found in outer and deeper areas along the edge of the continental shelf. There was a concentration of fishing effort and higher catches in deeper grounds, from the north to the south of the regional fishing area. The bathymetric distribution of the fisheries showed that they intensified from 30 m depth to the outer edge of the continental shelf. The fishery productivity indices increased towards a depth of 50 m, but fell thereafter. Fishing activities were lowest during the winter season for the whole region, but intensified during the summer-autumn or spring-summer seasons.  相似文献   

13.
利用G IS分析中西太平洋金枪鱼围网渔场的时空变动   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
根据中西太平洋1984~2003年金枪鱼围网渔业的渔获量统计资料,利用G IS定性分析方法和数值分析方法对中西太平洋海区的金枪鱼围网渔场的时空变动进行研究。研究结果表明:1984年到1991年,CPUE值在12.0~17.3 t/(d.n)之间;1992年至2003年,CPUE值在19.1~27.9 t/(d.n)之间,两个阶段的CPUE差异显著;Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ类渔场基本上全部分布在5°S~5°N、140°E~180°之间,但Ⅲ类渔场在南半球略往东延伸,在10~5°S、155°~160°E之间也有分布;Ⅳ、Ⅴ类渔场则分布在Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ类渔场的周边,其中Ⅳ类渔场主要位于东经地区,Ⅴ类渔场主要位于西经地区。  相似文献   

14.
The Patagonian longfin squid Loligo gahi undertakes horizontal ontogenetic migrations on the Falkland shelf: juveniles move from spawning grounds located in shallow, inshore waters (20–50 m depths) to feeding grounds near the shelf edge (200–350 m depths). Immature squid feed and grow in these offshore feeding grounds and, upon maturation, migrate back to inshore waters to spawn. The possible influence of environmental factors on L. gahi migrations was investigated using data from oceanographic transects, crossing the region of known L. gahi occurrence. They were made from the inshore waters of East Falkland eastwards to depths of 1250 m on a monthly basis from 1999 to 2001. Four main water types were found in the region: Shelf, Sub‐Antarctic Superficial and Antarctic Intermediate water masses, and Transient Zone waters. The inshore spawning grounds occur in the Shelf Water mass, whereas the feeding squid (medium‐sized immature and maturing individuals) were associated with the Transient Zone. The 5.5°C isotherm appeared to mark the limit of squid distribution into deeper waters in all seasons. Seasonal changes in water mass characteristics and location were found to be important for seasonal changes in L. gahi migrations on the Falkland shelf.  相似文献   

15.
广西灯光罩网渔船是开发南海外海的主要力量之一。文章采用广西渔船船位监控系统记录的2013年2月~5月广西灯光罩网渔船在南海外海的生产数据,计算各渔区捕捞努力量占同期外海总捕捞努力量的比例作为渔区生产集中程度的指标,据此将渔区按渔船生产集中程度归类为作业高密集区、密集区、低密集区和生产外围区等4类。结果表明,高密集区和密集区的捕捞努力量占总量的2/3以上,构成渔船在南海外海的主要渔场。主要渔场范围包括27个渔区,多分布于南沙海区北部海域,太平岛周围海域是生产集中程度最高的区域。同时分析了灯光罩网主要渔场分布变动情况,讨论当前南海外海渔业开发的态势和存在问题,提出了南海外海渔业生产管理和发展的对策和建议。  相似文献   

16.
Entrainment and transport of larval fish assemblages by the East Australian Current (EAC) were examined from the coastal waters of northern New South Wales (NSW) to the western Tasman Front, via the separation of the EAC from the coast, during the austral spring of 2004. Shore‐normal transects from the coast to the EAC off northern NSW revealed an inner shelf assemblage of near‐shore families (Clupeidae, Engraulidae, Platycephalidae and Triglidae), an EAC assemblage dominated by Myctophidae and Gonostomatidae, and a broadly distributed assemblage over the continental shelf dominated by Scombridae and Carangidae. Further south and after the EAC had separated from the coast, we observed a western Tasman Front assemblage of inner shelf and shelf families (Clupeidae, Engraulidae, Serranidae, Scombridae, Carangidae, Bothidae and Macroramphosidae). The abundance of these families declined with distance from the coast. Surprisingly, there was no distinctive or abundant larval fish assemblage in the chlorophyll‐ and zooplankton‐enriched waters of the Tasman Sea. Water type properties (temperature‐salinity, T‐S), the larval fish assemblages and family‐specific T‐S signatures revealed the western Tasman Front to be an entrained mix of EAC and coastal water types. We found an abundance of commercially important species including larval sardine (Sardinops sagax, Clupeidae), blue mackerel (Scomber australasicus, Scombridae) and anchovy (Engraulis australis, Engraulidae). The entrainment and transport of larval fish from the northern inner shelf to the western Tasman Front by the EAC reflects similar processes with the Gulf Stream Front and the Kuroshio Extension.  相似文献   

