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1.
团头鲂微卫星标记的快速制备   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10       下载免费PDF全文
采用磁珠富集法与放射性杂交相结合开发团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)基因组微卫星资源。以团头鲂基因组DNA为材料,经Sau 3AⅠ限制性内切酶消化后,选取400~900bp的片段进行PCR全基因组扩增,并利用生物素标记的(CA)15探针进行微卫星片段的富集。将得到的片段与T载体连接后转入DH5α大肠杆菌中,然后利用γ-32P标记的放射性同位素探针进行第二轮杂交。结果表明,共获得微卫星基因组文库2000个菌,杂交前菌落PCR检测阳性克隆率为50%;杂交后得到的阳性克隆为230个,占11.5%。从得到的230个阳性克隆中挑出120个进行测序,有94个克隆含有重复次数大于5次的微卫星序列,其中46个(48.94%)有随机侧翼区,可以设计引物;14个缺乏足够的侧翼序列。在得到的微卫星序列中,重复单元除CA/GT外,还观察到CT、AG、CG、CAA、CTCA等重复单元。在单一型标记中,完美础占53.15%,非完美型为37.84%;混合型标记占9.01%。另外,微卫星重复次数主要集中在5-30次,占75.68%。本研究旨在对团头鲂基因组资源的开发利用起到一定的促进作用,并为团头鲂养殖品系的优化、遗传多样性的检测及遗传图谱的构建等奠定基础。  相似文献   

2.
磁珠富集法分离草鱼微卫星分子标记   总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26  
孙效文 《水产学报》2005,29(4):482-486
磁珠富集法是一种快速、高效的分离微卫星分子标记的方法。本研究通过该方法分离草鱼的微卫星分子标记。将草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)基因组DNA经Sau3AI酶切,同收纯化400~900bp片段,连上接头,构建“基因组PCR文库”。用生物素标记的简单重复序列(CA)15作探针与其杂交,杂交复合物结合到包被有链霉亲和素的磁珠上,经一系列的洗涤过程,去除磁珠表面不含有微卫星的片段。将吸附在磁珠上的片段洗脱,PCR扩增放大,再进行克隆和测序,根据微卫星两端的保守序列设计引物,即可得到微卫星分子标记。本研究义通过同位素标记的探针(CA)15进行二次杂交筛选,获得阳性克隆132个,所得到的阳性克隆经测序,86.36%含有微卫星序列,共获得130个微卫星DNA序列。用引物设计软件Primer Premier5.0没计引物83对。  相似文献   

3.
磁珠富集法制备大口鲶的微卫星分子标记   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
通过磁珠富集的方法分离大口鲶(Silurus meriaionalis)的微卫星分子标记。将基因组DNA酶切,梯度离心收集400~900bp片段并纯化,连接Brown接头,用生物素标记的寡核苷酸(CA)15作探针与其杂交,杂交复合物结合到包被有链霉亲和素的磁珠上,然后将这些片段洗脱,PCR扩增,进行克隆构建“基因组文库”,再通过同位素标记的探针(CA)15进行2次杂交筛选,所得到的阳性克隆测序。从所获得593个阳性克隆中选取178个经测序,97.19%(173个)含有微卫星序列,90.60%重复数在10以上,75.98%为完美型。除探针中使用的CA重复单元外,还观察到Cr、GA、ATG的重复序列。设计获得120对微卫星引物,合成40对经PCR筛选,结果31对引物扩增出多态性条带。显示出,磁珠富集法是获得微卫星分子标记的一种有效的方法,可成为今后发展该标记的主要方法。同时,制备出的微卫星标记可为今后研究大口鲶的分子遗传育种提供有用的遗传标记。  相似文献   

4.
应用磁珠富集法构建兰州鲇( Silurus lanzhouensis) CAG重复和GATA重复的微卫星文库,并分析其序列特征。兰州鲇基因组DNA经MseI酶切,选取200~800 bp的片段与生物素标记的探针(CAG)8和(GATA)6杂交,捕获到含有微卫星序列的目的DNA片段连接到pMD19-T载体,转化到大肠杆菌DH5α菌株中构建微卫星富集文库,经PCR检测筛选出阳性克隆进行测序。从126个阳性克隆中随机选取96个进行测序,获得59个微卫星序列( GenBank登录号: KJ545973~KJ545998, KJ598088~KJ598120)。其中完美型31个(52.54%)、非完美型20个(33.9%)、混合型为8个(13.56%)。根据侧翼序列,成功设计48对引物,选取25对微卫星引物在10个个体进行扩增与多态性筛选,共获得10对多态性引物。结果表明,经优化的磁珠富集法能够高效地获得兰州鲇微卫星标记,这些标记将为兰州鲇种质资源保护、微卫星连锁图谱构建、经济性状的QTL定位及分子标记辅助选育奠定基础。  相似文献   

