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1.
探讨轮虫群落结构及与水质环境因子之间的关系,为合理开发济南地区水资源以及水环境污染治理提供可靠依据。2014年5月(春季)、8月(夏季)和10月(秋季)分别对济南地区19个站点采样调查,分析不同季节轮虫群落结构的分布特征,应用香农维纳指数和均匀度指数评价济南地区水质健康状况,典范对应分析法判定影响轮虫群落结构的主要环境因子。济南地区水体共鉴定出轮虫17属38种,以龟甲轮属和臂尾轮属为主,春季、夏季和秋季轮虫种类分别为30、17和9种,轮虫密度平均值为114.4、10和8.3个/L。轮虫污染指示种20种,其中寡污带3种、寡污至β中污型5种、β中污性8种、α中污型2种、β-α中污型2种;轮虫污染指示种类占总种类数的52.63%,密度占77.99%;春季出现污染指示种15种,夏季和秋季分别为11种和8种。春季的优势种为卵形彩胃轮虫,夏季的优势种为萼花臂尾轮虫,秋季的优势种为萼花臂尾轮虫、卜氏晶囊轮虫、前节晶囊轮虫。香农维纳指数平均值分别为2.67、1.38和1.20;均匀度指数平均值分别为0.66、0.41和0.35。典范对应分析结果,主要影响南部、中部和北部地区轮虫群落结构的环境因子,春季为总氮、氨氮和硬度,夏季为高锰酸钾,秋季为总磷。综合评价济南地区水生态呈中度污染。  相似文献   

2.
通过对山东省济南流域19个采样点位的轮虫进行调查研究并利用轮虫香农维纳指数、均匀度指数对济南水质进行评价,结果表明:济南流域共鉴定出轮虫种类17属30种,主要以龟甲轮属和臂尾轮属为主。轮虫密度2.0~453.0ind./L,平均值为114.4ind./L。轮虫香农维纳指数和均匀度指数都具有显著的空间分布规律,香农维纳指数范围为0.917~3.644,平均值为2.752;均匀度指数范围为0.857~1.608,平均值为0.881。济南流域轮虫香农维纳指数和均匀度指数相对较低,通过综合分析认为济南流域水体受到不同程度污染。  相似文献   

3.
于2015年春季(5月)和秋季(10月)分别对北运河水系40个站点进行了野外采样调查,分析了春、秋两季轮虫群落结构的特征,以此评价北运河水系的健康状况,并找出影响该水系轮虫群落结构的主要水环境因子。调查结果显示:北运河水系共鉴定出轮虫44种,主要以臂尾轮虫属为主;春季和秋季的物种数平均值分别为10.58种和6.55种,优势种分别为8种和3种,轮虫密度平均值分别为103.43个/L和36.75个/L,香农威纳指数平均值分别为2.39和2.08,均匀度指数平均值分别为0.64和0.59。研究分析结果表明:溶解氧和总氮分别是春季、秋季影响北运河水系轮虫群落结构的主要环境因子;北运河水系河流生态系统呈中度污染。  相似文献   

4.
于2014年夏季对济南南部山区5个水库进行采样调查,应用轮虫群落香农维纳指数评价济南南部山区水库水体健康状况,结果表明:济南南部山区水库共鉴定出轮虫种类11种,东阿水库轮虫物种和密度最高,轮虫物种为5种,密度为19.50ind./L,东阿水库香农维纳指数平均值为2.36,均匀度指数平均值为0.83。综合分析表明,济南南部山区水库水体为中度污染。  相似文献   

5.
为了解济南地区水域浮游动物群落结构特征,于2015年春季(5月)和秋季(11月)对济南地区水域24个采样点位进行了采样调查。结果表明,两季节共鉴定出浮游动物50种,春季浮游动物共计4类46种,以枝角类为主,平均密度为3 421.67ind./L;秋季浮游动物共4类34种,以轮虫为主,平均密度为1 686.67ind./L。春季浮游动物香农威纳指数平均值为1.89,均匀度指数平均值为0.76,秋季浮游动物香农威纳指数平均值为1.92,均匀度指数平均值为0.74,典范对应分析结果显示:春季总硬度和电导率是影响浮游动物群落的主要环境因子,秋季总氮和氨氮及总碱度是影响浮游动物群落的主要环境因子。通过综合分析得出结论,济南地区水域呈中度污染。  相似文献   

