不同光强及培养方式对日本品系裙带菜克隆生长影响的研究

在不同的光照强度下进行日本品系裙带菜雌性克隆充气悬浮培养及静置培养的生长对比实验。结果表明：4500Lx光照强度、充气悬浮培养条件下，裙带菜配子体克隆具有较高瞬时生长率。     

海水不同消毒方式对海带配子体克隆生长发育的影响

通过5种海水不同消毒方式对海带配子体克隆生长发育进行试验,结果表明:无论是静置还是充气条件下,煮沸海水培养的配子体克隆生长最快,盐酸消毒的海水次之,次氯酸钠消毒海水最差,紫外线消毒和臭氧介于其间。煮沸和紫外线消毒海水中的海带配子体克隆发育率较高,2者非常接近,盐酸消毒和臭氧消毒海水中的海带配子体克隆发育也较高,而次氯酸钠消毒海水中的海带配子体克隆发育非常缓慢。试验证明除煮沸消毒外,盐酸消毒海水可以用于海带配子体克隆扩大培养。     

温度对“901”海带配子体克隆生长的影响

温度是影响“901”海带配子体克隆生长最重要的环境因子之一。试验结果表明，在15％条件下，配子体克隆的生长速度最快，其致死温度为25℃。在相同的环境条件下，细胞数基本相同的雌、雄配子体克隆的生长速度相近。     

光照强度和光照周期对笼目海带配子体发育的影响

通过设置不同的光照强度和光照周期,在实验室条件下检测了笼目海带(Kjellmaniella crassifolia Miyabe)配子体的发育情况。结果显示:光照强度及光照周期均对笼目海带配子体的发育率有显著的影响(P0.05)。结果表明:1)在光照强度条件不同、其他培养条件相同的情况下,经过4周的发育,5～80μmol·m~(-2)s~(-1)条件下大部分配子体进入了生殖生长状态,发育率为60%～80%,其中20～40μmol·m~(-2)s~(-1)光照强度条件下生殖生长明显快于其他组。2)在光周期不同、其他培养条件相同的情况下,培养第12～25天时,20L∶4D条件下发育率为6.68%～69.87%,发育率与16L∶8D实验组差异不显著,但显著大于其余组。培养第32天,光照时间最长的处理组即20L∶4D的发育率(74.54%)最高,且孢子体细胞列数最多。本研究为笼目海带配子体规模化扩增及育苗提供了数据参考。     

利用深井海水进行海带配子体克隆育苗试验

以海带配子体克隆为试验对象,研究了深井海水对海带配子体克隆生长、发育的影响,并利用深井海水进行了克隆育苗试验.试验结果表明,利用深井海水培养海带配子体克隆,配子体生长速度较自然海水稍慢,但深井海水可促进配子体发育,加快孢子体的形成,缩短育苗时间,而且利用深井海水进行克隆育苗可取得较好效果.综合考虑克隆培养效果及降低育苗成本,克隆育苗可采取自然海水与深井海水交替使用的模式进行.     

褐藻酸降解菌对海带配子体克隆的作用及其药物防治研究

通过回染实验，确认褐藻酸降解菌是海带配子体克隆病害的主要致病菌；观察了对其海带配子体克隆细胞侵染的现象，并研究了抗生素对海带配子体克隆细胞和褐藻酸降解菌的作用，发现0．5－100mg/L青霉素对配子体克隆细胞的生长有一定促进作用，实验范围内各浓度青霉素对褐藻酸降解菌均有较好的抑菌效果，且抑菌效果随浓度的提高而加强。其中100mg/L青霉素10d内可将褐藻酸降解菌浓度降低到初始浓度的1／20以下，可作为海带配子体克隆保存中有效的抑菌药物。     

