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1.
研究了在红鱼粉型饲料中添加胆汁酸对大菱鲆摄食、生长及肝脏功能的影响。1080尾初始体质量(19.52±0.02)g的大菱鲆随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复90尾,置于12个2.4 m×1.2m×1.1m养殖缸中,投喂白鱼粉饲料、红鱼粉饲料及红鱼粉饲料中分别添加150 mg/kg和300mg/kg胆汁酸4种试验饲料。67d的养殖试验结果表明,与白鱼粉型饲料相比,红鱼粉型饲料组大菱鲆的特定生长率、肥满度、血清甘油三酯和胆固醇均显著降低(P0.05),而饲料系数和血清谷草转氨酶活性显著升高(P0.05);在红鱼粉型饲料中添加150mg/kg胆汁酸后,大菱鲆的特定生长率和肥满度均显著高于未添加胆汁酸组(P0.05);添加300mg/kg胆汁酸试验组的大菱鲆血清谷草转氨酶活性显著低于未添加胆汁酸组(P0.05)。综上所述,红鱼粉型饲料中添加150mg/kg胆汁酸能够显著提高大菱鲆的特定生长率和肥满度,添加300mg/kg胆汁酸能显著降低血清谷草转氨酶活性,起到保护大菱鲆肝脏功能的作用。  相似文献   

2.
为探讨肌醇对草鱼生长、脂质代谢及抗氧化机能的影响,以实用饲料配方为基础,分别添加0(对照)、50、100、150、200、300和400 mg/kg肌醇,配制成7组等氮等脂的饲料,每组饲料设4个重复,每个重复饲喂初始体质量为(15.00±0.15)g的草鱼25尾,养殖56 d。结果显示,饲料中添加100~150 mg/kg肌醇能显著提高草鱼终末均重(FBW)、增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)及饲料效率(FE);随饲料肌醇添加水平的上升,全鱼脂肪、肝脏脂肪和脂肪沉积率先升后降,在50~300 mg/kg均与对照组存在显著差异,且均在100 mg/kg达到最大值。肌肉脂肪则逐渐下降并趋于稳定,在100 mg/kg达到最小值,100~400 mg/kg差异不显著;肠脂肪酶、血浆总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量及高密度/低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C/LDL-C)均呈先升后降的趋势,除LDL-C在各组间差异不显著外,其余指标均在100~150 mg/kg达到最大值;添加肌醇能显著增强肝脏和肌肉中肉碱脂酰转移酶(CPT-I)和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)的活性。与对照组相比,100 mg/kg肝脏CPT-I的增幅比例低于ACC的增幅比例,肌肉则相反;当肌醇添加水平为100~150 mg/kg时,肝脏和肌肉中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性显著升高,丙二醛(MDA)含量及血浆中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)均显著降低。研究表明,实用饲料添加适宜的肌醇能改善草鱼的生长、饲料转化和肝脏功能,促进脂肪消化,加快脂肪酸的合成与分解代谢,使全鱼和肝脏增脂、肌肉降脂,且能够提高肝脏和肌肉的抗氧化机能。以FE和SGR为效应指标,草鱼实用饲料肌醇适宜添加量为90.3~96.4 mg/kg。  相似文献   

3.
在基础饲料中分别添加还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)至0 mg/kg、100 mg/kg、200 mg/kg、300 mg/kg、400 mg/kg和500 mg/kg,分别投喂草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)幼鱼8周,草鱼幼鱼体质量(4.09±0.01)g,观察GSH在草鱼组织中沉积以及对草鱼抗氧化功能的影响.结果表明,饲料中添加外源GSH对草鱼生长影响不显著(P>0.05),实验组肌肉中GSH含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),肝脏中GSH含量在GSH添加水平为200 mg/kg时显著高于对照组(P<0.05),肝脏和肌肉中丙二醛(MDA)在GSH添加水平为300 mg/kg组达到最低,显著低于对照组(P<0.05).添加GSH对血清中GSH和MDA影响不显著(P>0.05).草鱼肝脏中谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活力在400 mg/kg组显著高于对照组(P<0.05),肌肉中GR活力有增高趋势但差异不显著(P>0.05);肝脏和肌肉中γ-谷氨酰转移酶(γ-GT)均高于对照组,分别在300 mg/kg组和200 mg/kg组达到显著水平(P<0.05);肝脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活力、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)能力不同程度升高,均在200 mg/kg组达到最高,显著高于对照组(P<0.05);血清GSH-PX活力和T-AOC有增高趋势但与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);血清和肝脏中活性氧(ROS)含量分别在400 mg/kg和300 mg/kg组达到最低,显著低于对照组(P<0.05).结果提示,饲料中添加GSH能够促进草鱼肝脏和肌肉中GSH的沉积,提高肝脏及肌肉中GR和γ-GT活力,以及肝脏中GSH-PX和SOD活力与总抗氧化能力,减少肝脏中MDA含量,降低肝脏及血清中ROS含量,因此GSH在水产饲料中具有广泛的应用前景.  相似文献   

