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1.
金海水库浮游植物调查及群落结构研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
为了了解和掌握金海水库水质状况,于2012年6月至2013年5月对金海水库水体理化指标及浮游植物的群落结构进行了逐月监测。采样期间共鉴定出浮游植物7门33属45种,其中绿藻门最多,15属24种;硅藻门次之,8属11种;蓝藻门、裸藻门、甲藻门、隐藻门和金藻门分别鉴定出4属4种、2属2种、2属2种、1属1种、1属1种。金海水库浮游植物数量变化范围20.1×104~335×104个/L,夏季最多,春季最少。浮游植物数量与环境因子相关性分析表明,水体中浮游植物数量主要受水温以及总磷浓度影响。优势度分析表明,金海水库浮游植物优势种有小球藻、肥壮蹄形藻、中型脆杆藻、微小色球藻等31种。金海水库浮游植物多样性指数和均匀度指数分别变化在1.29~3.52和0.38~0.82。金海水库水体浮游植物群落结构较为稳定,整体上以绿藻-硅藻型为主。金海水库水质总体为轻度污染。  相似文献   

2.
达里诺尔湖夏季浮游植物群落结构及分布特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了探究达里诺尔湖夏季浮游植物群落结构特征及水质状况,对浮游植物的种类组成、多样性及环境理化因子进行监测。2015年夏季在湖区设置9个采样点进行定期采样,通过Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数等数据处理,结合Pearson相关分析,研究浮游植物群落结构空间分布特征、多样性及其与环境因子的相关性。结果表明,调查期间共发现浮游植物5门、39属、77种;其中绿藻门29种,占总种数37.66%;蓝藻门和硅藻门均有23种,均占29.87%。达里湖夏季浮游植物优势种为3门、14种,主要优势种为单生卵囊藻(Oocystis solitaria)、湖生卵囊藻(Oocystis lacustris)、不定微囊藻(Microcystis incerta)、小球藻(Chlorella sp.)和细小隐球藻(Aphanocapsa elachista)。浮游植物丰度为4.55×10~4~26.78×10~4个/L,其平均值为:水面下0.5 m(22.46×10~4个/L)1.5 m(20.86×10~4个/L)4.5 m(14.15×10~4个/L)底泥上0.5 m(9.32×10~4个/L);浮游植物生物量为0.682~6.695 mg/L,垂向变化趋势与浮游植物丰度一致。相关分析表明,夏季达里诺尔湖浮游植物丰度与温度、p H值、溶解氧及叶绿素a呈极显著正相关,与盐度相关性不明显。浮游植物群落Shannon-Wiener指数为3.330~4.452,Pielou指数为0.799~0.912,结合浮游植物丰度、优势种及多样性指数分析结果,达里诺尔湖属于绿藻-蓝藻-硅藻型,且水体处于寡污染水平。  相似文献   

3.
贵州草海秋季浮游植物群落结构与水质因子的关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了探究贵州草海浮游植物群落结构特征及其与水质环境因子的关系,为其水资源保护和可持续发展提供参考依据。于2017年11月(秋季)对贵州草海16个采样点的浮游植物种类组成、细胞密度、优势种及环境因子进行调查,同时利用分层聚类分析、冗余分析(RDA)和主成分分析(PCA)的方法探讨浮游植物群落结构、环境因子、采样点三者之间的关系。结果显示,本次调查共鉴定出浮游植物7门、66属、139种;其中蓝藻门12属、22种,绿藻门28属、69种,硅藻门16属、29种,隐藻门2属、3种,裸藻门4属、11种,甲藻门3属、4种,金藻门1属、1种;其中绿藻为优势门类,占浮游植物总数的49.64%;硅藻次之,占20.86%;蓝藻居第三位,占15.83%,金藻最少,仅占0.72%。调查期间,样点6、7、11、12的叶绿素a含量较高,均高于5.0μg/L,细胞密度也较大,均超过了107个/L。各采样点浮游植物的群落结构聚类分析表明,样点7、11、12聚为一类,其优势门类均为蓝藻,且位于靠近威宁县城的沿岸带。各采样点与环境变量之间的主成分分析(PCA)结果显示,6、7、11、12号采样点主要受营养盐、总溶解固体和盐度的影响,浮游植物与环境因子的冗余分析(RDA)得出蓝藻受营养盐的影响较大。研究表明,威宁县城沿岸带的藻类细胞密度明显高于其它位点,其优势门类为蓝藻,营养盐是导致威宁县城沿岸带藻类细胞密度过高的主要原因。  相似文献   

