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1.
植酸酶对黄河鲤鱼生长性能及植酸磷代谢的影响   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
选用120尾当年鱼种,体重50.10±1.43g,随机分为四组:对照组、Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组,每组 30尾、对照组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮+500U植酸酶,Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮+1000U植酸酶, Ⅲ组饲喂基础日粮+1500U植酸酶。结果表明:与对照组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组鲤鱼的平均日增重、平均日 采食量都有升高,而饵料系数、死亡率都降低了。而且,饲料中添加植酸酶,提高了植酸磷的利用率, 减少饲料中无机磷的添加量,减少植酸磷对养殖水体的污染。本试验证实:在黄河鲤鱼的饲料中添加 植酸酶可促进鲤鱼的生长和提高植酸磷的利用率。  相似文献   

2.
植酸酶对鲤鱼生长及磷利用率的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
选用300尾体重为50 g左右的鲤鱼鱼种,随机分为5组:对照组、Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组。对照组饲喂基础饲料,Ⅰ组饲喂每千克添加1500 U植酸酶的基础饲料,Ⅱ组饲喂每千克添加3000 U植酸酶的基础饲料,Ⅲ组饲喂每千克添加4.5 g Ca(H2PO4)2的基础饲料,Ⅳ组饲喂每千克添加8.9 g Ca(H2PO4)2的基础饲料。结果显示:饲料中添加3000 U/kg和1500 U/kg植酸酶显著地促进了鲤鱼生长,降低了饲料系数,提高了饲料中磷的利用率。与对照组相比,3000 U/kg和1500 U/kg植酸酶组鲤鱼的增重率分别提高61.06%和52.81%,鲤鱼对饲料中磷的表观消化率分别提高65.63%和61.65%,粪磷含量分别下降24.58%和22.88%。本试验表明:植酸酶可以显著地促进鲤鱼的生长和提高磷的利用率。  相似文献   

3.
植酸酶对3种植物性原料中植酸磷含量的影响   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
利用微生物植酸酶分别对3种植物性原料(豆粕、玉米蛋白粉、小麦)进行酶处理,研究不同浓度植酸酶作用下3种植物性原料中植酸磷含量的变化。3种原料分别有6组处理(植酸酶对照0 U/kg,柠檬酸对照,500U/kg,750 U/kg,1000 U/kg,1500 U/kg),每组处理3个重复。结果表明:植酸酶能够显著降低3种植物性原料中植酸磷的含量(P<0.05),同时提升有效磷的含量。通过对磷当量的分析,本试验中以植酸酶组1000 U/kg最为经济有效。植酸酶对照组中植酸磷含量也有所下降,说明柠檬酸单独对植酸起到了一定的分解作用。  相似文献   

4.
植酸酶对金鳟体成分及金鳟椎骨中钙、磷含量的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用喷涂法和预处理两种方法,在豆粕型金鳟饲料中添加不同浓度的植酸酶,通过90 d的饲喂试验,研究植酸酶对金鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum)体成分及其椎骨中钙、磷含量的影响。结果显示:喷涂法和预处理法添加植酸酶的处理组与对照组相比,粗蛋白、粗脂肪的含量均有所下降;喷涂法添加植酸酶的处理组的鱼体粗灰分、磷和钙含量均高于对照组,其中,喷涂法添加1500 U/Kg植酸酶组鱼体磷含量、灰分含量和钙含量显著高于对照组(P(0.05),且此组鱼体磷高于其它试验组;喷涂法各组椎骨中粗灰分、磷含量较对照组提高显著(P(0.05),2500 U/kg植酸酶组椎骨磷含量最高,椎骨中钙含量除D1和D8组外,添加植酸酶的处理组均较对照组提高显著(P(0.05)。预处理法添加植酸酶的处理组与对照组相比,鱼体和椎骨中粗灰分、磷和钙含量均有显著提高(P(0.05),但植酸酶试验组间椎骨中粗灰分、磷含量和钙含量差异均不显著(P(0.05)。结果表明,金鳟饲料喷涂法添加植酸酶1500~2500 U/kg浓度最适,预处理法添加植酸酶500 U/kg浓度较为宜。  相似文献   