6.
为了解北运河浮游动物群落结构特征,于2019年春季、夏季和秋季对北运河水系的17个点位进行了调查.运用香农威纳指数进行水体评价.结果表明:春季、夏季和秋季采集到物种分别为75种、75种和56种,密度平均值分别为121.88个/L、295.34个/L和57.47个/L,生物量平均值为0.36 mg/L、1.10 mg/L和1.12 mg/L,香农威纳指数平均值分别为2.05、1.46和1.70,均匀度指数平均值分别为0.53、0.46和0.67.整体分析来看,北运河水体呈中度污染.  相似文献   

7.
为了研究济南地区河流大型底栖动物群落结构特征,分别于2014年春季(5月)、夏季(8月)和秋季(11月)对济南地区河流24个样点的大型底栖动物进行了野外调查,并采用物种多样性指数进行水质初步评价。结果显示:春季、夏季和秋季分别采集到大型底栖动物45种、35种和33种;底栖动物密度平均值分别为2.49×10~3、0.56×10~3和1.03×10~3 ind·m-2;香农威纳指数三个季节平均值分别为1.33、1.37和1.17;均匀度指数平均值分别为0.55、0.67和0.59。综合分析初步表明,济南地区河流水质总体受到中度污染。  相似文献   

8.
于2014年秋季对济南地区水域的底栖动物的进行设点采样调查,并利用底栖动物香农维纳多样性指数和均匀度指数对水质进行评价。结果表明:济南地区水域共鉴定出底栖动物3门10目33种,以节肢动物门和软体动物门为主。底栖动物平均密度为865.42个/m2,底栖动物香农维纳指数和均匀度指数较低,平均值分别为1.28和0.67。综合各项指标评价认为济南流域秋季水质污染较为严重,为中度污染,应加大保护力度。  相似文献   

9.
以济南2015年和2016年的春季(5月)、夏季(8月)、秋季(11月)的11个采样点位的轮虫为研究对象,对轮虫群落的物种组成、物种多样性以及水体健康状况进行研究,结果表明:2015年春季和2016年夏季采集到的轮虫物种数最高.两年中各季节采集到的轮虫物种数平均值范围在2.00~8.00种,密度平均值范围在10.55~171.61 ind./L,香农威纳指数平均值范围在1.36~2.16,均匀度指数平均值范围在0.58~0.82.综合分析后,可以判断出济南市2015年和2016年水体整体为中度污染.  相似文献   

10.
为探究城市湖泊浮游动物群落结构特征和分布与水环境因子之间的关系,并评价南昌市典型城市湖泊夏季水质状况,运用多维尺度分析(MDS)和典范对应分析(CCA)方法,对南昌3个城市湖泊———东湖、青山湖、月亮湖的轮虫和甲壳类浮游动物群落进行了研究,分析了浮游动物的多样性指数。结果表明,轮虫是夏季城市湖泊中浮游动物的优势类群,优势度(Y)大于0.02的浮游动物分别为剪形臂尾轮虫(Brachionus forficula)、裂足臂尾轮虫(Brachionus diversicornis)、萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)、桡足类无节幼体(Copepoda nauplii)和卜氏晶囊轮虫(Asplanchna brightwelli);3个湖泊之间浮游动物的群落结构差异显著(P <0.05),明显划分为东湖群落、青山湖群落和月亮湖群落。叶绿素 a 浓度、浊度和溶氧是浮游动物分布的显著影响因子(P <0.05)。多样性指数评价显示,东湖为清洁型水体,青山湖为清洁-中污型水体,月亮湖为轻污-中污型水体。综合评价表明,东湖和青山湖水体为寡营养水平,月亮湖为中富营养水平。  相似文献   

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12.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

13.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

16.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

17.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

18.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

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20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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