4.
里下河腹地位于江淮两大水系交融地带,人类活动严重影响区域水生态环境。鉴于浮游植物群落结构及多样性可作为水环境变化重要指示生物,于2015-2017年对里下河腹地典型湖泊大纵湖浮游植物群落结构及环境因子进行逐月采样调查,分别采用藻类生物学指标和综合营养指数对大纵湖营养状态进行综合评价,并且基于相关性分析法,探讨浮游植物与水环境因子的响应关系。结果显示,大纵湖在调查期间共鉴定出浮游植物7门、123种,以绿藻、硅藻、蓝藻为主,分别为50、35、18种,占总种数的40.65%、28.46%、14.63%。全湖各采样点浮游植物的平均丰度为3.70×106 ~6.25×106 个/L;空间上略有差异,夏季藻类丰度较高,冬季最低。大纵湖各个采样点浮游植物优势种基本相同,共8种。浮游植物物种多样性指数和均匀度年均值分别为2.74和0.78,表明大纵湖处于轻-中度污染状态。综合营养指数显示,大纵湖处于轻度富营养状态,两者结果基本一致。相关性分析表明,水温(T)、透明度(SD)、浊度(TUB)和总氮(TN)是影响大纵湖浮游植物群落结构的主要水质指标。  相似文献   

5.
2021年4月(春季)、7月(夏季)、10月(秋季)和2022年1月(冬季),采用规范方法调查监测和分析受面源污染的浅水铁哈拉泡(46°30’~46°50’N,123°59’~124°15’E)浮游植物群落结构特征及其与水环境因子的关系,并对湖泡水生态保护和治理提出了建议。连环湖铁哈拉泡共鉴定出浮游植物7门66属115种及变种,绿藻门、硅藻门和蓝藻门种类优势占比较大,占总种类数的85.22%。浮游植物的总平均丰度为464.4×104ind./L,总平均生物量为1.533 3 mg/L,绿藻门、硅藻门和蓝藻门丰度和生物量均高于其他门类,其中蓝藻门平均丰度(217.8×104ind./L)和平均生物量(0.489 4 mg/L)均最高。铁哈拉泡浮游植物群落结构季节变化显著,春季蓝藻门、硅藻门和绿藻门为优势门类;夏季和秋季分别为蓝藻门的微囊藻(Microcystis sp.)和硅藻门中的小环藻(Cyclotella sp.)凸显出较大优势;冬季则演变为隐藻门、裸藻门、甲藻门和硅藻门共同占优势的群落结构。TSIM评价结果表明,湖泡营养状态为轻微的富营...  相似文献   

6.
根据2013年调水调沙前(6月)、后(8月)在黄河口及其邻近水域进行浮游植物与环境调查数据,研究该水域夏季浮游植物种类组成、优势种、群落多样性的变化,应用典范对应分析(CCA)研究黄河口浮游植物群落空间结构与环境因子的关系,并探讨黄河调水调沙事件对浮游植物群落结构的影响。结果显示,本次调查共鉴定浮游植物88种,隶属于4门40属。其中,硅藻门种类最多,共30属66种,占总种数的74.2%;甲藻门次之,共6属16种,占总种数的18.2%;绿藻门共3属5种,占总种数的5.7%;金藻门仅1属1种。调水调沙前浮游植物优势种为旋链角毛藻和细弱圆筛藻,调水调沙后的优势种为梭状角藻和旋链角毛藻。浮游植物群落物种丰富度指数D、多样性指数H'和均匀度指数J'均呈现调水调沙前高后低的趋势。典范对应分析表明,调水调沙前影响浮游植物群落空间结构的主要因素为硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、溶解氧和透明度;调水调沙后影响浮游植物群落空间结构的主要因素为溶解氧、活性硅酸盐、铵盐和透明度。黄河调水调沙带来的营养盐变化可能是引起调水调沙前、后浮游植物种类组成和群落结构差异的主要因素。  相似文献   

7.
2007年4月和8月对乌伦古湖浮游植物进行了调查。经鉴定,调查区域内浮游植物共计8门172种(含未定种)。其中绿藻门74种(含未定种),硅藻门50种(含未定种),蓝藻门27种(含未定种),其他种类占12.2%。4月浮游植物平均细胞密度和生物量分别为33.49×104ind/L和0.4552mg/L;8月分别为276.28×104ind/L和3.6578mg/L。依据浮游植物物种组成和细胞密度,利用Bray-Curtis相似性测定,对浮游植物群落结构进行聚类(Cluster analysis)和多维(Multidimensional scaling,MDS)分析。结果显示,春、秋季布伦托海浮游植物群落结构聚为两大类,吉力湖聚为三大类;由于各采样点的水深、水温、pH值、透明度等环境因子的差异导致浮游植物群落结构发生变化,采用聚类和多维分析,有效地揭示了乌伦古湖春、秋季各采样点间浮游植物群落结构的相似性;多维分析与聚类分析结果一致,从二维空间角度证实了聚类结论。乌伦古湖属高纬度地区水体,春、秋两季出现以硅藻为优势类群的浮游植物群落类型;结合乌伦古湖浮游植物的优势种、数量和生物量的检测结果,该湖属于贫-中营养型湖泊。本研究旨在群落结构层面探讨春、秋季乌伦古湖浮游植物的变化规律,为今后进一步合理利用该湖丰富的水生生物资源提供科学依据。  相似文献   