5.
通过喷涂和预处理两种方法将不同浓度植酸酶添加到豆粕型金鳟(Oncorhynchus mykissW albaum)饲料中,研究了植酸酶对金鳟粪磷及养殖水环境中磷含量的影响。金鳟粪磷分析结果显示,喷涂法添加植酸酶,对照组中粪磷含量最高,其他各试验组较对照组差异显著(P<0.05),但500~2000 U/kg组中粪磷含量差异显著(P<0.05),2500~6000 U/kg组中粪磷含量无显著差异(P(0.05);预处理法添加植酸酶,对照组粪磷含量最高,其他各试验组粪磷含量较对照组降低显著(P<0.05),但添加植酸酶的各试验组之间差异不显著(P(0.05)。通过水中磷含量试分析结果显示,无论是喷涂法添加植酸酶还是预处理法添加植酸酶,各试验组水体总磷含量分别较其对照组差异不显著(P(0.05),各试验组的活性磷含量均未检出。实验结果表明,金鳟饲料中添加植酸酶可以降低粪磷含量,对养殖生产过程中控制磷的排放,减少磷污染具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

6.
植酸酶对肉鸡血液生化指标的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
试验探讨了植酸酶对肉鸡血液生化指标的影响。选用1日龄的健康肉仔鸡270只,随机分成6个处理组,每个处理设5个重复,每个重复9只肉仔鸡。分别为试验Ⅰ组(对照组)、试验Ⅱ组(植酸酶100 mg/kg)、试验Ⅲ组(植酸酶200 mg/kg)、试验Ⅳ组(植酸酶300 mg/kg)、试验Ⅴ组(植酸酶400 mg/kg)和试验Ⅵ组(植酸酶500 mg/kg)。采用阶梯式笼养,试验期6周。试验结果表明:肉鸡日粮中添加植酸酶可使肉鸡血清中总超氧化物歧化酶活力和总抗氧化能力显著提高;对血钙、血氯、血钾含量影响较小,而血清中血磷含量显著升高。  相似文献   

7.
植物性饲料中,磷主要是以植酸及其盐的形式存在。而植酸、植酸盐被公认为是饲料中的抗营养因子,植酸酶可以解除植酸的抗营养作用,使无机磷的用量大幅度降低,降低鱼体粪便排泄物中磷的含量,提高鱼类增重率,改善动物生产性能。由于鱼体内缺乏分解植酸的植酸酶,大量未被鱼体利用的植酸磷随着粪便排出体外,造成磷资源的浪费和环境的污染,从而使水中溶氧含量起伏变化、水质恶化、鱼体生病或鱼肉带异味,造成巨大的经济损失。本试验初步探讨植酸酶对异育银鲫生长及植酸磷降解的影响,从而为植酸酶和无机盐在鱼类配合饲料中的合理应用提供理论和试验依据。  相似文献   

8.
饲料中添加植酸酶对南美白对虾生长及磷利用率的影响   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
在半精制饲料中分别添加1000IU/kg、2000IU/kg、3000IU/kg的植酸酶以及2%Ca(H2PO4)2,以不添加外源磷及植酸酶组为对照,研究以植物蛋白为主要蛋白源的饲料中添加植酸酶对南美白对虾生长和磷消化率的影响。40天的养殖实验结果表明,饲料中添加2%Ca(H2PO4)2,能提高南美白对虾的增重率,但与对照组无显著差异。饲料中添加1000IU/kg植酸酶组的南美白对虾增重率达到最高,但与其它各组没有显著差异。饲料的磷消化率在2%Ca(H2PO4)2组达到最高,蛋白质消化率在各组之间没有明显差异。综上所述,饲料中添加1000IU/kg植酸酶即能有效改善南美白对虾的生长和磷利用率,降低磷排泄。  相似文献   