铁离子对海带配子体克隆系生长发育的影响

为了探究Fe³⁺在不同氮、磷条件下对海带（）配子体生长发育的影响，以海带''黄官1号''雌、雄配子体克隆系为材料，以含有不同浓度的氮（N）、磷（P）营养盐的灭菌海水为培养液，添加不同浓度（0μmol/L、0.36 μmol/L、3.60 μmol/L、8.90 μmol/L、17.80 μmol/L）的铁离子（Fe³⁺），通过测定光系统Ⅱ的最大荧光产量（）观察配子体营养生长状况，通过计算发育率（包括卵囊形成率、排卵率、幼苗形成率）观测配子体发育与生殖状况。结果显示，N、P浓度分别为0.825 mmol/L、0.0336 mmol/L的条件下，浓度为3.60 μmol/L的Fe³⁺对海带配子体营养生长阶段的促进作用最大；在不同N、P浓度条件下，Fe³⁺浓度为3.60~17.80 μmol/L时能够提高海带配子体的最大荧光产量，且各浓度组之间没有显著性差异（3+能够促进海带配子体由营养生长转向生殖生长，Fe³⁺浓度为3.60~17.80 μmol/L时可显著促进海带配子体的生殖生长，且各浓度组之间没有显著性差异（>0.05）；即使N、P浓度达到0.825 mmol/L、0.0336 mmol/L，在无铁条件下所有的海带配子体维持在营养生长状态；即使Fe³⁺浓度达到3.60 μmol/L，在N、P浓度0.007 mmol/L、0.0003 mmol/L条件下，大部分海带配子体（65%）维持在营养生长状态，虽然小部分海带配子体（35%）进入了生殖生长状态，但生殖生长明显滞后于实验中的其他各个N、P浓度组。本研究表明，铁和N、P营养盐对海带配子体的营养生长和生殖生长具有协同促进作用，铁是海带配子体由营养生长到发育成熟再到有性生殖过程中的关键因素；在添加适宜浓度的氮（0.275 mmol/L）、磷营养盐（0.0112 mmol/L）条件下，浓度为3.60 μmol/L的Fe³⁺对海带配子体的生长发育促进作用最大。该结果可为提高海带育苗效率提供理论依据。     

光对海带雌、雄配子体 lhcf5 和 lhcf6 基因相对转录量的影响

利用实时荧光定量PCR(Q-RT-PCR)方法分析了在不同光照强度、光质及有利于配子产生的条件下,lhcf5和lhc6基因在海带(Laminaria japonica)雌、雄配子体中转录量的变化.不同光照强度条件下(光源为白光),lhcf5和lhcf6基因在黑暗中接近不转录;雌配子体在光照强度40 μmol·m-2·s-1时转录量最高,而雄配子体的最岛转录量出现在80μmol·m-2·s-1的光照强度处;高于此光照强度,2个基因的转录量都会随光照强度增加而降低.相对于同强度的白光来说,红光照射无论是短时间(3 d)还是长时间(7 d),都会促进2个基因的相对转录水平;蓝光对雌配子体中2个基因转录的促进作用不明显,而对它们在雄配子体中的转录有一定的促进作用.将海带配子体从营养生长转至有利于配子发生的条件下,雌、雄配子体lhcf5和lhcf6基因在第1天的转录最都明显增加;雌配子体在第4天以及第12天(lhcf6)或第14大(ljcf5)均显著增加,第6天及第10天接近不转录;雄配子体在第8天及第14天增加,第10天也近似不转录;发育阶段其他时间内的转录量都低于营养生长期的.结果表明,海带配子体lhcf5和lhcf6的转录受光诱导,其中红光的促进作用最明显;其转录可能因有利于配子体细胞叶绿体结构的完善及物质与能量的积累而利于细胞分裂与营养生长.     

盐度对笼目海带配子体生长发育的影响

通过设置培养液的不同盐度,在实验室条件下检验了笼目海带(Saccharina sculpera)在不同盐度的培养液中配子体生长发育情况。结果显示,在盐度20～30的条件下,笼目海带配子体大部分(60%～80%)进入了生殖生长状态,且其中50%以上为多细胞孢子体；在盐度35的条件下,大部分(80%～90%)笼目海带配子体维持在营养生长状态,虽然有小部分(7.30%)配子体进入了生殖生长状态,但生殖生长明显滞后于盐度20～30处理组。在盐度为40和45的培养条件下,所有海带配子体维持在营养生长状态。根据试验结果,建议将笼目海带配子体育苗的盐度保持在20～30。     

海带配子体克隆育苗的关键技术

海带配子体克隆育苗生产技术工艺包括克隆的扩增培养、采苗及幼苗培育3部分。从生产应用的角度总结并探讨了海带克隆育苗工艺中各环节的关键技术。     

条斑紫菜丝状体悬浮培养研究

通过光强、光时的实验、比较了在悬浮培养条件下，光对条斑紫菜丝状体生长的影响，探讨并初步确定了丝状藻丝悬浮培养适宜的光强，光时条件。与此同时，还比较了悬浮培养和静置培养的实验结果。显示前者的丝状藻丝有比后者高得多的生长率，更适合于生产性应用。     

