酶饲料添加剂在罗氏沼虾养殖中的应用试验

研究了酶饲料添加剂对罗氏沼虾生长、产量及经济效益的影响。提高增重率１２．９５％－４８％、意境产１－１．６ｋｇ／１００ｍ＾２、商品率２．４％－５．４％，纯收入增加２０元／１００ｍ＾２。     

K^＋,SO^2—4和碳酸盐碱度对大银于仔鱼存活的影响

本试验观察了Ｋ＾＋，ＳＯ＾２－４和碳酸盐碱度对大银鱼仔鱼存活的影响。大银鱼仔鱼在Ｋ＾＋浓度１０－３０２．４ｍｇ／Ｌ中９６ｈ成活率为９５－１００％，在ＳＯ＾２－４３８４－１９２０ｍｇ／Ｌ中９６ｈ成活率为１００％〉资助它们能正常生长，碳酸盐碱度低于１４ｍｅ／Ｌ时９６ｈ成活率为１００％，当碱度升到２２ｍｅ／Ｌ时其成活率为８０％。     

黄鳝的营养素需要量及饲料最适能量蛋白比

用正交设计法Ｌ９（３＾４）配制九种试验饲料，对黄鳝配合饲料中蛋白质、脂肪、总能、无机盐需要量及最适能量蛋白比进行了研究，结果表明，影响黄鳝生长的主要因素是蛋白质和总能，黄鳝最佳生长所需饲料中蛋白质含量为３５．７％，总能为１１．５０￣１２．５０ｋＪ．ｇ＾－１饲料，脂肪含量３％￣４％，无机盐含量３％，总糖２４％￣３３％。黄鳝饲料的最适能量蛋白比（Ｅ／Ｐ＝ｋＪ．ｇ＾－１）为３１．６￣３８．９。     

鲢鱼加工废弃物的酶法水解

鲢鱼加工鱼糜的废弃物中，鱼头及残渣（鱼皮，鱼骨的混合物）的蛋白质含量丰富，分别为１２．３％和１８．２％，钙含量高，分别为３．２％和１．５％，其蛋白质的氨基酸组成较平衡，在食品中加工中有较高的利用价值。实验采用中性蛋白酶对鲢鱼加工废弃物进行水解，并用正交试验Ｌ９（４＾３）法对酶水解条件进行了研究。结果表明，酶水解度的最适条件为ｐＨ７，酶量１ｇ／１００ｇ原料，时间１￣１．５小时，温度４０￣５０℃，产物     

僧帽牡蛎保鲜过程中游离氨基酸_牛磺酸的变化

探讨了僧帽牡蛎在低温贮藏保鲜过程中鲜度指标及游离氨基酸，牛磺酸等的变化。实验表明：在０－２℃及３－５℃的贮藏中挥发性盐氮呈平缓上升趋势，贮藏１５天分别为１５．２ｍｇ／１００ｇ和２０．６ｍｇ／１００ｇ；而在６－８℃下，贮藏，挥发性盐基氮变化相对较快，１５天后高达２６．８ｍｇ／１００ｇ。在萃取液中，牛磺酸的含量最高，其在贮藏中略有下降，但基本上在３５７ｍｇ／１００ｇ－３８７ｍｇ／１００ｇ范围内波动；游     

商品鳖高产养殖技术的研究

养鳖池３２８０ｍ＾２，放养５０－１５０ｇ的中华鳖幼鳖７２１１只，１．５－２只／ｍ＾２，搭养少量鲢鳙夏花以调节水质，投喂含蛋白质４５％－４８％的优质甲鱼全价配合饲料，适当投喂福寿螺肉及海鱼，采取综合防治病害措施，经５－６个月的饲养，共产４００－１０００ｇ的商品鳖６６７９只，３２８０ｋｇ成鱼１１２５１ｋｇ，幼鳖的成活率为９２％，总产值６５．８万元，生产开支为４５．８万元，获纯利２０万元，每平方米６１元     

水库暴发性鱼病及其防治技术研究Ⅲ某些药物对鲢暴发病病原菌的试管内抗菌作用

报道了１２种药物在试管内对８株从患病白鲢上分离的嗜水气单胞菌的最小抑制浓度和最小杀菌浓度。被检测的８株致病菌对青霉素、氯霉素、甲哌利福霉素、土霉素有高度感受性，其最小抑菌浓度为０．０２５－１．５６μｇ／ｍｌ，最小杀菌浓度为０．０２５－３．１３μｇ／ｍｌ，最小抑菌和杀菌浓度比率为１－２。对红霉素、异烟肼、胜利霉素和呋喃唑酮的感受性较低，最小抑菌浓度为３．１３－２５μｇ／ｍｌ，最小杀菌浓度为６．２５－１００μｇ／ｍｌ，最小抑菌和杀菌浓度的比率为２－３。对磺胺胍、磺胺嘧啶、大蒜素和鱼健灵的感受性最低，最小抑菌浓度２５－＞１００μｇ／ｍｌ，最小杀菌浓度５０－＞１００μｇ／ｍｌ，其最小抑菌和杀菌浓度比率为１－＞２。     