9.
刘建明  伏秀梅 《畜禽业》2004,(11):27-27
植物中含有相当多的植酸,而植酸易与磷结合形成植酸磷,生猪、家禽植物性饲料中植酸磷约占植酸盐总量的50%~80%。但由于缺乏内源性植酸酶,猪、禽不能吸收和利用饲料中的植酸磷,而需添加外源性无机磷来满足其对磷的需求,这导致日粮中大量的植酸磷被浪费,且未被利用的植酸磷随动物粪便排出体外后,将造成土壤以及地下水中磷的积聚,成为危害极大的环境污染源。植酸酶是一种新型的饲料添加剂,通过它对植酸磷的水解,可提高猪、禽对日粮中磷的吸收和利用率,从而达到降低饲料成本,提高动物生产性能及减轻饲养场周围环境的磷污染等作用。国家《1996—…  相似文献   

10.
近年来,随着水产养殖业的快速发展,水产饲料行业也迅猛的发展起来,对植酸酶在虹鳟饲料中的作用也有了新的认识。植酸酶能水解植酸最终释放出无机磷,日粮中添加植酸酶可以提高水产动物对植物原料中磷的利用率并减少粪便中磷的含量。植酸在中性pH值条件下,具有极强的螯合能力,  相似文献   

11.
Abstract.– Juvenile channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (initial weight: 6.8 g/fish) were fed four practical diets containing 0, 250, 500, and 750 units of microbial phytase/kg and a diet containing 1% feed grade dicalcium phosphate (but no microbial phytase) under laboratory conditions for 12 wk. Fish fed the diets containing 250 units of microbial phytase/kg and above consumed more feed, gained more weight, and had a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) in comparison to fish fed the basal diet containing no microbial phytase. Fish fed the diet containing dicalcium phosphate had intermediate weight gain and feed conversion ratio as compared to fish fed the basal diet and diets containing microbial phytase. Bone ash and phosphorus concentrations were lower for fish fed the basal diet than for fish fed other diets. No differences in weight gain, feed consumption, FCR, bone ash and bone phosphorus were observed among fish fed the diets containing various levels of microbial phytase. Fish fed the diet containing dicalcium phosphate had a lower bone phosphorus concentration than fish fed diets containing microbial phytase. Fecal phosphorus concentrations were lower for fish fed the diets containing microbial phytase than for fish fed the basal diet and the diet containing dicalcium phosphate. Results from the present study indicated that addition of 250 units of microbial phytase/kg to practical diets can effectively improve bioavailability of phytate phosphorus to channel catfish and may possibly eliminate the use of an inorganic phosphorus supplement in channel catfish diets. However, these data must be verified in trials conducted in ponds, prior to recommending removal of supplemental phosphorus from channel catfish diets.  相似文献   