8.
为了探究鸭绿江下游浮游植物群落的演替规律及与环境因子的关系,2012-2016年每年的春季(4月枯水期)和秋季(9月丰水期)进行2次采样调查。根据鸭绿江下游的环境特点,遵循采样点具有代表性的原则,以鸭绿江下游的宽甸县河口村为起点,以丹东市振兴区浪头镇为终点,共设7个采样点,对鸭绿江下游连续5年进行了浮游植物群落结构及水体理化因子的监测。结果表明,鸭绿江下游共鉴定出浮游植物77种,分属于7门47属,其中硅藻门30种,绿藻门28种,裸藻门6种,甲藻门3种,金藻门2种,隐藻门1种,群落组成以硅藻和绿藻为主。主要优势种有梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana)、颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulata)、克罗顿脆杆藻(Fragilaria crotonensis)、辐射圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus radiatus)和美丽星杆藻(Asterionella formosa)。浮游植物生物量从上游至下游逐渐升高,2012-2014年的年际生物量较高,从2015年开始生物量骤减。影响浮游植物生物量最主要的环境因子是水温、透明度和总氮,生物量与水温、总氮呈极显著正相关(P0.01),与透明度呈显著负相关(P0.05)。  相似文献   

9.
为了解三峡库区典型支流回水区浮游植物群落结构特征及环境因子的影响,于2018年5月(低水位期)和10月(高水位期)对御临河、澎溪河、大宁河和香溪河回水区的浮游植物群落结构和水环境进行了调查。共采集到浮游植物7门99种,以硅藻门、绿藻门和蓝藻门为主,各支流回水区浮游植物种类数排序为澎溪河>大宁河>御临河>香溪河。5月各支流回水区浮游植物群落以蓝藻及绿藻为优势类群,水华蓝藻、微囊藻为这些水域的共同优势种;10月以硅藻和绿藻为优势类群,硅藻门小环藻为这些水域的共同优势种。5月各支流回水区浮游植物丰度显著高于10月,均以澎溪河回水区丰度最高,御临河回水区丰度最低。不同支流回水区浮游植物Shannon-Winner多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数无显著差异。相似性分析结果表明,5月和10月支流回水区浮游植物群落结构存在显著差异,5月各支流间差异不显著,10月各支流间差异显著。Spearman秩相关分析和冗余分析结果表明,水温对三峡库区支流回水区浮游植物丰度和群落结构具有显著影响;5月,pH和高锰酸盐指数对浮游植物群落结构具有显著正向影响;10月,综合营养状态指数和磷酸盐对浮游植物群落结构具有显著影响。  相似文献   

10.
为了探究大泉沟水库浮游植物群落结构的动态变化特征及综合水质状况,为库区水资源保护和渔业可持续发展提供参考依据,于2015年10月(枯水期)、2016年4月(丰水期)和7月(平水期),对库区内4个采样点进行了浮游植物群落与水质调查。结果表明,本次调查共鉴定出浮游植物8门161种,其中绿藻67种、硅藻48种、蓝藻26种、裸藻6种、隐藻6种、黄藻6种、金藻1种、甲藻1种,浮游植物群落结构组成属于绿藻-硅藻型;浮游植物主要优势种为小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)、尖针杆藻(Synedra acus)、拟气球藻(Botrydiopsis intercedens)、四尾栅藻(Scenedesmus quadricauda)、细小平裂藻(Merismopedia minima)等;浮游植物密度为0.86×106~5.54×106个/L、平均值为2.13×106个/L;浮游植物的Shannon-Wiener指数(H)、Margalef指数(Dm)及Pielou均匀度指数(J)变化范围分别为1.97~2.56、1.83~3.01和0.68~0.77。研究显示,大泉沟水库目前处于中污染状态;相关分析表明,水温、总磷、透明度和溶解氧是大泉沟水库浮游植物群落结构变化的主要影响因子,大泉沟水库属中营养至中度富营养水库。  相似文献   

11.
12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

16.
17.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

18.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

19.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

20.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

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