4.
为探索高脂饲料中添加胆汁酸对齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼肠道组织结构及几种脂肪代谢酶活性的影响,以360尾初始体质量为(12.74±0.14)g的健康齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼为实验对象,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾实验鱼,分别投喂添加了0、75、150和300mg/kg胆汁酸的4种实验饲料,养殖时间为70 d。结果显示,胆汁酸浓度从0增大到75 mg/kg时,齐口裂腹鱼前肠和中肠管壁厚度及肠绒毛高度显著升高,前肠皱襞宽度显著降低。而当胆汁酸浓度再进一步增大时,实验鱼前肠和中肠管壁厚度及肠绒毛高度则升高不明显,其皱襞宽度也降低不显著。未添加胆汁酸的实验组中齐口裂腹鱼前肠和中肠纹状缘畸形或脱落现象严重,随着胆汁酸添加量的增加,逐渐减少至消失。齐口裂腹鱼肠道中脂肪酶(LPS)及肝胰脏中脂蛋白酯酶(LPL)、肝酯酶(HL)和总酯酶(TL)活性均随胆汁酸添加量的增加而呈先升高后趋于稳定的变化趋势。且LPS、LPL活性均在胆汁酸添加量为300 mg/kg时最强(分别为2881.17 U/g和14.43 U/mg prot);HL、TL活性则在胆汁酸添加量为150 mg/kg时活性最强(分别为43.70和58.03 U/mg prot)。但LPS、LPL、HL和TL活性在150与300mg/kg组均无显著差异。研究表明,在饲料中添加75~150 mg/kg的外源胆汁酸能提高齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼脂肪代谢酶的活性,促进对饲料脂肪的代谢和利用,还能改善齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼肠道结构,保护肠道健康。  相似文献   

5.
叶黄素对七彩神仙鱼生长和体色的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
为研究叶黄素对七彩神仙鱼体色和生长的影响,在"牛心汉堡"饲料中分别添加0、50、100、200、300和400 mg/kg叶黄素,饲喂初始平均体质量(10.3±0.3)g的七彩神仙鱼8周。结果显示,添加叶黄素50~200 mg/kg,对鱼体增重率无显著影响,但添加量达200 mg/kg后,饲料系数显著增大,添加量达300 mg/kg后,增重率显著降低。在养殖4周、8周时,鱼体皮肤亮度(L*)无显著变化,皮肤黄度(b*)和叶黄素含量随叶黄素添加量增加而显著升高;8周时,各叶黄素添加组的皮肤b*值和叶黄素含量显著高于4周时,当叶黄素添加量达300 mg/kg后,皮肤b*值(4周、8周)和全鱼叶黄素含量(8周)趋于稳定;4周时,各处理组间的皮肤红度(a*)无显著差异;8周时,当叶黄素添加量达100 mg/kg后,皮肤a*值显著降低;饲料中添加300 mg/kg叶黄素显著提高了七彩神仙鱼肝脏总抗氧化能力。研究表明,在饲料中添加叶黄素可有效改善七彩神仙鱼体表黄色,提高肝脏总抗氧化能力,但高添加量的叶黄素会降低鱼体生长性能,七彩神仙鱼饲料中的叶黄素添加量建议为200~300 mg/kg。  相似文献   