四合当水库网箱养殖武昌鱼试验

放养４．５－６ｋｇ／ｍ＾３，饲养期约１００天，单产２７－３２．６ｋｇ／ｍ＾２，饲养系数１．３－１．７５，成本利润５６．９％－７５．２％，能量转换率１７．９％－２３．９％，试验表明在我国北方网箱养武昌鱼能取得较高的经济效益。     

海洋微生物活性物质的研究概况

海洋微生物种类繁多，据统计有１００万～２亿种，在正常海水中的数量一般为１０６ｍｌ－１以下。海洋动植物体表共生、附生的细菌数量为１．０×１０５～２．１×１０５ＣＦＵ／ｇ，放线菌为７．７×１０３～５．２×１０４ＣＦＵ／ｇ，真菌为５．４×１０４～３．１×１０５ＣＦＵ／ｇ；海洋动物肠道细菌数量为１．１２×１０５～１．４５×１０５ＣＦＵ／ｇ，放线菌为１．０×１０３～８．２×１０３ＣＦＵ／ｇ，真菌为１．０×１０３～２．１×１０４ＣＦＵ／ｇ。尽管海洋中的许多微生物推测是由陆地环境经河水、污水、雨水或尘埃等途径…     

水库网箱养殖罗非鱼及其生态经济效益研究

在水库中连续３年设置网箱养殖罗非鱼，按４．５￣６ｋｇ／ｍ＾３放养量投放鱼种（平均规格６３￣９５ｇ／尾），饲养１００天左右，平均规格达到３７４￣４３８．８ｇ尾产量达２７．０￣３２．６ｋｇ／ｍ＾２，饲料系数１．３￣１．７５，利润率达５６．９％￣７５．２％，网箱养鱼能量转移率１７．９％￣２３．９６％。     

金鳙和黑鳙的肌肉营养成分分析及评价

采用国标(GB)检测方法,依据FAO/WHO的评价规定,对2010年发现于常德珊珀湖后经人工选育的金鳙和2015~2016年采样于常德珊泊湖的黑鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)进行肌肉营养成分分析和评价。结果表明,金鳙肌肉鲜样的水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分水平分别为76.1%、20.6%、0.52%、1.1%,黑鳙的相应指标为76%、19.8%、0.48%、1.2%,其中两者间粗脂肪含量有显著性差异。金鳙和黑鳙的肌肉干样中17种氨基酸总含量分别为88.69 g/100 g和87.68 g/100 g、鱼类必需氨基酸含量为43.2 g/100 g和42.63 g/100 g、呈味氨基酸含量为32.52 g/100 g和32.32 g/100 g,没有显著性差异。两者肌肉氨基酸含量高低的排序也一致,含量最高的均为Glu,其次为Asp、Lys、Leu,含量最低的为Pro;必需氨基酸中含量最高的是Lys、Leu,最低的是Met。两种鳙鱼间除2种含硫氨基酸(Met、Cys)和组氨酸(His)含量有显著性差异外,其他氨基酸含量基本一致。从AAS和CS评分值可见,两者的限制性氨基酸均为Val、Ile或Thr。两者的必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为80.47和80.13。研究说明,人工选育的金鳙具有与天然水域鳙鱼相当的营养品质。     

Effect of dietary common carp by‐product protein hydrolysates on antioxidant status in different organs of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary protein hydrolysates from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) by‐products on the antioxidant status of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Common carp by‐product was hydrolysed using Alcalase to a degree of hydrolysis of 15%. The zebrafish were fed for 44 days with four different diets with increasing levels of carp by‐product hydrolysates (CBH0: 0 g/kg; CBH25: 25 g/kg; CBH50: 50 g/kg; CBH100: 100 g/kg). The gills, muscle and brain were dissected at the end of the feeding trial in order to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP) and lipid peroxidation (TBARS). Although total antioxidant capacity did not show differences in muscle (p > 0.05), lipid peroxidation was reduced in the muscle of fish fed the CBH50 diet. Brain lipid peroxidation showed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in all groups when compared with the control diet CBH0. Antioxidant properties of protein hydrolysates indicate their potential as nutraceuticals since (a) a reduction in muscle lipid peroxidation was verified, implying that their use could enhance the quality and shelf life of fish fillets; and (b) a decrease in brain lipid peroxidation was registered, highlighting the potential use of fish protein hydrolysates for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.     