12.
A feeding trial was conducted to quantify the effects of phytase at levels of 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, and 8,000 units (U) per kg diet on utilization of dietary protein and minerals by fingerling (12 g) channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus fed an all‐plant‐protein diet composed of soybean meal, corn, and wheat middlings. The effects of phytase on dephosphorylation of phytic acid (phytate) in the alimentary tract of catfish also were determined. After 14 wk, mean weight gains (30.2–43.9 g/fish), feed conversion ratios (2.27–2.40 g feed consumed/g weight gain), protein efficiency ratios (1.47–1.61 g weight gaid/g protein consumed), and dietary protein retentions (23.8–26.7%) did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) among treatment groups. A digestibility trial conducted after the feeding trial showed no difference (P > 0.05) in mean digestibility of diet dry matter (49.0–58.3%) or crude protein (85.4‐88.5%) among treatment groups. Concentrations of ash (46.7–48.6%), calcium (Ca, 17.9–18.5%), phosphorus (P, 9.1–9.5%), and manganese (Mn, 65.5–74.1 mg/kg) were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) in bone of fish fed ≥ 500 U/kg than in bone of fish fed 0 U/kg (ash, 43.5%; Ca, 16.4%; P, 8.4%; and Mn, 49.0 ma/kg), but concentrations of these minerals did not differ (P > 0.05) in bone of fish fed ≥ 500 Uk/g. The magnesium (Mg) content of bone did not differ (P > 0.05) between fish fed 0 U/kg (0.29%) or 500 U/kg (0.34%), but was significantly lower in fish fed 0 U/kg than in fish fed ≥ 1,000 U/kg (0.35–37%). Bone Mg levels did not differ (P > 0.05) among fish fed ≥ 500 U/kg. The amount of zinc (Zn) in bone of fish fed 8,000 U/kg (153.3 mg/kg) was significantly higher than that in fish fed 0 U/kg (115.7 mg/kg) or 500 U/kg (130.3 mg/ kg), but did not differ from Zn levels in bone of fish fed 1,000–4,000 U/kg (134.5–135.8 mg/ kg). Dephosphorylation of phytate occurred primarily in the stomach within 2–8 h after diet ingestion, depending on the level of phytase supplementation. Initial levels of total phytate in the diet decreased 32–94% in stomach contents of fish fed l,000–8,000 U/kg within 2 h after feeding. Eight hours after feeding, stomach contents of fish fed ≥ 1,000 U/kg contained less than 6% of initial total dietary phytate. Stomach contents of fish fed 500 U/kg retained 92% of initial total dietary phytate 2 h after feeding and 15% of total dietary phytate 8 h after feeding. Results of this study indicate that phytase supplementation at levels up to 8,000 U/kg diet did not increase weight gain or improve dietary protein utilization of channel catfish fed an all‐plant‐protein diet. Addition of phytase at a level of 1,000 U/kg diet was sufficient to significantly increase the Ca, P, Mg, and Mn content of bone, relative to fish fed an unsupplemented diet, and significantly decrease the quantity of total phytate in feces. A phytase level of 8,000 U/kg diet significantly increased the bioavailability of naturally occurring Zn in feed ingredients and increased the rate of phytate dephosphorylation in the stomach, compared with a diet containing no added phytase. Increased utilization of naturally occurring minerals in feed ingredients reduces the need for mineral supplements in diets and results in decreased elimination of minerals in feces. Thus, use of phytase in catfish feeds can be expected to provide both economic and environmental benefits.  相似文献   

13.
A 10-wk feeding trial was conducted in the laboratory during which channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (average initial weight: 6.5 g/fish) were fed five practical diets containing either 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000, or 4,000 units of microbial phytase/kg diet. Fish fed diets containing 500 or more units of microbial phytase/kg consumed more feed and gained more weight than fish fed the basal diet without supplemental phytase. Feed conversion ratios (FCR) did not differ among treatments except the FCR for fish fed 1,000 units of microbial phytase/kg diet was lower than that of fish fed no supplemental phytase. Fish survival was not different among treatments. Contrast analysis showed that weight gain, feed consumption, bone ash, and bone phosphorus were higher and feed conversion ratio was lower for fish fed diets supplemented with phytase as compared to fish fed no supplemental phytase. The concentration of fecal phosphorus decreased linearly as phytase supplementation increased. Results from this study demonstrate that microbial phytase is effective in improving bioavailability of phytate phosphorus to channel catfish, which may eventually lead to a reduction in the amount of supplemental phosphorus added to commercial channel catfish feeds.  相似文献   

14.

以鱼粉、豆粕、菜粕等为蛋白原料设计配方, 磷酸二氢钙的添加量分别为1.5%1.0%0.5%0(对应的饲料组为P1.5PP1.0PP0.5PP0), 其中PP1.0PP0.5PP0组中均添加200 mg/kg的中性植酸酶, 开展为期8周的黑鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegelii)养殖实验, 以探讨中性植酸酶替代磷酸二氢钙对黑鲷生长和磷利用的影响。结果显示, 黑鲷摄食实验饲料8周后, 各组间成活率无显著差异(P>0.05); 摄食饲料PP1.0PP0.5和对照组(P1.5)实验鱼的增重率无显著差异(P>0.05), 但均显著高于PP0处理组, 饲料系数则显著低于PP0处理组(P<0.05)。摄食不同饲料的黑鲷全鱼中蛋白质、脂肪、灰分及钙磷含量在不同组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。添加植酸酶的各组鱼磷的表观消化率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。随着磷酸二氢钙添加量的降低, 黑鲷对干物质和蛋白质的表观消化率呈升高的趋势, 当饲料中磷酸二氢钙的添加量降到0, 黑鲷对干物质和蛋白质的表观消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。以上结果说明, 在本研究配方下, 黑鲷正常生长对饲料有效磷的需求量0.51%; 磷酸二氢钙可部分被植酸酶替代, 当黑鲷饲料中含有20%鱼粉、32%豆粕和12%菜粕, 且植酸酶添加量为200 mg/kg, 与饲料中添加1%的磷酸二氢钙相当; 在不影响黑鲷生长的前提下, 植酸酶部分替代磷酸二氢钙不仅可降低无机磷的添加, 同时可提高饲料中磷的利用率, 降低磷排放。