6.
还原型谷胱甘肽对大菱鲆生长及抗氧化能力的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在基础饲料中添加不同剂量的还原型谷胱甘肽,添加量分别为0、100、200、400、600 mg/kg,投喂初始体质量为(23.08±0.09) g的大菱鲆,8周后测定还原型谷胱甘肽对大菱鲆生长及抗氧化能力的影响。试验结果表明,饲料中还原型谷胱甘肽添加量为200 mg/kg时,大菱鲆的质量增加率和特定生长率显著高于其他组(P0.05)。饲料中添加还原型谷胱甘肽对大菱鲆肝脏中丙二醛含量、总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶活力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力均无显著影响(P0.05)。随着还原型谷胱甘肽添加量的增加,大菱鲆肝脏中丙二醛含量呈先降后升的趋势,对照组最高,200 mg/kg试验组最低;大菱鲆肝脏中总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶活力和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力均呈先升后降的趋势,200 mg/kg试验组最高。200 mg/kg试验组和400 mg/kg试验组大菱鲆肝脏中还原型谷胱甘肽含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。200 mg/kg试验组大菱鲆肝脏中谷胱甘肽硫转移酶活力和谷胱甘肽还原酶活力显著低于对照组(P0.05)。根据回归分析,确定大菱鲆饲料中还原型谷胱甘肽的最适添加量为189.70 mg/kg。  相似文献   

7.
为探讨胆汁酸对齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼生长、脂肪沉积、脂肪代谢及相关基因表达的影响;实验以360尾初始体质量为(12.74±0.14) g的健康齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼为对象,随机分为4组,每组设3个重复组,每个重复组放养30尾,分别投喂胆汁酸含量为0、75、150和300mg/kg的4种饲料,养殖时间为70 d。结果显示,随着胆汁酸含量的升高,齐口裂腹鱼的增重率(WGR)呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,且在胆汁酸含量为150 mg/kg时达到最大,为226.63%;其肠脂肪酶(LPS)、肝酯酶(HL)、脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)和总脂酶(TL)活性均呈先升高后趋于稳定的变化趋势;而脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)活性则呈相反的变化趋势;齐口裂腹鱼肝脏LPL mRNA表达量呈先上调后趋于稳定的变化趋势,FAS mRNA表达量呈先下调后趋于稳定的变化趋势;肝脏、肌肉及全鱼中粗脂肪含量均随胆汁酸含量的升高呈先降低后趋于稳定的变化趋势,胆汁酸含量对实验鱼的成活率及脂肪沉积效率无显著性影响。研究表明,本实验条件下,添加适量的胆汁酸可有效上调齐口裂腹鱼LPL mRNA的表达量,下调FAS mRNA的表达量,增强脂肪代谢酶活性,促进对饲料...  相似文献   

8.
苟庚午  蒋明  文华  吴凡  刘伟  田娟  杨长庚 《水产学报》2016,40(9):1309-1320
为评估饲料中添加水飞蓟素对吉富罗非鱼生长性能、肝脏脂肪代谢酶和抗氧化能力的影响,分别在5组等氮等能的吉富罗非鱼饲料中添加不同水平的水飞蓟素[0(对照组)、100、200、400和800 mg/kg],饲喂初始体质量为(8.17±0.31)g的吉富罗非鱼幼鱼9周,测定实验鱼的生长性能、血清生化指标、肝脏脂肪代谢酶活性及抗氧化酶活性。结果显示,随饲料中水飞蓟素添加水平增加,吉富罗非鱼终末体质量、增重率、特定生长率和肥满度均呈先增加后降低的趋势,各指标均在100mg/kg实验组达到最大,100mg/kg实验组的饲料系数显著低于对照组。饲料中添加水飞蓟素显著降低了实验鱼肝体比和脏体比。100mg/kg实验组全鱼、肌肉和肝脏的粗脂肪含量显著低于对照组。血清谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活性随水飞蓟素水平增加呈先降低后升高的趋势,分别在200和100 mg/kg实验组达到最低,两组之间无显著性差异。饲料中添加水飞蓟素后,血清中的甘油三酯含量显著低于对照组;肝脏中的脂蛋白脂酶和总酯酶活性显著高于对照组;肝脏脂肪酶活性呈先上升后降低趋势,在200 mg/kg实验组最高,且与对照组有显著性差异。饲料中添加水飞蓟素后,肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著高于对照组,肝脏过氧化氢酶活性显著低于对照组;肝脏丙二醛含量显著低于对照组。100 mg/kg实验组罗非鱼的肝细胞界限清晰,无核偏移,空泡较少。研究表明,饲料中添加适量水飞蓟素提高了吉富罗非鱼生长性能,调节了肝脏脂肪代谢酶活性和抗氧化能力,对防治肝脏细胞损伤有积极作用。在本实验条件下,推荐吉富罗非鱼幼鱼饲料中水飞蓟素添加水平为100 mg/kg。  相似文献   

