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1.
西北太平洋柔鱼渔场分布与水温关系的研究   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
根据卫星遥感获取的海表水温和多年来我国在西北太平洋的柔鱼生产统计资料 ,探讨西北太平洋柔鱼渔场与水温分布特征。研究结果表明 ,15 0°E以西的柔鱼渔场 ,中心位置位于 4 1°N、14 6°E附近 ,渔场表层水温范围在 10~ 19℃之间 ,中心渔场表层水温为 13~ 18℃ ;15 0~ 16 0°E之间的柔鱼渔场 ,中心位置位于 4 2°0 0′N、15 5°0 0′E附近 ,渔场表层水温范围为 14~ 2 1℃ ,中心渔场表层水温约为 15~ 2 0℃。温度场特征分析显示 ,柔鱼中心渔场分布与冷水锋面、冷暖水切变锋面和暖水舌锋的变动密切相关。  相似文献   

2.
摩洛哥南部海域中上层鱼类的渔场环境及分布状况   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
西非沿岸摩洛哥—塞内加尔海域中上层鱼类资源丰富,沙丁鱼是摩洛哥最主要的小型中上层鱼种,出口量居世界首位,具有较高的开发利用价值。文章根据2011年6~8月在摩洛哥南部海域调查所得的数据,对该海域中上层鱼类的分布状况和渔场环境进行了分析。结果显示:摩洛哥海域21°00′N~26°00′N,均有沙丁鱼和鲐鱼分布,离岸较近,主要作业水深20~70 m;调查海域6~8月间的主要鱼种为鲐鱼和沙丁鱼,其中鲐鱼的产量占总产量的50 %以上;6~8月间渔场温度变化小,表层水温在18.7~24.3 ℃,平均22.5 ℃;表层盐度为36.1~36.9,平均36.7;中心渔场表层水温为18.7~19.7 ℃,平均19.1 ℃;表层盐度为36.3~36.5,平均36.4。  相似文献   

3.
西北太平洋海域柔鱼渔场分析探讨   总被引:21,自引:1,他引:20  
本文根据 1 993- 1 998年我国西北太平洋海域柔鱼渔场的探捕调查和生产情况 ,较为系统地分析柔鱼渔场的形成机制、渔场种类以及环境条件与渔场之间的相互关系。黑潮暖流与亲潮寒流的交汇形成了柔鱼渔场 ,两个流系的变化对中心渔场的位置、渔期、渔发有着直接的影响。渔场形成与表层水温、温跃层以及深层水温关系极为密切。1 60°E以西海域 ,表层水温为 1 7- 2 0℃ ,50米水层内有温跃层。1 60°E以东海域表层水温为 1 1 - 1 3℃ ,1 0 0米水层水温为 9- 1 0℃。  相似文献   

4.
东海区短鳄齿鱼数量分布及其与环境因子的关系   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1  
根据2005年东海区(26°30′~35°00′N、121°00′~127°00′E)渔业资源监测底拖网调查资料,结合广义相加模型(GAM)方法分析了东海区短鳄齿鱼资源的时空分布特征以及水深、水温、盐度与数量分布的关系。结果表明:东海区短鳄齿鱼主要分布区域为:28°00′~30°00′N、123°00′~126°30′E;生物量季节变化明显,以秋季(9月)最高,春季(4月)最低;短鳄齿鱼适宜水深、温度、盐度范围分别为70~110 m、17~23℃、34.3~35.2。结合东海海流分布特点,初步推断短鳄齿鱼为暖水性海洋小型鱼类,其生物量分布和季节变化受台湾暖流影响。  相似文献   

5.
毛里塔尼亚海域渔场的环境特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
根据2007年5~8月"中水9505"号调查船在毛里塔尼亚海域(16°00′~20°50′N、16°10′~17°50′W)三个航次的水文调查数据,通过对风场、温度、水文要素(水温、盐度、溶解氧、叶绿素)等的空间分布和变化,以及水团、海流的分析,就海区的海洋结构做了初步研究,并对海洋环境与渔场的关系做了探讨。结果表明:受加那利海流以及赤道暖流的交汇影响,5月到8月,海域的表温逐渐升高,但总体是南部海域的水温高于北部海域;整个海域的盐度基本在27左右;随深度增加,除盐度略有增加外,其他水文要素均明显减小;受海底地形的影响,导致流态以及营养分布不均;中心渔场分别在18°30′~19°10′N、16°10′~16°40′W和19°50′~20°30′N、17°00′~17°30′W两个海域。  相似文献   