5.
合浦珠母贝微卫星DNA标记分离与分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用生物素标记的(CA)15、(AG)12、(ACA)15、(GATA)8、(GATT)75个探针和磁珠富集法构建马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii Dunker)基因组微卫星富集文库。随机挑选500个进行PCR筛选,得到138(27.6%)个候选克隆,测序分析发现130个克隆含有微卫星基重复单元。进一步通过序列比对,最终获得109个具有特异微卫星序列的阳性克隆,其中包含179个微卫星DNA结构域。获得的微卫星序列中,属于完全型序列的有154条,不完全型重复型序列有19条,复合型重复序列有6条。序列长度为70~490bp,平均295bp。微卫星核心序列两碱基重复3到39次,绝大多数序列重复次数大于10。基于微卫星两端的侧翼序列设计并获得了13对能够在马氏珠母贝基因组有效扩增的微卫星引物。本研究旨为进一步开展马氏珠母贝分子育种及资源评价分析提供基础资料。  相似文献   

6.
磁珠富集法与小片段克隆法筛选鲤微卫星的比较研究   总被引:44,自引:10,他引:34  
用2种方法克隆黑龙江鲤(Cyprinus(Cyprinus)carpio haonatopterus)的微卫星序列。这2种方法分别是:①经典的小片段DNA克隆库,用末端标记的[γ^-32]ATP的CA重复序列为探针筛选;②将酶切获得的小片段DNA用结合有磁珠的并连接有15个CA重复序列的生物素进行富集,获得的含有CA重复的DNA片段并经过两次PCR扩增再克隆的方法获得富集微卫星片段的克隆库。从前一个方法的克隆库中筛选2000个菌落,获得阳性克隆45个,有22个含有微卫星,完美型的占63.6%,非完美型的占22.7%,混合型的占13.7%,重复次数超过10的有9个,占40.9%;从方法②的克隆库中筛选2600个菌落,获得阳性克隆1300个,测序其中的390个克隆,微卫星314个,完美型的占79.0%;非完美型的占14.3%;混合型的占6.7%,重复次数超过10的有293个,占93.3%。结果表明,用生物素结合磁珠富集法克隆微卫星效率高,成本低,所获微卫星质量高,是一种值得推荐的微卫星制备方法。  相似文献   

7.
牙鲆基因组 (CAG)n微卫星 DNA 特征分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
通过磁珠富集法筛选牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)的微卫星分子标记,采用限制性内切酶Sau 3A Ⅰ对牙鲆完整基因组DNA进行酶切;通过蔗糖溶液梯度离心,收集400~900 bp大小的片段,连接Brown接头,构建牙鲆基因组文库.用生物素标记的微卫星探针(CAG)15,对基因组文库进行杂交,利用磁珠富集含有微卫星的DNA单链序列,并对其进行PCR扩增;将扩增产物连接到pMD18-T载体后转入感受态大肠杆菌DH5α中,得到微卫星序列文库.利用大量质粒检测法进行二次筛选,成功地从牙鲆基因组中分离出含有CAG重复的微卫星序列,测序其中的3000个单菌落,获得2805个(占93.5%)含有微卫星序列的克隆,其中含有微卫星座位3120个,完美型1808个,占57.97%;非完美型226个,占7.25%;混合型1085个,占34.78%.从中选出186个微卫星序列设计120对引物并合成,经过筛选,74对引物可扩增清晰条带,其中68对呈多态性.  相似文献   