17.
春季东海区近海浮游动物群落结构及其影响因子   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
研究了 2 0 0 3年春季东海区 (2 7°0 0′~ 34°0 0′N)禁渔线附近近海浮游动物群落结构及其影响因子。根据各站位浮游动物种类组成和丰度 ,用聚类分析法可将该海域的浮游动物分为 5个群落。群落Ⅰ的优势种为 :中华哲水蚤、强额拟哲水蚤、尖额唇角水蚤和强壮箭虫 ;群落Ⅱ的优势种为 :中华哲水蚤、小哲水蚤和小拟哲水蚤 ;群落Ⅲ的优势种为 :中华哲水蚤、亚强真哲水蚤、普通波水蚤 ;群落Ⅳ的优势种为 :中华哲水蚤和五角水母 ;群落Ⅴ的优势种为 :孔雀唇角水蚤、丹氏纺缍水蚤、中华哲水蚤和刺尾纺缍水蚤。另外 ,在春季影响该海域浮游动物分布的主要非生物因子的可集中体现在纬度因子方面。  相似文献   

18.
西沙群岛重要珊瑚礁海域鱼类区系   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
根据1998年5月、1999年5月和2003年5月在西沙群岛北礁、永兴岛、琛航岛、华光礁、浪花礁、金银岛、东岛和玉琢礁等8个岛礁的调查资料,研究了西沙群岛岛礁水域的鱼类区系。在8个岛礁共捕获鱼类48科261种,其中礁栖性鱼类占78.93%,在8个岛礁广泛分布的鱼类只有33种,各礁区之间种类的相似度不超过41%,因此,种类多样性高和相似度低是该区域鱼类区系的2个主要特征。与南沙岛礁(1998~1999)延绳钓、刺网和手钓以及南沙群岛西南陆架区(1991)、南海北部海域等底拖网鱼类相比较,物种相似度分别为34.0%、5.1%和6.8%。  相似文献   

19.
  1. Iberian Atlantic waters are heavily exploited by Spanish and Portuguese fisheries. Overlaps between fishery target species and cetacean diet, and between fishing grounds and cetacean foraging areas, can lead to cetacean–fishery interactions including bycatch mortality of cetaceans.
  2. The present study assesses cetacean distribution, habitat preferences and hotspots for cetacean–fishery interactions by using a cooperative research approach with stakeholder participation (fishers, fisheries observers, fisheries authorities, scientists), as well as the combination of different opportunistic data sources (interviews, on‐board observations). The usefulness of each data type is evaluated. The implications of results for the monitoring and mitigation of cetacean–fishery interactions are discussed.
  3. Generalized linear models and GIS maps were used to relate cetacean occurrence patterns to environmental variables (geographic area, water depth, coastal morphology) and to fishing activities (fishing grounds, fisheries target species).
  4. Common and bottlenose dolphins were the most frequently sighted species, the former in waters >50 m, frequently from purse seiners and trawlers, and the latter particularly inside the south Galician rías and close to vessels operating further offshore in Portuguese waters. Harbour porpoises were seen over the whole continental shelf, often next to beach seines, while long‐finned pilot whales and striped dolphins were mostly seen from vessels fishing offshore.
  5. Results suggest that cetacean occurrence is linked to prey distribution and that interactions with fisheries are most likely for common dolphins (with coastal purse seines and offshore trawls), bottlenose dolphins and harbour porpoises (coastal nets). The different data sources were complementary and provided results broadly consistent with previous studies on cetacean occurrence in the same area, although sightings frequency for some cetacean species was biased by survey method. Opportunistic sampling has certain restrictions concerning reliability, but can cover a wide area at comparatively low cost and make use of local ecological knowledge to yield information required for cetacean conservation.
Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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