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1.
盐度对鲻鱼前期仔鱼生长与存活的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文研究了鲻鱼前期仔鱼在不同海水盐度条件下的生长和存活情况。结果表明:鲻鱼前期仔鱼生长与存活的适宜盐度范围为20-32‰,盐度低于20‰,随盐度下降,前期仔鱼存活率降低,生长速度趋慢;反之,盐度高于32‰,随盐度升高,前期仔鱼存活率降低,生长速度趋缓。  相似文献   

2.
本文通过不同水质盐度对乌鳢胚胎及仔鱼发育影响的试验,得出乌鳢的胚胎发育对水质盐度的适应范围为0-13.68‰,适宜范围为1.50-7.12‰;其仔鱼较胚胎发育期耐盐能力相对较弱,适应范围为0-5.62‰,适宜范围为0.-2.9‰。  相似文献   

3.
采用自育自繁亲虾,用温泉水高温,人工育苗18.59万尾(0.8-1.0cm),最高育苗密度10.3万尾/m^3,成活率84.5%;外购亲虾用锅炉提温,人工育苗7.79万尾(1.65cm),育苗密度5.53万尾/m^3,成活率64.98%,孵化育苗水温26.0-30.0℃、PH7-8.5、盐度12-14‰、溶氟4-6.5mg/l,氨氮0.3-0.8mg/l。本试验表明,罗氏沼虾人工孵化育苗,在辽宁地  相似文献   

4.
花鲈的胚胎发育和仔鱼发育   总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17  
本文描述了温度为12.2-14.0℃、盐度为22‰的天然海水中用捕自浙江省宁海县和奉化市沿海的花鲈进行人工繁殖时,花鲈的胚胎发育和仔鱼发育情况。  相似文献   

5.
温度和盐度对花鲈胚胎及前期仔鱼发育影响的初步报告   总被引:30,自引:0,他引:30  
花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)胚胎发育的适宜温度为10~22℃,10℃组中的畸形率偏高,因此最适宜温度为13~22℃。短时期的7℃低温对胚胎发育没有影响;前期仔鱼的适温范围与胚胎的适温范围基本一致。胚胎发育的适宜 盐度为19‰~28‰,以22‰~25‰为最佳;仔鱼对盐度的要求与胚胎期近似。以低盐度和高盐 度相比较,4日龄以后,低盐度似有利于仔鱼存活。  相似文献   

6.
盐度对褶皱臂尾轮虫存活及其休眠卵孵化的影响   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
本文报道了不同盐度对褶皱臂尾轮虫存活及其休眠卵孵化的影响。采自低盐度和较高盐度水体中的褶皱臂尾轮虫休眠卵,在纯水和50‰的高盐度孵化液中都不能孵化,但在淡水和5-40‰工的孵化液中均有不同比例的孵化,其中以5‰盐度中的孵化率最高。采自20‰盐度的休眠卵在15‰盐度中孵化的幼轮虫在5-30‰盐工中,3小时内,其存活率均达90%以上,不必通过驯化,可直接投喂到不同盐度的育苗池。而采自4‰盐度的休眠卵5  相似文献   

7.
生态因子对条斑紫菜自由丝状体生长的影响   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11  
报道了生态因子对条斑紫菜自由丝状体生长的影响,结果表明,条斑紫菜自由丝状体生长的最适宜盐度范围为20 ̄30,低于10的盐度不能生长,最适宜温度范围为15℃ ̄25℃,高限为30℃,适宜光辐射照度15μEm%-2S^-1 ̄60μEm^2S^-1,添加的适宜N浓度20g/m^3 ̄60g/m^3,P为1.5g/m^3 ̄5g/m^3。  相似文献   

8.
红罗非鱼海水养殖试验研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
红罗非鱼对盐度的适应范围较广,本试验将红罗非鱼由淡水中以5‰的盐度梯度逐步驯化到17.5‰的海水中,成活率达100%;其最佳生长盐度范围是5‰-10‰,耐盐度可达35‰,至40‰盐度时出现死亡。在不同盐度水体中生长的红罗非鱼粗蛋白,粗脂肪含量顺序为:17.5‰组>10‰组>5‰组>0‰。红罗非鱼和对虾混养,对虾成活率达89.7%;红罗非鱼成活率为62.6%,而日增重率达2.26克/天。经测量和数理  相似文献   

