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1.
鲈-中国对虾-罗非鱼混养的实验研究   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
1996年 5~ 10月在 1.7hm2 池塘中设 6个 5.0m× 5.0m× 2 .0m陆基围隔 ,研究了鲈 (Lateolabraxjaponicus)、中国对虾 (Penaeuschinensis)和台湾红罗非鱼 (Oreochromismossambicus×O .niloticus)投饵混养的养殖模式。鲈和罗非鱼放养在围隔内的浮式网箱中 ,对虾散放在围隔中 ;鲈在围隔中设 3个放养密度 ,分别为 0 .76、1.52和 2 .2 8尾 /m2 ;对虾 ( 2 .2 8尾 /m2 )和罗非鱼 ( 0 .2 4尾 /m2 )均为单一密度 ,每个处理 2个重复。给鲈投喂冻杂鱼 ,对虾不投喂。实验结果表明 ,鲈出塘体重 ( 2 14.2~ 34 8.3g)和成活率 ( 2 6.3%~ 10 0 .0 % )随放养密度的增加而减少 ,净产量为 174 3.3~ 2 4 68.7kg/hm2 ,生产力为 3.2 6g/d·m2 ,负荷力 2 50 0~2 80 0kg/hm2 。鲈的密度为 1.52尾 /m2 时 ,对虾的出塘体长 ( 10 .2 5cm )、产量 ( 58.35kg/hm2 )和成活率( 17.55% )最高 ,生产力为 0 .4 3g/d·m2 。鲈的适宜放养密度为 38尾 /m2 ,与对虾和罗非鱼的适宜数量比为 1∶( 3~ 4 )∶0 .2 4。还讨论了 3种生物调节水质的生态作用。  相似文献   

2.
为了解鱼种不同放养规格和密度对刺鲃网箱养殖效果的影响,2007~2008年,应用HACCP体系原理,在江西赣州市陡水湖进行了刺鲃鱼种不同放养规格和放养密度的网箱养殖试验.试验分5组,每组设3个平行,共15个网箱,分别为相同放养密度(80尾/m2)、不同放养规格(10、50、90 g/尾)和相同放养规格(50 g/尾)、不同放养密度(60、80、100尾/m2).结果表明,刺鲃鱼种的放养规格和放养密度均对网箱养成的商品鱼的规格、群体产量、饲料系数和经济效益有显著影响,但对成活率的影响较小.刺鲃网箱健康养殖以每m2放养规格为50 ~100 g/尾的鱼种60~80尾为宜.  相似文献   

3.
利用Biolog技术就滆湖原位围隔内鲢鳙放养密度和比例对水体微生物碳源利用的影响进行了研究。结果显示,在试验阶段后期不同围隔内水体微生物对碳源总量的利用相对于试验中期有较明显的变化。未放养鲢鳙的对照组(A0)在试验后期对于碳源总量的利用低于各实验组(A_1:鱼密度40 g/m~3、鲢鳙比7∶3;A_2∶40 g/m~3、3∶7、A_3∶80 g/m~3、7∶3和A_4∶80 g/m~3、3∶7)。试验中期和后期,利用比例较高的碳源类型均为聚合物。主成分分析表明,试验后期不同围隔水体微生物群落碳代谢方式具有显著差异。其中,与主成分1显著相关的碳源主要有16种,分别属于聚合物、糖类、羧酸、氨基酸。实验中期和后期围隔水体微生物碳代谢多样性指数Shannon物种多样性指数、丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数均存在显著差异,代谢多样性指数最高的是实验组A1,实验组A4碳代谢多样性指数相对较低。根据鳙的绝对生物量、多样性指标以及对碳源的总量利用,可以得出以鲢鳙主导的微型生态系统中,鳙的绝对生物量对于水体微生物影响更加显著。  相似文献   

4.
南湾水库鲢鳙放养比例对水质调控的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
本研究跟踪调查了鲢、鳙鱼种的放养比例由20∶80调整为40∶60,鲢鱼的放养量由4.373g/m3增加到8.747g/m3,鳙放养量由17.494g/m3减少到13.120g/m3,对南湾水库水质理化指标与浮游生物的影响。研究结果表明调整鲢、鳙鱼种的放养比例后,南湾水库的水质得到了一定的改善,表现为COD、BOD和叶绿素a含量显著降低,透明度显著升高,富营养化状态出现减轻的趋势。另外,从浮游生物调查的结果来看,增大鲢放养比例,能显著降低浮游植物的数量和生物量,同时也大大降低了蓝藻在藻类群落中所占的比例及其生物量,有效地避免了水库蓝藻水华的爆发。  相似文献   

