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随着水产养殖业的发展,营养物质对动物健康的影响受到了广泛重视。蛋白质和氨基酸、脂肪、碳水化合物和维生素等营养物质与水生动物的免疫功能密切相关。总结了已有的研究成果,拟就营养素对水生动物免疫功能的影响作一综述。 相似文献
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以白鲢(鱼种),罗非鱼(鱼种)、鲤(鱼种)、鲫(成鱼)、中华绒螯蟹(幼体)、克氏螯虾(成体)、蝌蚪等水生动物为材料,做银的毒性试验,同时分析含银水体中,鱼体内的银富集状况。试验结果表明:(1)银离子对这几种水生动物幼体的半致死浓度(LC_(50))仅在2—40ppb之间;但对成鱼的 LC_(50)要比幼体大得多。(2)在含银水体中,底层鱼类(如鲫)的银富集量最大的部位在内脏;上层鱼类(如?条)富集量最大的部位是鳃。鱼类中肌肉的富集量最小,其次是骨。 相似文献
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冷应激对水生动物代谢的影响及调控研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
冷应激严重影响水生动物的生理生化过程,致其代谢紊乱,乃至死亡。本文主要从能量代谢、蛋白质代谢、脂肪代谢和核酸代谢4个方面,综述冷应激对水生动物尤其是鱼类代谢的影响、机理、预防及调控研究进展,旨在深入研究冷应激对水生动物的影响,进一步探索其机理、预防和调控方法,抵御冷应激效应,减少低温特别是急剧降温对水生动物尤是鱼类的损害。未来应该从基因、分子、细胞、器官和整体水平,多层次全面深入地研究冷应激对水生动物代谢及其他方面的影响,特别应从分子和基因水平研究其机理,同时采取综合措施如改善养殖环境条件,培育耐寒品种,用基因工程技术改变鱼的耐寒遗传特性,在饲料中添加蛋白质、多不饱和脂肪酸、微量元素等提高鱼类的抗冷应激能力,降低养殖风险,发展可持续渔业。 相似文献
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根据金属元素在地壳、海水、近海沉积物和海洋生物体内的丰度,吸收金属毒性实验研究成果,也考虑了沉积物内金属赋存形态对生物体吸收金属的影响,以及海洋生态系统对金属毒性的敏感程度,初步建立了近岸渔业海域沉积物重金属的生态风险评价指标体系。应用该体系对南海东北部红海湾沉积物重金属的生态风险性作试评价,所得结论同其它研究结果互为补充和借鉴,并能为南海区半封闭型海湾规模化养殖的环境容量研究提供有益的参考。 相似文献
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脂类物质包括中性脂肪、磷脂、蜡、固醇、固醇脂和脂肪酸等物质,是鱼虾的重要营养物质之一,在鱼虾的生长发育中具有重要生理作用,以提供生命活动中所需的能量;构成体组织,行使有关的生理功能;是某些生理活性物质的前身物质和某些重要营养素的溶剂. 相似文献
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As a potent anti‐parasitic agent, ivermectin (IVM) has been commonly used by the aquaculture industry. In this study, the environmental fate and effects of IVM in a simulated aquaculture ecosystem were evaluated. The simulated ecosystem was composed of water, sediment, aquatic plants, invertebrates and fish. According to the new fishery drugs manual, IVM was introduced into the water at a final concentration of 1.6 × 10–4 mg·L–1. The samples, including the roots and leaves of aquatic plants, the visceral mass and muscle of fish, the soft tissue of mud snails, sediment and water were collected at 0.5 hr, 1, 7, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 70 days after the treatment. Our results indicated that IVM was distributed quickly and widely into the whole ecosystem and accumulated to high levels in organisms resulting in residues that persisted for a long time. The IVM concentration in the sediment increased continuously and reached a peak (2.896 ng·g–1) at 30 days. Moreover, the concentration of IVM in the water declined from 0.5 hr to 1 day and then increased to a peak of 0.130 ng·mL–1 at 7 days. The IVM concentrations in the fish reached a peak in muscle (192.10 ng·g–1) and visceral mass (259.82 ng·g–1) at 7 days. IVM was quickly accumulated by the aquatic plants, and it was found at higher levels in the leaves than in the roots. The IVM concentration in the mud snails reached its peak with a value of 24.750 ng·g–1 at 7 days and then decreased quickly at 15 days. It was notable that a second peak of IVM accumulated in the fish and aquatic plants after 30 days. The aquaculture ecosystem simulated in this study was feasible and effective and could be applied to assess the fate of IVM in aquatic environments. 相似文献