9.
牙鲆胚胎及其初孵仔鱼的盐度耐受力   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
实验盐度设置为5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50。当盐度为5~35时,牙鲆(Paralichthys oli-vaceus)胚胎的孵化率都高于95%;仔鱼体态正常,72h后的存活率高于95%。刚孵化的仔鱼在低盐度下的体长较长,但72h后,没有明显差异(P〉0.05)。自然条件(盐度为32)孵化的仔鱼转移到不同盐度的溶液中,在盐度5~45内,仔鱼的存活率高于50%。实验初步表明  相似文献   

10.
本研究采用不同盐度的海水对Mian状黄姑鱼受精卵的沉浮性,胚胎发育的孵化时间,孵化率,仔鱼的分布状态和成活率的影响进行研究。结果表明,Mian状黄姑鱼受精卵在盐度26.9‰以下的海水呈沉性,在盐度40.7‰以上的海水呈乳性,盐度26.9‰-40.7‰则由沉性向浮性过渡。Mian状黄姑鱼受精卵在盐度13.7‰-53.0‰均可孵化,但孵化适合盐度为26.9‰-40.7‰。  相似文献   

11.
以云纹石斑鱼(Epinehelus moara)为母本、鞍带石斑鱼(Epineheluslanceolatus)为父本进行种间杂交,观察比较了不同盐度(5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45)条件下受精卵的孵化率、初孵仔鱼畸形率,以及仔、稚、幼鱼的生长发育及形态变化;测定了盐度为30时,正常初孵仔鱼的不投饵存活系数(SAI)。结果显示,受精卵孵化的最适盐度范围是35–37,初孵仔鱼最适生存盐度为20–30。盐度为20–35时,仔鱼不投饵存活系数值较高(均在30以上);盐度为5、10、45时,仔鱼的SAI值较低。胚后发育根据卵黄囊的有无、第2背鳍棘和腹鳍棘的伸长与收缩、鳞片及体色的变化,分为仔、稚、幼鱼3个时期。在本研究条件下,初孵至2日龄为前期仔鱼,初孵仔鱼全长为(1.959±0.152) mm,主要特征为卵黄囊和油球未被吸收消化;3–30日龄为后期仔鱼,3日龄仔鱼全长为(2.765±0.108) mm,主要特征是第2背鳍棘与腹鳍棘的绝对长度已达到仔、稚鱼阶段的最大值;31–45日龄为稚鱼期,31日龄稚鱼全长为(18.130±1.565) mm,主要特征为内脏器官发育完善、鱼体呈透明状;46日龄后进入幼鱼期,此时全长为(39.850±2.565) mm,体色形成、开始被鳞、体表布满细小的棕色斑点。  相似文献   

12.
盐度对棘头梅童鱼胚胎发育和仔鱼存活的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
观察比较了11个盐度梯度[0、5、10、15、20、25、30(自然海水)、35、40、45、50]下,棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lueidus)胚胎的沉浮情况、孵化时间、孵化率和畸形率,并测定了初孵仔鱼的不投饵存活系数(SAI)。结果表明:(1)棘头梅童鱼胚胎在海水盐度为30及以上时100%漂浮;盐度为25时,95%漂浮,5%悬浮;盐度为20时95%悬浮,5%沉底;盐度为15时95%沉底,5%悬浮;盐度为10及以下时100%沉底。在水温18~20℃的条件下,棘头梅童鱼胚胎在盐度5~40范围内经28~32 h能孵化出仔鱼,盐度对孵化时间影响不显著(P>0.05)。但孵化率和畸形率因盐度不同而有显著差异。综合分析表明棘头梅童鱼胚胎孵化的适宜盐度范围为15~35,孵化最适盐度范围在20~30之间。(2)在可孵出鱼苗盐度范围(5~40)内,棘头梅童鱼仔鱼SAI值为(1.80±0.03)~(11.85±0.02),与卵的孵化率呈正相关关系。仔鱼生存的适宜生长盐度为10~30,最适盐度范围为20~25。  相似文献   

13.
本研究采用不同盐度的海水对(鱼免)状黄姑鱼受精卵的沉浮性、胚胎发育的孵化时间、孵化率、仔鱼的分布状态和成活率的影响进行研究。结果表明:(鱼免)状黄姑鱼受精卵在盐度26.9‰以下的海水呈沉性,在盐度40.7‰以上的海水呈浮性,盐度26.9‰~40.7‰则由沉性向浮性过渡。(鱼免)状黄姑鱼受精卵在盐度13.7‰~53.0‰均可孵化,但孵化适合盐度为26.9‰~40.7‰。从仔鱼的分布状态、活动情况、成活率等几方面综合分析、(鱼免)状黄姑鱼仔鱼的合适盐度为26.9—33.4‰。  相似文献   