9.
胡颂钦  穆俏俏  林艳  缪凌鸿  刘波  董在杰 《水产学报》2023,47(6):069612-069612
为研究饲料中添加茶多酚对团头鲂幼鱼生长性能、饲料利用和抗氧化能力的影响,选取240尾初始体重为(3.5±1.0) g的团头鲂幼鱼,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复20尾。实验配制了茶多酚添加量分别为0 (对照组)、100、300和500 mg/kg的等氮等能饲料,饲喂团头鲂幼鱼8周后测定鱼体生长性能、肌肉组成、血液生化指标和肝肠抗氧化指标。结果显示,摄食300 mg/kg茶多酚组的增重率(WGR)相较于对照组显著提高,蛋白质效率(PER)显著高于低添加量组,饲料系数(FCR)显著降低。500 mg/kg茶多酚显著降低了鱼体肌肉粗脂肪含量。茶多酚的添加显著降低了血浆葡萄糖(GLU)含量,且300和500 mg/kg茶多酚添加组团头鲂肝肠丙二醛(MDA)含量均显著低于无添加组。100和300mg/kg茶多酚添加组鱼体肝肠组织中还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量显著高于对照组。此外,300 mg/kg茶多酚添加组鱼体肝脏的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSHPx)活性也显著高于对照组。养殖实验结束后,通过腹腔注射浓度为50%的四氯化碳(CCl4)溶液诱导...  相似文献   

10.
以初始体质量为(7.27 ±0.40)g的青鱼为研究对象,采用维生素C(VC)含量分别为0(对照组)、16.3、33.9、69.1、137.8和277.5 mg/kg 6种等氮等能实验饲料,饲养青鱼8周后,选取0、69.1和277.5 mg/kg VC组进行24 h氨氮胁迫(20 mg/L),研究VC对青鱼幼鱼生长、免疫及抗氨氮胁迫能力的影响.结果显示:以特定生长率为指标,折线模型分析表明青鱼有效维生素C需要量为63.0 mg/kg.肌肉、肝脏和血清中VC积累量与饲料中VC含量呈正相关性,当VC添加量达到137.8 mg/kg时,肌肉和肝脏中VC积累量达到饱和.饲料中添加VC对血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量无显著影响,饲料中添加VC显著提高了血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-px)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性(P<0.05);血清中谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活力(NKA)随饲料中VC添加量的增加呈升高趋势,而血清皮质醇含量(COR)呈下降趋势.氨氮胁迫有使肝脏和肌肉VC含量、血清T-SOD、CAT、GSH-px活性、GSH含量和鳃丝NKA活性降低,血清VC含量、COR和MDA含量增加趋势.其中,对照组T-SOD、CAT、NKA活性、GSH、MDA和COR胁迫前后差异显著(P<0.05),氨氮胁迫使VC添加组青鱼肝脏VC含量显著降低(P<0.05),而CAT、NKA活力、GSH、COR胁迫前后均无显著变化.69.1 mg/kg VC组T-SOD活性胁迫前后无显著差异,但GSH-px活性和MDA含量胁迫前后差异显著(P<0.05),而277.5 mg/kg VC添加组GSH-px活力和MDA含量胁迫前后差异不显著,但T-SOD活性显著降低,血清VC含量显著升高(P<0.05).研究表明,青鱼获得最好生长的饲料有效VC添加量为63.0 mg/kg,氨氮胁迫使青鱼产生免疫应激反应,而补充VC可有效增强机体免疫,缓解机体免疫应激,改善青鱼抗氨氮胁迫能力.  相似文献   