5.
不同施肥组合对盐碱地凡纳滨对虾池塘中浮游生物的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本实验在山东省东营市黄河口毛蟹繁育中心的养殖池塘的12个陆基围隔(5.5m×5.5m)中进行.在N施加量相等、N/P质量比为10∶1的情况下,实验共设4个处理,分别为全部施加无机肥(NN)、1/3有机肥和2/3无机肥(NO)、2/3有机肥和1/3无机肥(ON)以及全部施加有机肥(OO).凡纳滨对虾(Penaeus vannamei)的放养密度均为33ind/m2.实验结果表明,全部施加无机肥的水体中浮游植物生物量显著高于其他组合,其浮游动物生物量高峰维持时间最短;2/3有机肥与1/3无机肥混施的水体中浮游植物生物量最稳定,而且浮游动物高峰维持时间最长,与其他组合相比能显著提高对虾的净产量;全部施加有机肥的水体中浮游植物多样性指数显著高于其他组合.  相似文献   

6.
卵形鲳鲹深水网箱养殖密度试验   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
古恒光  周银环 《渔业现代化》2009,36(4):33-36,41
为了研究深水网箱养殖卵形鲳鲹适宜的放养密度,在一组4个深水网箱中分别按照40,50,60,80尾/m3的密度,放养规格12~14 g/尾的卵形鲳鲹苗种进行为期100~122 d的养殖试验.结果表明;40~50尾/m3放养密度的各项生长指标优于60~80尾/m3,40~50尾/m3的日均增重、饲料系数、成活率和利润分别为4.32~4.23 g/d、1.75~1.80、91.7%~90.3%、43.0~44.6元/m3,60~80尾/m3分别为3.83~3.12 g/d、1.92~2.10、89.6%~86.4%、23.4~-17.4元/m3.过高的放养密度不利于卵形鲳鲹生长,并且增大了饲料系数,增加了养殖成本.在深水网箱中放养规格为12~14 g/尾的卵形鲳鲹,养殖密度以40~50尾/m3为宜.  相似文献   

7.
为了进一步检验中营养条件下滤食性鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)的控藻效应,于2017年5-9月,在浙江省淳安县千岛湖邵家鱼种场选择8口大小、形状等各种条件基本一致的池塘,设置无鱼(CK)0 g/m3、低密度(LD)10 g/m3、中密度(MD)20 g/m3和高密度(HD)30 g/m3共计4个鲢处理组,放养的鲢体重为(61.03±3.70)g、体长为(14.21±0.27)cm,经每月3次浮游植物样品采集和观察,探究不同密度的鲢放养对浮游植物群落结构的影响。结果表明,浮游植物优势种组成在不同处理组池塘间无显著差异。双因素方差分析表明,鲢密度和月份对浮游植物密度和生物量均有显著作用,月份而非鲢密度对其多样性产生显著影响,2个因素对浮游植物生物量有而对其密度和多样性指数无交互作用。3个有鲢处理组池塘藻类总密度和蓝藻密度均有较大幅度下降,它们的蓝藻密度、中高密度组池塘藻类总密度显著低于无鱼组;中、高密度组池塘蓝藻生物量、中密度组池塘藻类总密度均显著低于无鱼组和低密度组。实验结果表明,鲢对浮游植物的抑制作用具有密度效应,随鲢放养密度和水体藻类现存量的变化而变化,鲢中等密度放养能显著遏制浮游植物现存量,密度依赖的鲢滤食量对浮游植物的抑制作用明显大于营养短路和藻类小型化对浮游植物的促进效应。  相似文献   

8.
中国对虾与海湾扇贝投饵混养的实验研究   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5  
用放在海水池塘中的8个陆基围隔(5.0m×5.0m×1.8m),研究中国对虾(Penaeuschinensis)与不同密度海湾扇贝(Argopectenirradians)投饵混养的放养方式、生产力和极限放养量.对虾体长(2.85±0.16)cm,扇贝壳长(1.10±0.12)cm,放养密度分别为6.0尾/m2和0,1.5,4.5,7.5粒/m2,用投饵和施肥(鸡粪和化肥)饲养.结果表明,扇贝密度为0和1.5粒/m2时,对虾的成活率无显著差异.混养(扇贝1.5粒/m2)时对虾的出塘体长、体重和产量分别比单养高2.5%,3.8%和6.5%;当扇贝密度高于1.5粒/m2时,对虾的平均体长、体重和产量随扇贝密度的增加而显著减少(P<0.05).扇贝密度为1.5和7.5粒/m2时,其产量由470kg/hm2增至1236kg/hm2;当扇贝密度高时,去壳后湿重占体重的百分数从(42.84±3.44)%降至(37.88±4.26)%.扇贝的极限放养量为600~800kg/hm2,适宜放养密度为1.0~1.5粒/m2.  相似文献   