14.
为了研究盐度对褐点石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)♀×清水石斑鱼(Epinephelus polyphekadion)♂杂交后代(简称杂交石斑鱼)受精卵孵化、卵黄囊仔鱼形态及活力的影响,将杂交石斑鱼受精卵置于不同盐度水体中,观察盐度胁迫下卵径、油球径、孵化率及畸形率,以及孵化后卵黄囊仔鱼形态变化和活力状况。结果表明,在本研究条件下,受精卵卵径随盐度降低而增大,油球径不随盐度变化而变化。在盐度18~36范围内均能孵化仔鱼,但因盐度不同孵化率和初孵仔鱼畸形率有显著差异(P0.05);随盐度升高,孵化率呈先升后降的变化,初孵仔鱼畸形率则相反。盐度24~36组孵化后3 d仔鱼卵黄囊几乎完全消耗,组间无显著差异(P0.05)。在盐度24~36范围内,随着盐度的增加,仔鱼的不投饵存活系数(SAI值)呈先升后降的变化曲线;盐度30~33范围内,初孵仔鱼SAI值大于5;5日龄仔鱼全部死亡,半数死亡时间出现在孵化后3.5 d。综上分析表明,该杂交石斑鱼受精卵孵化及仔鱼培育的适宜盐度范围为24~36,最适盐度范围为30~33。  相似文献   

15.
观察研究了10个盐度梯度(7、12、17、22、27、32、37、42、47和52)对条纹锯鮨(Centropristis striata)仔鱼的活力、开口和摄食情况的影响,记录分析其在不同盐度条件下不投饵存活系数、开口率、摄食率及摄食强度等指标.结果显示,盐度对条纹锯鮨仔鱼的活力、摄食及存活有明显影响,其存活和摄食的适宜盐度范围为12-37,最适盐度范围为27-32.盐度低于12时,仔鱼存活率、开口率和摄食强度随盐度的降低而降低,盐度高于37时,仔鱼存活率、开口率及摄食强度则随盐度的升高而降低.不同盐度条件下,条纹锯鮨仔鱼SAI值的波动范围为0.034-6.401,盐度为12-37的实验组与7、42、47、52实验组的SAI值存在显著性差异(P<0.05),盐度为32时,仔鱼的SAI 值最大,为6.041,SAI值与盐度之间符合三次曲线函数关系,其表达式为y=-5.894+1.155x-0.034x2+0.000x3,R2 =0.895,其中,y代表SAI,x代表盐度.盐度为7、42、47和52时,仔鱼的存活率均低于50%,盐度为52、47时,仔鱼在第3、4天存活率分别降为0.盐度为22、27、32时,培育至第5天,仔鱼的存活率均在80%以上.盐度在17-37范围内,仔鱼开口率为60%-85%,且仔鱼均能较好摄食,盐度为32时,仔鱼开口率达到最大值,为85%,仔鱼摄食亦达到最佳状态,摄食率为85%,8日龄仔鱼摄食强度为5.45个轮虫/尾.  相似文献   

16.
为探究我国北方海域花鲈繁育适宜盐度和pH处理的设定,及促进早期花鲈苗种推广,本研究针对不同盐度(0、15、20、25、30、35和40)与pH(5.5、6.5、7.5、8.5和9.5)条件下,北方人工繁殖花鲈受精卵的孵化率、畸形率及饥饿10 d后的存活情况进行了分析,并对花鲈初孵仔鱼进行不投饵耐饥饿实验,记录每日存活率(SR)及最终生存活力指数(SAI)。最后观测低盐0、养殖盐度30与高盐45对花鲈早期幼鱼生长性能的影响。结果显示,北方海域花鲈受精卵适宜孵化盐度为20~35,以盐度25组孵化率最高,适宜pH为6.5~7.5,以pH 6.5组孵化率最高。低盐15组中,具最低的孵化率及最高的畸形率,但在最终饥饿SR的统计中,低盐15组的SR及SAI明显高于盐度30与35组,推测低盐15接近花鲈体液等渗点,降低了渗透调节中的能量消耗,更利于存活。初孵仔鱼饥饿实验中,盐度20组SR下降相对平缓,在第8天仍有12.66%的SR(其他组已为0)。饥饿1 d时,各pH组SR均小于90%,以pH 6.5组SR最高,为89.11%。与盐度处理组相比,花鲈初孵仔鱼对pH变化较为敏感,其孵化率及最终SR显著低于盐度处理组。花鲈早期幼鱼盐度处理组中,低盐0与高盐45将对此规格花鲈幼鱼产生较大损伤,以高盐45抑制最显著,应为苗种盐度推广的上限,而花鲈生长盐度30与各处理盐度相比,较适合花鲈早期幼鱼的生长。研究结果将为北方海域花鲈繁育适宜盐度和pH处理的设定,及提高花鲈孵化率、育苗成活率与早期苗种推广提供基础资料。  相似文献   