Genetic characterization of a spontaneous green-type pigmentation mutant of Porphyra yezoensis and the significance of using heterozygous conchocelis in nori farming

ABSTRACT: In order to characterize the spontaneous green-type pigmentation mutant of Porphyra yezoensis , growth and contents of photosynthetic pigments were compared with those of the wild type in gametophytic blades. The growth of the green mutant was slower than that of the wild type. The content of phycoerythrin was markedly lower in the green mutant than in the wild type. For genetic analysis, the green mutant was crossed with the wild type. In the cross, the heterozygous conchocelis (the wild-type color) produced many sectored F ₁ gametophytic blades, which were composed of both parental colors. The segregation ratio by counting the wild-type sectors and the green-type sectors of the F ₁ blades was approximately 1 : 1. This suggests that the green mutant is governed by a single recessive gene. All the monospore germlings from the sectored F ₁ gametophytic blades that originated from the heterozygous conchocelis developed into single-colored blades with either the green color or the wild-type color. The advantages of using heterozygous conchocelis (hybrid conchocelis) and monospores from F ₁ gametophytic blades that originated from the heterozygous conchocelis in commercial farming of Porphyra yezoensis are detailed and discussed.     

Growth rate differences between four Chilean populations of edible seaweed Chondracanthus chamissoi (Rhodophyta,Gigartinales)

The effects of temperature, photon flux density and photoperiod on the growth rate of female gametophytic and tetrasporophytic thalli of Chondracanthus chamissoi from four populations along the Chilean coast were studied in vitro. Both reproductive phases survived and grew under all the conditions tested, with growth rates varying between 0.1 and 7.5% day^?1. The results showed higher growth rates with increases in temperature and photon flux density levels. The growth rate was higher in female gametophytic thalli in almost all treatments. The photoperiod did not cause significant differences in the growth rate for either reproductive phases in any of the populations studied. Temperature was the principal factor affecting the growth rate of C. chamissoi.     

印度产紫菜Pyropia chauhanii的细胞学观察

本文对印度产紫菜Pyropia chauhanii不同生活史阶段的染色体进行了系统细胞学观察。用卡诺氏固定液分别对室内培养的P. chauhanii各生活史阶段的活体组织进行固定后，置有光照处使组织色素体褪至约无色，用醋酸铁苏木精染色液对组织作染色和压片处理后进行显微观察。观察结果表明：叶状体阶段的营养细胞、精子囊内未成熟精子和果胞均为单倍核型（n=3）；丝状体阶段的果孢子、丝状体的营养细胞和膨大细胞均为双倍核型（2n=6）；由丝状体产生的壳孢子在萌发初期发生减数分裂后，由双倍核型（2n=6）变成了单倍核型（n=3）。当叶状体发生单性生殖产生丝状体时，游离出来的类果孢子发生染色体自然加倍，其萌发体和随后形成的丝状体营养细胞和膨大藻丝细胞均为双倍核相（2n=6）。当叶状体产生单孢子进行无性繁殖时，单孢子和其萌发体的细胞均为单倍核型（n=3）。     

海带配子体克隆大规模培养技术的研究

控制适宜条件使海带配子体克隆正常生长，根据生长情况拟合出鲜重增长曲线，并回归分析出鲜重与生长时间关系方程。定期测定培养液中N、P含量，分析出N6g/m^3，P 1g/m^3，每周换水1次可满足较小密度克隆生长需要；N10g/m^3，P2g/m^3，每周换水1次，可满足较大密度克隆生长需要。通过不同接种密度瞬时生长率比较，证明克隆密度越低，生长速度越快，分瓶数量越多，总重量增长越多，大规模培养结果：起始重量48g，2个月达到12276g，生长速度约每周翻1番，结束培养时平均密度达22.8g/L。     

红毛菜的超微结构

以产于福建莆田的人工栽培红毛菜为材料,对红毛菜原叶体、原孢子、果孢子、营养藻丝及孢子囊枝进行了超微结构观察.观察结果较完整地展示了红毛菜各生长细胞及组织的超微结构.研究发现红毛菜原叶体的生长发育及构造变化与生殖细胞的发生形成相关,本文描述了原叶体生长发展与无性生殖细胞发生的关系及特征.研究结果还表明,该类植物具有星状色素体和蛋白核,显示红毛菜亚纲植物特有的色素体结构;原叶体细胞色素体无围周类囊体,细胞之间无纹孔连丝,具原始红藻特征;营养藻丝细胞间有纹孔连丝,色素体具围周类囊体,表现真红藻特征;孢子囊枝细胞色素体无围周类囊体,细胞间有纹孔连丝,与原叶体、丝状体营养藻丝既有相同处又有不同之处,显示红毛菜亚纲、真红藻亚纲两纲特点.     