6.
许永久  张敏 《海洋渔业》2007,29(4):289-295
2006年6~8月,对智利外海渔场的5个站点(31°00′~40°45′S、82°05′~91°52′W)进行了浮游生物调查。结果显示,浮游植物共有7属10种,其中硅藻门有5属5种,甲藻门1属3种,蓝藻门1属2种;浮游植物平均生物量为0.416 mg/m3,最高生物量为0.822 mg/m3,最低为0.13 mg/m3。浮游动物为33属40种,其中桡足类有14种,占总种类数的35%,其次为浮游幼虫、水螅水母类、糠虾类和磷虾类等;浮游动物平均生物量为0.656 mg/m3,最高丰度为211 ind/m3,最低为33.5 ind/m3。通过对智利竹筴鱼产量及CPUE(单位渔获量努力量)叠加分析,发现中心渔场区域主要集中于38~43°S、80~83°W范围内,与各采样站点浮游植物生物量分布趋势一致,中心渔场与表层浮游动物生物量的分布尚不存在相对应的关联。  相似文献   

7.
万瑞景 《水产学报》2002,26(4):321-330
1999年夏季鳀鱼卵和仔稚幼鱼主要分布于黄海南部,122°00′~123°45′E、34°00′~35°15′N与122°15′E以西海域分别为鳀鱼卵与鳀鱼仔稚幼鱼的密集分布中心,其表层水温和盐度分别为25.5~26.9℃和27.11~31.81与26.4~27.0℃和31.31~32.05。鳀鱼卵和仔稚幼鱼分布的最适表层水温分别为25.5~26.4℃和25.9~27.0℃;全长为20mm以上的鳀鱼稚鱼已初步形成广盐性分布的习性,鳀鱼卵和仔稚幼鱼的分布对盐度的要求并不非常严格,水温是影响鱼卵和仔稚幼鱼分布的主要原因之一。鳀鱼卵和仔稚幼鱼的分布与叶绿素a的分布也有密切的关系,鳀鱼卵和仔稚幼鱼的密集分布中心正是叶绿素a的高值区。随着季节的变化,黄海南部鳀鱼产卵场由青岛外海逐渐向深水区转移。黄海南部鳀鱼活卵所占的比例为45.76%,胚胎发育状况良好。  相似文献   

8.
北太平洋柔鱼资源与渔场的时空分析   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
陈新军 《水产学报》2003,27(4):334-342
利用相关系数和灰色关联评价方法对1995-2001年北太平洋各海域鱿钓产量及其作业渔场进行时空分析,结果表明主要作业渔场分布在145°E~148°E、153°E~161°E海域,其产量约占各年总渔获量的70%~85%。从作业纬度来看,1999年以前主要产量集中在40°N~43°N海域,而2000和2001年则分布在39°N~41°N和43°N~45°N海域。相关系数分析表明,2000和2001年作业渔场和各海域产量比重均发生了较大的变化,特别是在160°E以西和170°E以东海域,而在1999年以前未发生较大变化。灰色关联评价表明,1998年北太平洋柔鱼资源状况为最好,而2000、2001和1996年较差,1999、1995和1997年处在中间水平。这与实际生产情况和海洋环境条件基本上是相符的。2000和2001年北太平洋资源状况下降,可能与150°E~160°E海域的柔鱼种群资源出现下降有关。  相似文献   

9.
对夏秋季黄海南部、东海北部海域的小黄鱼和浮游动物的数量分布及其它们之间的关系进行了研究,结果表明:夏秋季节,黄海南部、东海北部小黄鱼主要出现在大沙、江外、吕四和沙外渔场,夏季最高生物量分布区出现在长江口和江外渔场交界处的31°30′N、125°00′E海域,秋季最高生物量分布区出现在大沙和沙外渔场交界处的32°30′N、125°00′E海域。2个季节浮游动物优势种的组成主要以浮游甲壳动物、浮游幼体以及毛颚类动物为主。浮游动物有2个密集分布区:一个在近岸一侧123°00′E经度线附近,夏季呈南北方向分布,秋季呈西北-东南走向;另一个在32°00′N、125°00′E附近海域。从夏季到秋季,浮游动物优势种的组成有了较大的更替,优势种的范围更加扩大;夏季占绝对优势的中华哲水蚤到秋季已经不在优势种之列。夏秋季小黄鱼主要分布区与浮游动物的高密度分布区存在着良好的对应关系。夏季小黄鱼和其他浮游食性鱼类的强烈的摄食影响可能造成了秋季浮游动物丰度的急剧下降。小黄鱼主要分布区内饵料浮游动物优势种的季节变化可能对其食物选择的变化有重要的影响。  相似文献   

10.
根据1998-2000年8~10月在150°~165°E海域我国北太平洋鱿钓生产数据以及海况资料,分析柔鱼中心渔场与海洋环境之间的关系,建立柔鱼渔场预报模型。结果显示,黑潮势力的强弱及其分支分布与柔鱼渔场形成关系密切。8~10月柔鱼作业渔场基本上处在黑潮第2、第3暖水分支的前锋。柔鱼渔场分布与月份、20℃等温线分布的关系密切。8~10月中心渔场的预报模型为:经度方向FGLong=141.535+1.8435×T;纬度方向FGLati=-8.461+1.165×T+(Lat155+Lat160)/2。  相似文献   

11.
12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

16.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

17.
18.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

19.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

20.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

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