不同菜粕水平对草鱼生长、血清生化指标和毒素残留的影响

为考察不同菜粕水平（0～50．0％）对草鱼生长、饲料利用、血清生化指标和毒素残留的影响。对不同体重的草鱼（初始平均体重约5．0g和18．7g）分别进行了8周的饲养试验，结果表明：随着菜粕水平的升高，不同体重的草鱼增重率、特定生长率、饲料转化率、蛋白质效率均有所下降，但在0、10．0％、20．0％和30．0％组没有显著差异；草鱼（初始平均体重约5．0g）肌肉和肝脏中硫代葡萄糖甙、嚷唑烷硫酮和异硫氰酸盐的含量随饲料中菜粕水平的升高而升高；不同菜粕水平对草鱼（初始平均体重约18．7g）血清中的谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶／谷丙转氨酶、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、白蛋白／球蛋白、尿素氮、血糖、肌肝、B和T3／T4均无显著影响，而对T4和T3＋T4有显著影响，并且对肝脏细胞有不同程度的损害。通过两个试验的研究认为草鱼幼鱼饲料中菜籽粕用量以少于30．0％为宜。     

Comparative Variations of Extractive Nitrogenous Components and Quality in Fresh Muscle and Dried Product of Rabbitfish (Siganus fuscescens) in Taiwan

ABSTRACT

Variations in the level of quality and extractive nitrogenous components were investigated in the fresh muscle and commercial dried products of rabbitfish Siganus fuscescens collected from Penghu, Taiwan. The respective freshness quality for fresh muscle is as follows: trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), 29.50 mg N/100 g; trimethylamine (TMA), 2.30 mg N/100 g; NH₃, 6.61 mg/100 g; total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN), 13.32 mg/100 g; aerobic plate count, 1.53 log CFU/g; and K-value, 28.80%. The respective freshness quality for dried products is as follows: TMAO, 43.44 mg N/100 g; TMA, 25.56 mg N/100 g wet wt.; NH₃, 52.00 mg/100 g wet wt.; TVBN, 149.98 mg/100 g; aerobic plate count, 4.16 log CFU/g; and K-value, 89.73%. The major fatty acids in the fresh muscle and dried products are C16:0, C18:1 n-9, C18:0, C16:1 C22:6 n-3, and C22:5 n-3. The major nucleotide compound is inosine 5?-monophosphate (IMP) in the fresh muscle (68%) and hypoxanthine (Hx) in the dried products (79%). The level of total free amino acids in the dried products shows significant variation depending on the processing method of the plants.     

Fishmeal can be totally replaced by a mixture of rapeseed meal and Chlorella meal in diets for crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fishmeal (FM) replacement by a mixture of rapeseed meal and Chlorella meal (RCM) on growth performance, apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs), digestive enzymatic activities and intestinal histology of crucian carp Carassius auratus gibelioi. Five isonitrogenous diets were formulated to replace 0% (RCM0), 25% (RCM25), 50% (RCM50), 75% (RCM75), and 100% (RCM100) of protein from fishmeal with RCM respectively. Each experimental diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups with 25 juvenile fish (initial body weight: 1.77 ± 0.04 g) per fibreglass tank for 6 weeks. With increasing substitution levels, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, feed intake and protein efficiency ratio increased, but feed conversion rate decreased. Dietary RCM substitution improved lipid content of muscle, but had no significant effect on other proximate composition of muscle and liver. ADCs of dry matter, protein, lipid, energy and the majority of amino acids increased with increasing substitution level, and digestive enzyme activities (amylase, trypsin and lipase) in intestine showed the similar trend with ADCs. Dietary RCM substitution had no significant adverse effect on intestinal histology. This study indicated that FM protein could be completely replaced by mixed protein sources (RCM) in crucian carp diets.     

鲢鳙在长寿湖水生态系统氮磷循环中的作用

为探究长寿湖鲢、鳙在水体生态系统氮(N)磷(P)循环中的作用,研究测定了季节性水体总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)的变化,进行了原位鲢、鳙排泄率的测定。通过N、P排泄对比分析了鲢、鳙对水体N、P的贡献率。通过长寿湖鲢、鳙鱼体N、P含量测定,估算水体中N、P去除量。结果显示:鲢、鳙N、P排泄率夏季最高,冬季最低,季节性温度变化对其排泄率有一定影响;2016—2017在长寿湖平均水温为19.88℃条件下,鲢的N、P排泄率分别为0.973 1μg L-1d-1和0.242 2μg L-1d-1;鳙的N、P排泄率分别为0.642 5μg L-1d-1和0.174 9μg L-1d-1,鲢、鳙N、P排泄量分别占长寿湖藻类初级生产所需N含量的1.19%和0.79%,P含量的9.57%和6.91%;2016—2017长寿湖通过捕捞鲢、鳙产品带走的N、P含量分别为60.61 t和23.31 t。结果表明,长寿湖开展生态养殖对水体N、P贡献较小,不会引起水体富营养化。     