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水产动物药物代谢动力学研究概况 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文总结了水产动物药物代谢动力学研究所涉及的受试动物、原形药物以及部分药物的代谢产物 ,比较了药浴法、肌肉注射法、口服法、血管注射法、心包内或血窦内注射给药等不同给药途径在水产动物药动学研究中的优缺点 ,探讨了种属差异、性别和健康状况等水产动物生理因素以及温度和盐度等环境因素对药动学的影响 ,分析了水产动物药动学研究模型如房室模型、非房室模型和生理学模型的特点 ,并提出了我国水产动物药动学的今后研究方向 相似文献
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中国水产动物疾病学研究进展黄琪琰(上海水产大学,200090)关键词水产动物,病理学,中国THEADVANCEMENTOFPATHOLOGICALRESEARCHESONAQUATICANIMALSINCHINA¥HuangQiyan(Shangha... 相似文献
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B族维生素是一类具有辅酶功能的水溶性维生素 ,主要包括硫胺素 (B1)、核黄素 (B2 )、泛酸 (B3)、尼克酸和尼克酰胺(B5)、吡哆醇 (B6)、生物素 (B7)、叶酸 (B11)及钴胺素 (B12 ) ,它们在动物营养中起重要作用 ,随着水产养殖的兴起 ,对水产动物B族维生素的营养生理及需要量等的研究也发展迅速。近年来 ,人们对水产动物B族维生素营养研究的方法进行了深入探索 ,找到了一些反映维生素营养状况的生化指标 ,并结合对生长和缺乏症的观察 ,确定了一些水产动物B族维生素的需要量。总结这些研究方法 ,特别是能够快速、准确反映维生素营养… 相似文献
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寡聚糖的生理功能及其在水产动物中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
寡聚糖一般不能被单胃动物自身分泌的消化酶消化,但能被消化道后部微生物产生的酶分解。研究表明:寡聚糖具有优化肠道微生态区系、阻止病原菌与肠粘膜结合及增强宿主免疫力的作用。在水产动物上,寡聚糖可以促进生长,提高成活率,改善饲料利用率,其应用会越来越广泛。 相似文献
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鱼类和水生动物基因组作图(genome mapping)研究落后于陆生动物。水生经济动物的遗传图谱只是最近二、三年才有报道[1-3]。虽然起步晚,但以鱼类为代表的水生动物的基因组研究已经有了可观进展。本文试图从如下几个方面作一综述:1.分子遗传标记及其在基因组作图研究中的应用,2.水生动物基因组研究的现状,3.水生动物基因组作图的前景。1 分子遗传标记及其在基因组作图研究中的应用1.1 分子遗传标记 遗传标记一般可分为形态学标记、细胞学标记、生化标记和DNA分子标记。其中只有DNA分子标记是核苷酸水… 相似文献
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Sara Emelie Löfgren Artur Smânia Jr Elza de Fátima Albino Smânia Evelyne Bachère & Margherita Anna Barracco 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(16):1805-1812
This study reports the in vitro activity of six antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) produced by aquatic animals (most marine invertebrates): tachyplesin (Tach), magainin (Mag), clavanin (Clav), penaeidin (Pen), mytilin (Myt) and antilipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) against marine vibrios, filamentous fungi and yeast. Their stability under salinity conditions and seawater was also examined. The results showed that Mag, Myt and especially Tach and ALF (minimum inhibitory concentration<1.5 μM) had a potent activity against all tested vibrio species, whereas Clav and Pen were ineffective (up to 50 μM). With respect to the antifungal activity, each AMP had a different potency according to the fungal species. In general terms, Tach was the most potent peptide, followed by Mag. Interestingly, Tach, Myt and ALF had a significant effect on the filamentous fungus Fusarium solani that could be pathogenic to marine organisms. All AMPs had a tendency to decrease or lose their activity at high salinity (>225 mM NaCl). Tach and Myt were the most stable peptides, maintaining significant activity under seawater salinity (450 mM). Curiously, all peptides lost their effect under seawater conditions. The results suggest that Tach, ALF and Myt are the most promising candidates for potential therapeutic use in farmed-marine species, because all have a significant and broad antimicrobial activity maintained at high salinity. 相似文献
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