11.
方卫东  鲁康乐  张春晓  王玲  冯伟  骆源 《水产学报》2016,40(11):1742-1752
为减少牛蛙饲料鱼粉使用量以降低养殖成本,研究了豆粕替代饲料中不同比例的鱼粉对牛蛙的生长性能、体组成、肠道消化酶活力和肝脏生化指标的影响。用豆粕分别替代0%、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%的鱼粉配制出6种等氮等能的实验饲料,每组饲料设3重复,养殖牛蛙60 d。结果显示,豆粕替代鱼粉对牛蛙摄食率、成活率、肝体指数、脏体指数、蛙体水分和灰分含量、蛙腿肌肉组成以及肝脏丙二醛含量的影响不显著;豆粕100%替代鱼粉显著降低牛蛙增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数、蛋白质效率、蛋白质累积率;随豆粕替代鱼粉比例的提高,牛蛙的肥满度和后腿指数呈下降趋势,替代100%鱼粉显著降低牛蛙肥满度,替代60%鱼粉显著降低牛蛙后腿指数;替代80%鱼粉显著降低牛蛙全体粗蛋白的含量;牛蛙全体粗脂肪含量随替代鱼粉比例的提高呈上升的趋势,替代100%鱼粉组粗脂肪含量最高;随着替代比例的提高,牛蛙肠道蛋白酶的活力显著降低,而肠道淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力显著提高。豆粕替代鱼粉显著影响肝脏超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活力,其中超氧化物歧化酶活力最低值出现在替代80%鱼粉组,过氧化氢酶活力最低值出现在替代100%鱼粉组。基于以上实验结果,建议牛蛙饲料中豆粕可替代鱼粉的比例为60%~80%。  相似文献   

12.
饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对牛蛙生长性能的影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
皇康康  张春晓  王玲  宋凯  黄飞 《水产学报》2014,38(6):877-887
为研究饲料中不同蛋白质和脂肪水平对牛蛙生长、体组成和肝脏健康的影响,以红鱼粉、豆粕和酪蛋白为蛋白源,鱼油和豆油为主要脂肪源,α-淀粉为主要糖源,微晶纤维素为填充剂,并补充无机盐和维生素等配制实验饲料。实验设3个蛋白水平(35%、40%和45%),每个蛋白水平下设4个脂肪水平(4%、7%、10%和13%),共12种饲料,饲料可利用能变化范围为12.4~17.8 kJ/g,蛋白能量比变化范围为21.9~32.0 mg/kJ。每种饲料设置3个重复,每个水族缸放养12只牛蛙[初始平均体质量为(91.5±1.1)g],每日饱食投喂2次,实验周期56 d。结果发现,饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对牛蛙的存活率无显著影响,而13%脂肪组的牛蛙肝脏出现颜色不均一和肝体脆化无韧性的现象。饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平显著影响牛蛙的增重率、特定生长率、摄食率、饲料效率和蛋白质效率。其中,40%蛋白组牛蛙的增重率和特定生长率显著高于35%蛋白组,与45%蛋白组无显著差异。随着蛋白质水平的升高,饲料效率显著升高,而摄食率和蛋白质效率显著降低。随着脂肪水平的升高,增重率、特定生长率和摄食率显著升高,饲料效率、蛋白质效率和氮保留率无显著差异。饲料脂肪水平与牛蛙全体的脂肪含量和总能水平正相关,但不影响牛蛙全体的蛋白质含量。随着饲料脂肪水平的升高,牛蛙肝脏丙二醛含量显著升高,过氧化氢酶和脂蛋白酯酶活力先升高后降低。研究表明,牛蛙饲料适宜的蛋白质和脂肪水平分别为40%和7%,适宜蛋白能量比为27.7 mg/kJ。  相似文献   

13.
分别在3组等氮等能的吉富罗非鱼(GIFT,Oreochromis niloticus)饲料中添加不同水平的L-肉碱[0(对照组)、150和300 mg/kg],试验选用初始体重为(8.21±0.33)g的幼鱼投喂9周,探讨L-肉碱对吉富罗非鱼生长、体成分、血清生化指标、肝脏脂肪代谢酶活性和抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明:添加150或300 mg/kg L-肉碱显著提高了罗非鱼增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR),显著降低了实验鱼肝体比(HSI)和脏体比(VSI);添加150 mg/kg L-肉碱组WGR和SGR最高,HSI和VSI最低。添加150 mg/kg L-肉碱显著提高了鱼体肥满度(CF)。饲料系数(FCR)和存活率(SR)在对照组和实验组间无显著差异。添加150或300 mg/kg L-肉碱显著提高了鱼体肝脏中粗蛋白含量,添加150 mg/kg L-肉碱显著降低了肝脏粗脂肪含量。添加150或300 mg/kg L-肉碱时,血清甘油三酯(TG)含量显著降低,肝脏脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)、肝脂酶(HL)、总酯酶(LPL)和脂肪酶(LPS)活性显著上升,肝脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性显著增加,肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量显著下降。添加300 mg/kg L-肉碱显著提高了鱼体肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和溶菌酶(LZM)活性。综上,饲料中添加适量L-肉碱对提高吉富罗非鱼生长性能,促进其脂肪代谢和提高鱼体抗氧化能力有良好效果。基于L-肉碱对罗非鱼增重率和特定生长率的影响,推荐L-肉碱在吉富罗非鱼饲料中的添加量为150 mg/kg。  相似文献   