9.
唐金玉  王岩  戴杨鑫  周涛 《水产学报》2014,38(9):1421-1430
通过155 d围隔实验检验了不同施肥条件下鱼蚌综合养殖水体中的浮游植物群落结构。实验设3个处理:施鸭粪、施化肥、兼施鸭粪和化肥。放养种类为三角帆蚌、草鱼、鲫、鲢和鳙,放养量分别为每围隔20、15、5、5和5个。结果发现,围隔内浮游植物生物量平均值为(2.1~6.0)×108个/L。不同施肥方法对浮游植物种类组成和优势种、叶绿素a(Chl.a)、生物量以及蓝藻在浮游植物生物量中的比例无显著影响。浮游植物群落变化表现出较明显的季节性特点,影响围隔浮游植物群落的理化因子为TN、NH3-N和DO。研究表明,采用不同施肥方法的围隔内浮游植物群落结构未表现出显著差异,难以从浮游植物角度解释兼施鸭粪和化肥的围隔珍珠产量高于施鸭粪或施化肥的围隔的事实,也难以确定珍珠产量与浮游植物群落结构之间存在必然的联系。  相似文献   

10.
唐金玉  王岩  任岗  李由明 《水产学报》2019,43(6):1438-1448
通过93 d围隔实验比较了增加摄食配合饲料的鱼(草鱼和银鲫)密度和添加EM菌对三角帆蚌、草鱼、银鲫、鲢和鳙综合养殖系统中浮游植物群落和初级生产力的影响。采用2×2实验设计,设4个处理:LF0(20尾草鱼+10尾银鲫)、LFA(20尾草鱼+10尾银鲫+EM菌)、HF0(40尾草鱼+20尾银鲫)和HFA(40尾草鱼+20尾银鲫+EM菌)。所有处理中三角帆蚌、鲢和鳙密度相同,均为每个围隔内40只蚌、8尾鲢和2尾鳙。实验期间围隔内不换水,每天分2次投喂配合饲料;定期向LFA和HFA围隔内泼洒EM菌。结果显示,围隔内出现浮游植物超过81种,分别隶属7门、32科、73属;实验前期浮游植物优势种为微囊藻和栅藻,后期转为微囊藻、平裂藻和腔球藻;浮游植物生物量平均为3.2×108~8.3×108个/L;摄食配合饲料的鱼密度和EM菌对浮游植物种类组成和多样性无显著影响,但高密度草鱼和银鲫组(HF0和HFA)中浮游植物生物量和群落呼吸强度较高,初级生产力较低;添加EM菌可降低蓝藻在浮游植物生物量中的比例,增加初级生产力。研究表明,在蚌鱼综合养殖中放养摄食配合饲料的鱼密度不宜过高。  相似文献   

11.
太湖梅梁湾大型生态控藻围栏内鲢鳙的生长特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
富营养化湖泊围栏养殖鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)控制蓝藻水华在生物操纵示范中得到了广泛应用。在2004和2005年,研究了太湖梅梁湾生态修复区内大型生物控藻围栏中鲢鳙的季节生长特征,分析了影响其生长的因素。结果表明,鲢鳙生长受养殖密度的影响很大,鲢在养殖密度低的2004年和养殖密度高的2005年的日均增重分别为6.07 g和4.30 g,鳙则分别为11.29 g和5.09 g。鳙的生长速度比鲢快,但受密度影响的程度比鲢大。从季节变化来看,鲢属于单峰型生长,生长速度和水温显著正相关;而鳙一年中呈现出2个生长高峰期,分别在5~6月和9~10月,夏季爆发的蓝藻水华对鳙的生长速度有所抑制。为使当年投放的鱼苗在年底能达到出售的商品规格,太湖梅梁湾水域围栏养殖鲢鳙的初始鱼苗投放密度应低于12 g/m3。  相似文献   