  相似文献   

15.
In the majority of experiments, the effects of phytic acid (with or without phytase) are not separated from the effects of adding plant meals containing phytic acid. A 12‐week experiment was conducted with Atlantic salmon (28.9 g) to determine the separate and combined effects of phytic acid and phytase on feed intake, trypsin activity, digestibility and growth. Diets were prepared without phytic acid and phytase; with 2000 U phytase kg?1 diet; with 10 g sodium phytate kg?1 diet; and with 10 g sodium phytate and 2000 U phytase kg?1 diet. The basal diet contained sufficient phosphorus and other minerals to meet salmonid requirements. The addition of phytic acid had no significant effect on feed intake or weight gain, it significantly (P < 0.05) reduced protein digestibility although there was no reduction in trypsin activity. Phytase inclusion neutralized the effect of phytic acid on protein digestibility. Phytase had no effect on feed intake but significantly enhanced growth whether included with or without phytic acid. Feed efficiency ratio was significantly improved for fish fed the diet containing both phytase and phytic acid but not separately. The significance of this experiment was to separate the direct effects of phytase and the direct effects of phytic acid, added in a pure form, from effects due to other components in ingredients containing phytic acid.  相似文献   

16.
The efficacy and tolerance of a novel microbial 6‐phytase were investigated in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Reference diets were sufficient in available phosphorus (P). The test diet limiting in available P was supplemented with phytase at 500, 1000, or 2000 phytase units/kg feed. The enzyme was effective in increasing total P apparent digestibility coefficient in relation to increasing the dose of phytase in rainbow trout and Nile tilapia. Zinc apparent digestibility improved in relation to phytase supplementation in rainbow trout. P release due to phytase supplementation ranged from 0.06 to 0.18% P/kg feed in rainbow trout and from 0.13 to 0.26% P/kg feed in Nile tilapia. A 58‐d performance trial was conducted to evaluate tolerance of fish to phytase supplementation. Dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet without phytase or supplemented with 2000 and 200,000 phytase units/kg feed. Results indicate that this novel microbial 6‐phytase is well tolerated by fish. Significant improvements for growth as well as feed conversion ratio were observed when the phytase was fed at 2000 phytase units/kg feed. This phytase is proven efficient in releasing P from phytate and could be added when plants are used for fish meal replacement in diets for salmonid and omnivorous fish.  相似文献   

17.
植酸酶对肉鸡生产性能和胴体品质及肉质性状的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了研究植酸酶不同添加量对肉鸡生长和胴体品质的影响。选择2周龄青脚麻鸡142只,随机分成4组。试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组用500g/t植酸酶分别代替60%、70%和80%的磷酸氢钙,试验Ⅳ组为对照组。试验结果表明:用植酸酶取代60%的磷酸氢钙,肉鸡的日增重和饲料报酬均优于其它试验组和对照组(P<0.05)。添加植酸酶后,肉鸡的屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率、腿比率和胸肌率与对照组相比较无显著差异;熟肉率、滴水损失率等肉质指标与对照组比较亦差异不显著,而肉的嫩度第Ⅲ组劣于其它各组。综上所述,在肉鸡日粮中以500g/t的植酸酶代替60%的磷酸氢钙可以提高肉鸡的生长性能,是最佳的替代比例。而对屠宰性能和肉质无明显影响。  相似文献   