14.
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary iron supplement on growth, haematology and microelements of juvenile grouper, Epinephelus coioides. Casein–gelatine‐based diets supplemented with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg kg−1 iron from ferrous sulphate were fed to grouper (mean initial weight: 21.0 ± 0.2 g) for 8 weeks. Weight gain was highest in fish fed the diet supplemented with 100 mg kg−1 iron, intermediate in fish fed diets with 50, 150, 200 and 250 mg kg−1 iron and lowest in fish fed the basal diet. Feed efficiency followed a similar trend except that the lowest value was in fish fed the basal diet and the diet supplemented with 250 mg kg−1 iron. Hepatic iron was highest in fish fed diets supplemented with iron ≥100 mg kg−1, followed by fish fed diet with 50 mg kg−1 iron and lowest in fish fed the basal diet. The whole‐body iron was lowest in fish fed the basal diet but not significantly different from other groups, as judged by anova . Iron supplement to the basal diet had no significant effect on haematological parameters (red blood cell count, haematocrit and haemoglobin), hepatic copper concentration or manganese, zinc concentration in liver and whole body. Broken‐line analysis of hepatic iron indicated that iron supplementation of 100 mg kg−1 satisfied the hepatic iron storage and that further supplementation did not expand the iron status.  相似文献   

15.
The study was to investigate effects of dietary chlorogenic acid (CGA) on growth performance, flesh quality and serum biochemical indices of grass carp (95.1 ± 0.3 g) (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed seven different diets, including control diet, Eucommia ulmoides (EU)‐supplemented diet (20 g kg–1) and CGA‐supplemented diets containing 100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg CGA. Contents of collagen and alkaline‐insoluble collagen in muscle and skin were significantly increased by dietary CGA and EU (< .05). Total essential amino acids (TEAA) and total amino acids (TAA) in muscle of grass carp fed EU diet or 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg CGA diet were significantly higher than those of fish fed control diet and 100 and 200 mg/kg CGA diet (< .05). Fish fed 200–800 mg/kg CGA showed significantly lower muscle crude lipid content than EU, control and 100 mg/kg CGA groups (< .05). Fish fed CGA‐supplemented diets (100–800 mg/kg) had significantly higher muscle fibre density and lower muscle fibre diameter than control group (p < .05). In conclusion, supplementation of CGA improved flesh quality of grass carp, and supplemental level of CGA for improving flesh quality and growth was estimated to be 400 mg/kg diet.  相似文献   

16.
This study investigated the effects of dietary lysolecithin on growth performance, feed utilization and metabolic responses of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Fish (initial weight: 14.77 ± 0.45 g) were randomly fed one of five practical diets supplemented with graded levels of lysolecithin (0, 125, 250, 375 and 500 mg/kg) in quadruplicate groups for 10 weeks. Results showed that no significant differences in weight gain, condition factor and viscerosomatic index among all the treatments. Fish fed diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg lysolecithin had significantly decreased feed conversion ratio and significantly increased protein efficiency ratio compared to that fed the control diet. The group with 250 mg/kg of dietary lysolecithin had higher protein and lower lipid contents in the whole body, and lower lipid content in the liver than those in the control group. Groups supplemented with 250–500 mg/kg of dietary lysolecithin had significantly higher gastric and intestinal lipase activities than the control group. Dietary lysolecithin at the level of 250 mg/kg significantly increased the activities of Na+, K+‐ATPase, alkaline phosphatase, total antioxidative capacity, total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase and significantly decreased the content of malondialdehyde compared to the control diet. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of lysolecithin could confer benefits of feed utilization, body composition and antioxidative capacity of channel catfish.  相似文献   