12.
富营养化湖泊围栏养殖鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)控制蓝藻水华在生物操纵示范中得到了广泛应用。在2004和2005年,研究了太湖梅梁湾生态修复区内大型生物控藻围栏中鲢鳙的季节生长特征,分析了影响其生长的因素。结果表明,鲢鳙生长受养殖密度的影响...  相似文献   

13.
A sustainable semi-intensive pond aquaculture technology including major carp species (Indian, Chinese and common carp) as cash-crop and small indigenous fish species (SIS) as food for the farmers' families is being optimized in Bangladesh. Silver carp inclusion in the polyculture is now being considered, because this very efficient filter feeder has a strong impact on pond ecology and also on the farmers' family nutrition because it is a cheap fish that the family can afford to eat instead of selling. The present paper is centered on the reduction of silver carp negative effects on other species while keeping the advantages of increased total yield and income due to silver carp stocking. It presents the results of two experiments, one on-station and one on-farm, in which 3–5 silver carp/100 m2 were added or partially substituted major carp filter feeders. The basic stocking density was 100 carps (rohu, catla and a bottom feeder, either mrigal or common carp, at a 1:1:1 ratio) and 250 SIS (punti and mola) per 100 m2. In the on-station experiment silver carp density was 3 and 5 fish/100 m2 and the large carp bottom feeder was common carp. In the on-farm experiment silver carp density was 5 fish/100 m2 and the bottom feeder was either common carp or mrigal.Most of the water quality and fish performance parameters tested were not affected by the polyculture composition. Adding 3–5% silver carp or substituting 3–5% of the herbivorous fish species by this highly efficient filter feeder increased grazing pressure on the phytoplankton, which led to a 25–40% reduction of the chlorophyll concentration in the water column. The increased grazing pressure was not enough to affect other water quality parameters and fewer effects on the availability of food for the other fish species occurred than when the silver carp addition was 10% of the polyculture, as reported in a previous work. The strong negative effects of silver carp on the other species of the polyculture and the higher total yields and income recorded in previous experiments with the addition of 10 silver carp/100 m2 were much weaker and their expression depended on other pond conditions when 3 or 5 silver carp/100 m2 were added or substituted the same number of rohu or catla, either when the bottom feeder was mrigal or common carp. It was concluded that stocking 3 silver carp/100 m2 over the usual 100 large carp and 250 SIS /100 m2 can be considered a ‘no effect’ stocking density in relation to the control without silver carp, while stocking 10 silver carp/100 m2 should be preferred by farmers to keep the option of selling or consuming the silver carp.  相似文献   

14.
Canonical correlation analysis was used to study the influence of management factors on growth and yields in an experimental polyculture system. The major conclusions are: (1) yield of each species was affected mainly by its own stocking density, followed by interactions with other species; (2) the best yields and growth rates of tilapia were obtained with stocking weights of over 13 g and; (3) common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., was affected negatively by silver carp, Hypoihalmichihys molitrix (Valenciennes), density and positively by nutrient inputs. Its best performance was obtained at silver carp density below 1000/ha. Analyses of data from commercial production units are required to confirm these conclusions  相似文献   

15.
Intensive polyculture of common carp and herbivorous fish (silver carp and grass carp) at high stocking densities and with intensive feeding with fodder and mineral and organic fertilization was carried out without mechanized aeration and automated feeding.Two stocking patterns were tested. The first, in Pond 1 (with an area of 2.5 ha), had the following stocking rates: one-year carp (C1), 8000 fish/ha; one-year silver carp (S1), 1500 fish/ha; and one-year grass carp (G1), 200 fish/ha. The yield was 6292 kg/ha of standard consumer fish (C1+ 743 g, S1+ 944 g, and G1+ 1000 g) at a relatively low food conversion ratio (2.24) and high survival of all fish. Within the total yield, the two-year carp contributed 76%, the silver carp 21%, and the grass carp 3%. The second stocking pattern, in Pond 2 (0.25 ha), had the following rates: C1, 8500 fish/ha; S1, 2000 fish/ha; and G1, 200 fish/ha, and produced a still higher total yield (6629 kg/ha) at a relatively low food conversion ratio (2.10). The two-year carp in Pond 2 contributed 88% of the total yield, and the herbivorous fish only 12% even though they accounted for 20% of the stock.Our results (Pond 2) are compared with other record yield experiments under similar conditions but including tilapia. At a total stocking rate of 10 700 fish/ha and without participation of tilapia, over a period of 186 days (as against 126 days in the other experiment), our experiments gave a total yield which was 347 kg/ha higher at a food coefficient 15% lower. The growth period was 60 days longer in our experiments but it included April and October when water temperature is much below the optimum and only 4% of the total amount of fodder was assimilated.  相似文献   