18.
Several experiments were conducted to determine the effects of phytase on dietary phosphorus (P) utilization by striped bass Morone saxatilis fed high phytate diets. The experiments were designed to determine the effectiveness of various dietary levels of a dry or liquid phytase concentrate incorporated in diets to improve the P utilization of striped bass. Fish were fed various basal diets containing over 700 g kg?1 plant feed ingredients and 4.9–7.1 g kg?1 P and 1.5–1.7 g kg?1 non-phytin P. A diet supplemented with potassium monophosphate (PMP) and containing 9 g kg?1 total P and 6 g kg?1 non-phytin P with no added phytase was the positive control. The dietary treatments were assigned to duplicate tanks and diets were fed to juvenile striped bass for up to 14 weeks. The effectiveness of the phytase treatments was determined by measuring weight gain, feed conversion, serum, scale and vertebral calcium and P, as well as P absorption. Apparent P absorption was determined using 5 g kg?1 chromic oxide as an indigestible marker in the diet. In experiment one, significant improvements (P < 0.05) were found in scale and vertebral phosphorus concentrations with 2400 Phytase Units (PU) kg?1 (PU is the quantity of enzyme which liberates one micromole of inorganic P per minute from 0.015 tool L?1 sodium phytate at 37°C and pH 5.5) added to the diet. In experiment two, significant differences were observed between serum phosphorus in the phytase and no-phytase groups, while there were no differences between the positive control (PMP supplemented) and the phytase-treated fish. It was concluded that 2400 PU kg?1 of enzyme resulted in bone mineralization and serum phosphorus concentrations equal to that observed with 13 g kg?1 dietary PMP addition (9 g kg?1 total P).  相似文献   

19.
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of phytase on growth, apparent phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), and copper (Cu) absorption, and apparent protein digestibility by striped bass Morone saxatills fed a high phytate diet. In experiment one, four diets with graded levels of phytase supplementation, 0, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 phytase units/kg of diet (PUkg), and a diet supplemented with inorganic P (positive control, total P, 0.73%; phytin P, 0.35%) were assigned to duplicate tanks, and were fed to fingerling striped bass for 16 wk. A digestibility trial was conducted at weeks 16–18, using 0.5% Cr2O3 as an indigestible marker in the diets. Phytase was sprayed post-extrusion on the basal diet (P-total, 0.58%; P-phytin, 0.35%). Experiment two consisted of a 2-wk digestibility trial with three treatments: 0 (basal; total P, 0.73%; phytin P, 0.34%), 1,000, and 2,000 PU/kg, assigned to four, three and three replicate tanks respectively. Each tank contained an average of 20 striped bass (mean weight: 400 9). The diet used was similar to the basal in experiment one, which was modified to have low essential trace mineral concentrations, in order to increase the sensitivity of the assay. In experiment one, significant improvements (P≤ 0.05) in growth, feed conversion ratios, and vertebral and scale ash concentrations of fish at the end of the experiment were achieved with either added inorganic P or increasing phytase supplementations. Results from both digestibility trials indicated that P absorption was improved with the addition of at least 500 PUkg. Absorptions of Ca and Fe were significantly increased (P≤ 0.05) and Zn absorption marginally improved (P≤ 0.06) when at least 2,000 PU/kg was supplemented to the diet. Protein digestibility, Mg and Cu absorption were not significantly different in any treatment. Whole carcass P retention was significantly improved with the addition of 1,000 PU/kg, and 2,000 PU/kg, when compared to fish fed the basal diet, 500 PU/kg and positive control treatments. Results from these experiments indicate that phytase supplementation of at least 1,000 PU/kg is adequate to maintain growth rate and health comparable to an inorganic P supplemented diet. In addition, bioavailability and utilization of P is increased with increasing phytase supplementation. Diet supplementation of 2,000 PU/kg increased Ca, Fe, and Zn digestibility by striped bass fed a high phytate diet.  相似文献   

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