17.
The effect of dietary astaxanthin on growth, survival, and stress tolerance was determined in postlarval Litopenaeus vannamei. An experiment was performed with postlarval shrimp (mean initial wet weight 1.2 mg) fed four isoenergic and isonitrogenous diets containing four supplemented levels of astaxanthin (0, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg diet, respectively). Shrimp fed diets containing 100, 200, and 400 mg astaxanthin/kg diet for 30 d showed higher weight gain (WG, %) and survival compared to the control (without supplementation of astaxanthin). Specific growth rate (SGR, %/day) and final body wet weight (FBW, mg) showed the same pattern as WG. There were no significant differences in growth performance (FBW, WG, and SGR) among the groups fed the diets with astaxanthin supplementation at the termination of feeding trial. Survival of shrimp in the control and 100 mg/kg diet treatments was significantly lower than that of shrimp in the treatments with 200 and 400 mg/kg diet. After 9 d of a stress tolerance test, survival of shrimp in the 200 and 400 mg astaxanthin/kg treatments was significantly higher than that of shrimp in the 0 and 100 mg astaxanthin/kg treatments (P < 0.05). We concluded from this experiment that astaxanthin was a necessary ingredient for the development of larval L. vannamei. Considering the effect of astaxanthin on both, growth performance and survival of postlarval L. vannamei, the level of astaxanthin supplemented in the diet should be between 100 mg and 200 mg/kg of diet.  相似文献   

18.
Two 8‐wk studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of neutral phytase supplementation on hemato‐biochemical status, liver biochemical parameter, and intestinal digestive enzyme activity of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, and gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio, fed with different levels of monocalcium phosphate (MCP). The control diet was prepared with 2% MCP but without phytase (P2.0). The other three experimental diets were prepared with the addition of 1.5, 1.0, and 0.5% MCP, respectively, when supplemented with 500 U/kg neutral phytase in each diet and designated as PP1.5, PP1.0, and PP0.5, respectively. The results indicated that the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities, as well as the albumin (ALB) content were increased in grass carp (P < 0.05) and gibel carp (P > 0.05) fed with phytase‐supplemented diets. Meanwhile, the serum cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein, and total protein contents of the two species of fish were increased in comparison to the control. In addition, dietary phytase inclusion did not significantly affect hepatic ALP, ALT, and AST activities in the two species of carp fed with different levels of MCP. Amylase activity increased in foregut and hindgut of both species when fed with the phytase‐supplemented diets while lipase activity was reduced in the foregut and hindgut in both fish. This study suggests that neutral phytase supplementation increases serum ALP, ALT, and AST activities but does not notably affect these enzyme activities in the liver of the two species of carp when fed different levels of MCP. On the other hand, amylase activity increased while lipase activity was reduced in the intestine of the species of carp fed with phytase‐supplemented diets.  相似文献   

19.
The aim of this study was to investigate effects of dietary geniposide (GP) on growth performance, flesh quality, and lipid metabolism of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (95.2 ± 0.6 g), fed seven different diets, including a control diet; Eucommia ulmoides (EU)–supplemented diet (20 g/kg); and GP‐supplemented diets containing 100, 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg GP, respectively. Weight gain rate was significantly improved (P < 0.05) and feed conversation ratio was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) by supplementation of EU. Grass carp fed 100–800 mg/kg GP‐supplemented diets showed significantly higher total collagen and alkaline‐insoluble collagen content in muscle than control (P < 0.05). Contents of total collagen and the alkaline‐insoluble collagen content in the skin of grass carp were significantly increased by dietary 600–800 mg/kg GP and EU (P < 0.05). Fish fed diets containing 600–800 mg/kg GP showed significantly lower muscle crude lipid content than the EU, control, and 100–400 mg/kg GP groups (P < 0.05). Fish fed 400–800 mg/kg GP diets had significantly higher muscle fiber density and lower muscle fiber diameter and serum triglyceride level than the control (P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of GP could improve flesh quality, but not growth of grass carp. The supplemental level of GP for improving flesh quality was estimated to be a 400–600 mg/kg diet.  相似文献   

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