16.
在3005m^2的池塘里,高密度培养大规格草鱼种,且塔养鲢,鳙,鲤种。采取的技术措施是:草鱼种入池先喂芜萍,20天后改喂浮萍并驯喂粗蛋白含量较高的小颗粒配饵。草鱼种长到10cm后,改喂粗蛋白含量较低的配饵;定期注入新水,增氧,泼洒药物,投喂药饵,高温季节,使池水保持长流水。结果:共产草鱼种5032kg,平均规格80.1g;鲢鳙鱼种2660.6kg,鲤种536.3kg,纯利48928.6元,投入产出  相似文献   

17.
云龙湖水库浮游生物调查及鲢、鳙鱼产潜力估算   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
2005年6月和10月分2次对云龙湖水库进行了4个样点的浮游生物调查。共采集到的浮游植物分属6门、28属,平均密度为4.925×106个/L,平均生物量为1.620mg/L;浮游动物29属,包括原生动物11属、轮虫10属、枝角类4属、桡足类4属,平均密度为30353.75个/L,平均生物量2.590mg/L。由此估算鲢、鳙鱼产潜力为83639kg;其中,鲢生产潜力为15603kg,鳙生产潜力为68036kg。按起水规格鲢750g、鳙1250g计算,鲢、鳙鱼种理论放养比例约为4∶11。  相似文献   

18.
小浪底水库每年需进行调水调沙,水库水位剧降,最高落差可达50m,最大流量达4 000m~3/s以上,严重破坏水库水生动植物资源和渔业生态环境,影响小浪底水库网箱养鱼等。2013年以前,小浪底水库通常以6m×6m×2.5m和15m×8m×2.5m网箱养殖鲤和草鱼。本文针对小浪底水库调水调沙的特点,研究一种新型、环保、生态、高效、优质的网箱生态养殖大规格鲢鳙模式,2014年11月-2015年6月进行试验。试验网箱6m×6m×4m,箱间距5m,箱行距30m,每箱投放体质量800~1 000g/尾的鲢鳙鱼种150尾左右,养殖240~260d,出箱规格达到1 500~2 500g/尾,成活率91.5%,箱产值3 500~4 500元,净利润1 862元。养殖过程中不投喂。  相似文献   

19.
A study was conducted to optimize stocking density of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, in carp polyculture for 3 months in 10 experimental ponds of 80 m2. Five stocking densities of prawn, 2500, 5000, 7500, 10 000 and 12 500 ha?1, were assigned to treatments T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. The densities of catla, Catla catla, rohu, Labeo rohita and silver carp, Hypophthalmicthys molitrix, were 2500, 5000, and 2500 ha?1, respectively, in each treatment. Each treatment had two replicate ponds. The mean initial weights of prawn, catla, rohu and silver carp were 1.1±0.02, 8.28±0.1, 25.2±1.1 and 36.32±1.2 g respectively. A pelleted diet containing 30% protein was prepared using fish meal, meat and bone meal, mustard oilcake, rice bran, wheat bran and molasses, and was fed twice daily at a rate of 5% of fish biomass. Water quality parameters were measured fortnightly and the ranges of temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen were 27.5–1.3°C, 6.9–8.6 and 4.5–8.6 mg L?1 respectively. Feed conversion ratios ranged from 2.05 to 2.20 among the treatments. Per cent survival (%) of prawns ranged from 72% to 78%, while it varied from 80% to 93%, 90% to 95% and 90% to 92% for catla, rohu and silver carp respectively. The results showed that there were no significant differences among the weight gains of prawn and carp in different treatments. However, the overall total production of prawn and fish together was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T3 and T4 compared with other treatments. The total production for 3 months ranged between 2618 and 2916 kg ha?1. The production of prawn was significantly higher (361.3 kg ha?1) in T5 with a highest stocking density of 12 500 prawn ha?1. Although there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the total production of prawn and fish together in T3 and T4, the highest net profit (Tk. 69 006 ha?1) was obtained in T4. Therefore, from the result of the study it may be concluded that a stocking ratio of 4:1:2:1 of prawn:catla:rohu:silver carp at a total density of 20 000 ha?1 may be recommended for prawn–carp polyculture in ponds.  相似文献   

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