虹鳟鱼肌肉营养成份的分析

采用国标所规定的方法，对虹鳟鱼肌肉的营养成分进行了测定，其粗蛋白为20．5％，粗脂肪为3．34％，水分为73．6％；用氨基酸自动分析仪测定了18种氨基酸含量，并与青鱼、草鱼、兴国红鲤、鲢鱼、鳙鱼的营养物质含量进行对比分析，结果表明：虹鳟的蛋白质含量、脂肪含量以及必需氨基酸的含量均高于上述几种淡水鱼类。     

瓯江彩鲤肌肉营养成分分析

瓯江彩鲤肌肉中蛋白质的含量为18．04％，水分76．61％，灰分1．28％，脂肪2．37％(以上均为鲜重百分比)。肌肉中含有17种氨基酸[总量为770．9mg/g(干重)]；其中，人体必需氨基酸9种[总量为333．5mg/g(干重)]；甘氨酸、丙氨酸、天门冬氨酸及谷氨酸等鲜味氨基酸的含量较高，共330．0mg/g(干重)。此外，还含有适量的钙、铁、锌、硒等矿物元素，锌的含量[16．15mg/kg(鲜重)]高于一般的淡水鱼类。因此，瓯江彩鲤是一种营养价值较高的食用鱼类，宜推广养殖和加工利用。     

实用饲料添加肌醇对草鱼生长、脂质代谢及抗氧化机能的影响

为探讨肌醇对草鱼生长、脂质代谢及抗氧化机能的影响,以实用饲料配方为基础,分别添加0(对照)、50、100、150、200、300和400 mg/kg肌醇,配制成7组等氮等脂的饲料,每组饲料设4个重复,每个重复饲喂初始体质量为(15.00±0.15)g的草鱼25尾,养殖56 d。结果显示,饲料中添加100~150 mg/kg肌醇能显著提高草鱼终末均重(FBW)、增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)及饲料效率(FE);随饲料肌醇添加水平的上升,全鱼脂肪、肝脏脂肪和脂肪沉积率先升后降,在50~300 mg/kg均与对照组存在显著差异,且均在100 mg/kg达到最大值。肌肉脂肪则逐渐下降并趋于稳定,在100 mg/kg达到最小值,100~400 mg/kg差异不显著;肠脂肪酶、血浆总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量及高密度/低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C/LDL-C)均呈先升后降的趋势,除LDL-C在各组间差异不显著外,其余指标均在100~150 mg/kg达到最大值;添加肌醇能显著增强肝脏和肌肉中肉碱脂酰转移酶(CPT-I)和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)的活性。与对照组相比,100 mg/kg肝脏CPT-I的增幅比例低于ACC的增幅比例,肌肉则相反;当肌醇添加水平为100~150 mg/kg时,肝脏和肌肉中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性显著升高,丙二醛(MDA)含量及血浆中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)均显著降低。研究表明,实用饲料添加适宜的肌醇能改善草鱼的生长、饲料转化和肝脏功能,促进脂肪消化,加快脂肪酸的合成与分解代谢,使全鱼和肝脏增脂、肌肉降脂,且能够提高肝脏和肌肉的抗氧化机能。以FE和SGR为效应指标,草鱼实用饲料肌醇适宜添加量为90.3~96.4 mg/kg。     

Effect of dietary n‐3 HUFA on growth performance and tissue fatty acid composition of gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio

A 12‐week growth trial was conducted with gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio (initial weight: 2.69 g) to evaluate the effects of dietary n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 HUFA) on growth performance and tissue fatty acid composition. Five diets of different n‐3 HUFA levels from 0 to 17 g kg^?1 diet were supplemented at 80 g kg^?1 dietary lipid by including fish oil (FO) at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of supplemental lipid. The remainder was coconut oil. The results showed that fish fed FO₂₅ and FO₅₀ obtained highest specific growth rate and lowest with FO₀. Feed efficiency was highest at FO₁₀₀ and lowest at FO₀. Apparent digestibility coefficient of lipid increased with increasing dietary n‐3 HUFA. The fish fed FO₀ diet had the lowest thiobarbituric acid reactive substance in serum and muscle and highest moisture and lowest lipid content in viscera. Fatty acid compositions of muscle and liver were correlated with dietary fatty acids. Fish muscle concentration of 20:5n‐3 increased with increasing dietary n‐3 HUFA while the concentration of 22:6n‐3 was distinctly reduced in FO₀ group. It suggested that 4 g kg^?1 n‐3 HUFA in diet could permit gibel carp normal growth performance and provide considerable n‐3 HUFA in fish muscle. Excessive n‐3 HUFA showed impact on growth performance of gibel carp.