The significance of various environmental parameters for growth of the Iceland scallop, Chlamys islandica (Pectinidae), in hanging culture

Iceland scallops, Chlamys islandica (O.F. Müller), were grown in hanging culture at 3 different depths (2, 12 and 40 m below the sea surface) in a northern Norwegian fjord. The growth of the soft parts of the body and the shell increment were monitored throughout the growing season (March until September). At the same time, temperature, salinity, water density, current speed, chlorophyll, particulate organic matter (POM) and particulate inorganic matter (PIM) were monitored at each of the experimental depths. Analysis of the environmental data together with the growth data showed that growth differences between the experimental depths were essentially the results of differences in nutritional conditions for the scallops, defined by the relationship between PIM and POM in the water column. The results also showed that growth in Iceland scallops can be increased significantly by suspending the animals in a more favourable nutritional environment than that found on the natural scallop beds.     

Cell growth, effect of filtrate and nutritive value of the tropical Prasinophyte Tetraselmis tetrathele (Butcher) at different phases of culture

A local algal isolate Tetraselmis tetrathele was studied to determine the suitable levels of three growth factors (nutrient medium, light intensity and photoperiod) for mass culture. Significantly higher population cell count (141.92 × 10⁴) were found in 4‐day‐old cultures (exponential phase) enriched with Conwy medium and exposed continuously to 93.31–103.5 μmole photon m^?2 s^?1 light intensity compared with two other media (F, SEAFDEC/AQD) under the same light conditions. Cultures exposed to higher levels of photosynthetic photon flux density and continuous photoperiod had a significantly higher cell count regardless of nutrient media used. The chemical composition of T. tetrathele varied as the culture aged. Significantly higher crude protein (49.6%) and crude ash (15.9%) were found in cultures harvested at exponential than at stationary phase of growth. In contrast, significantly higher carbohydrate (55.2%) was noted as the culture aged. There was an increase in the percentage of saturated, monoenoic and n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids at the stationary phase of growth. Addition of filtrate from various phases of growth and from 10‐day‐old cultures at various concentrations stimulated cell growth of T. tetrathele. This study identified the optimum growth conditions for mass culture of T. tetrathele and demonstrated its change in the chemical composition as the culture aged.     

COMPARATIVE GROWTH OF Isochrysis galbana PARKE AND Isochrysis aff. galbana,CLONE T-ISO AT POUR TEMPERATURES AND THREE LIGHT INTENSITIES

The growth of a temperate and a tropical strain of Isochrysis was studied at four temperatures and three light intensity levels. All algal cultures were grown in an enriched artificial seawater medium under constant illumination and were bubbled with air enriched with 0.1% CO₂. Culture density (cells/ml) was measured periodically during exponential growth. Average growth rates for each combination of temperature and light intensity are presented as doublings/day. Observations of growth under the various culture conditions indicate that T-ISO (tropical strain) grows rapidly over a much broader range of temperatures than does I. galbana. Variations in growth at different light intensity levels suggest that the optimum light level increases as a function of temperature for T-ISO and that the growth of I. galbana is inhibited by high levels of light (1500 μW/cm²). The relative value of both strains as food for larval and juvenile oysters and the advantages and limitations of large scale culture are discussed.     

高温胁迫下条斑紫菜叶状体HSP70基因的表达谱分析

采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术检测了条斑紫菜叶状体在25℃高温胁迫下PyHSP70-1基因的相对表达量变化。定量分析显示PyHSP70-1基因表达受到高温胁迫的显著诱导。在持续高温胁迫下,PyHSP70-1表达量在8 h时达到最大,此后一直维持在较高水平,且与对照差异显著。在短暂高温胁迫结束后PyHSP70-1表达量最大,随着恢复时间的增加,其mRNA量逐渐减少,在恢复的24 h时间内,mRNA量仍然显著高于对照。结果表明PyHSP70-1是诱导型HSP,受热激诱导表达,在热激胁迫中维持细胞蛋白与膜的稳定,对细胞具有重要的保护作用。