8.
日本蟳微卫星富集文库的建立与多态性标记的筛选   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
采用磁珠富集法筛选日本蟳微卫星分子标记。日本蟳基因组DNA经Sau3 AⅠ酶切后,收集400~1 200 bp大小的片段并纯化,利用生物素标记的寡核苷酸探针(AC)15从中筛选出含有微卫星序列的DNA片段,连接到pMD18-T载体中,构建富集微卫星序列的基因组文库,经PCR检测筛选出阳性克隆进行测序。从随机挑选的970个菌落中筛选出369个阳性克隆进行测序,结果86.99%(321个)含有微卫星序列,其中完美型占80.54%,非完美型占15.95%,混合型占4.28%。除使用的探针AC重复外,还得到GA、CT等重复序列。共设计出102对微卫星引物,其中65对能扩增出清晰条带,27对具有多态性。同时筛选出的微卫星标记可为今后研究日本蟳的分子遗传育种提供有效的遗传标记。  相似文献   

9.
磁珠富集法筛选虾夷扇贝微卫星序列   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15       下载免费PDF全文
采用生物素-磁珠吸附微卫星富集法,筛选虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)微卫星分子标记,并用同位素法进行二次筛选。结果在筛选的192个菌落中获得136个阳性克隆,经测序分析,获得微卫星序列179个,其中完美型占50.8%,非完美型43.0%,混合型占6.1%。除探针中使用的CA重复外,还得到TC、AG、ACA、CTAT的重复序列。用引物设计软件Primer Premier5.0设计引物85对,挑选其中的40对合成并进行筛选。  相似文献   

10.
贾舒雯  刘萍  韩智科  李健  潘鲁青 《水产学报》2011,35(12):1787-1794
采用人工合成的生物素标记(AG)15探针及磁珠富集法构建了脊尾白虾基因组微卫星富集文库.将脊尾白虾基因组DNA经HaeⅢ酶切后,收集400 ~1 200 bp片段,连接特定接头,与生物素标记(AG)15探针杂交并捕获含有微卫星的DNA片段,然后连接到pMD18-T载体中,构建脊尾白虾微卫星富集文库.随机挑取947个克隆,经菌落PCR检验,其中667个为阳性克隆.从阳性克隆中随机选取184个克隆进行测序,有150个克隆含有微卫星序列,共获得199个微卫星序列,其中完美型158个(79.4%),非完美型27个(13.6%),复合型14个(7.0%).根据微卫星序列,设计了119对微卫星引物,64对扩增出稳定的具有特异性的条带,经30个脊尾白虾个体进行多样性评价后,有26个位点表现出多态性.26个微卫星位点获得的等位基因数从3 ~ 16个不等,平均每个位点扩增得到6.5个等位基因.观测杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(4)及多态性信息含量值(PIC)的范围分别为0.111 ~ 0.929、0.246 ~0.932、0.231 ~0.909.本研究开发的微卫星位点将为脊尾白虾种群多样性研究、家系识别和种质鉴定提供有效的工具.  相似文献   

11.
12.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

13.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

14.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

15.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

16.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

17.
18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

19.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

20.
  1. Humanity is facing a biodiversity crisis, with freshwater-associated biodiversity in a particularly dire state. Novel ecosystems created through human use of mineral resources, such as gravel pit lakes, can provide substitute habitats for the conservation of freshwater and riparian biodiversity. Many of these artificial ecosystems are subject to a high intensity of recreational use, however, which may limit their biodiversity potential.
  2. The species richness of several taxa (plants, amphibians, dragonflies, damselflies, waterfowl, and songbirds) was assessed and a range of taxonomic biodiversity metrics were compared between gravel pit lakes managed for recreational fisheries (n = 16) and unmanaged reference lakes (n = 10), controlling for non-fishing-related environmental variation.
  3. The average species richness of all the taxa examined was similar among lakes in both lake types and no substantial differences in species composition were found when examining the pooled species inventory. Similarly, there were no differences between lake types in the presence of rare species and in the Simpson diversity index across all of the taxa assessed.
  4. Variation in species richness among lakes was correlated with woody habitat, lake morphology (surface area and steepness), and land use, but was not correlated with the presence of recreational fisheries. Thus, non-fishing-related environmental variables had stronger effects on local species presence than recreational fisheries management or the presence of recreational anglers.
  5. Collectively, no evidence was found that anglers and recreational fisheries management constrain the development of aquatic and riparian biodiversity in gravel pit lakes in the study region; however, the conservation of species diversity in gravel pit lakes could benefit from an increasing reliance on habitat enhancement activities.
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