17.
The combined effects of temperature and salinity on larval survival and development of the mud crab, Scylla serrata, were investigated in the laboratory. Newly hatched larvae were reared under 20 °C temperature and salinity combinations (i.e. combinations of four temperatures 25, 28, 31, 34 °C with five salinities 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 g L−1). The results showed that temperature and salinity as well as the interaction of the two parameters significantly affected the survival of zoeal larvae. Salinity at 15 g L−1 resulted in no larval survival to the first crab stage, suggesting that the lower salinity tolerance limit for mud crab larvae lies somewhere between salinity 15 and 20 g L−1. However, within the salinity range of 20–35 g L−1, no significant effects on survival of zoeal larvae were detected (P>0.05). The combined effects of temperature and salinity on larval survival were also evident as at low salinities, both high and low temperature led to mass mortality of newly hatched larvae (e.g. 34 °C/15 g L−1, 34 °C/20 g L−1 and 25 °C/15 g L−1 combinations). In contrast, the low temperature and high salinity combination of 25 °C/35 g L−1 resulted in one of the highest survival to the megalopal stage. It was also shown that at optimal 28 °C, larvae could withstand broader salinity conditions. Temperature, salinity and their interaction also significantly affected larval development. At 34 °C, the mean larval development time to megalopa under different salinity conditions ranged from 13.5 to 18.5 days. It increased to between 20.6 and 22.6 days at 25 °C. The effects of salinity on larval development were demonstrated by the fact that for all the temperatures tested, the fastest mean development to megalopa was always recorded at the salinity of 25 g L−1. However, a different trend of salinity effects was shown for megalopae as their duration consistently increased with an increase in salinity from 20 to 35 g L−1. In summary, S. serrata larvae tolerate a broad range of salinity and temperature conditions. Rearing temperature 25–30 °C and salinity 20–35 g L−1 generally result in reasonable survival. However, from an aquaculture point of view, a higher temperature range of 28–30 °C and a salinity range of 20–30 g L−1 are recommended as it shortens the culture cycle.  相似文献   

18.
在盐度为5‰,水温(28±0.5)℃的条件下,对延迟投饵0~7d的奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus)仔鱼摄食、生长与存活进行了研究,并确定了仔鱼的饥饿不可逆点(PNR)。试验于仔鱼开口的当天开始试验。结果显示:仔鱼于3日龄开口;延迟投饵0~7 d组,投饵2 h后仔鱼摄食发生率分别为20%、100%、83.3%、36.7%、13.3%、6.7%、3.3%和0%,各组之间差异显著(P<0.05);延迟投饵在2 d以内,10日龄仔鱼体长和体重与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),延迟投饵超过2 d,体长和体重显著低于对照组(P<0.05);奥尼罗非鱼仔鱼存活率随延迟投饵天数增加而降低,延迟0~2 d的10日龄仔鱼的存活率相差不大,介于78.6%~79.3%,各组差异不显著(P>0.05),延迟投饵超过2 d的仔鱼存活率较低,介于0%~33.3%;奥尼罗非鱼仔鱼的不可逆点出现在仔鱼开口后第4 d,开始投喂的最佳时间在仔鱼开口后的3 d之内。  相似文献   

19.
Along the Atlantic coast black sea bass occur from the Gulf of Maine to Florida and support important commercial and recreational fisheries. Interest in commercial production of black sea bass has increased in recent years due to high demand and limited seasonable availability. Efforts towards large-scale production have been hampered by a high incidence of early larval mortality. Two of the most important environmental variables affecting hatchery production of marine finfish larvae are temperature and salinity. In the wild, larval black sea bass are found in waters with temperatures of 12–24 C and salinity levels of 30–35 ppt. Studies were conducted to define the temperature and salinity ranges that support growth and development of black sea bass during early life stages. Three developmental phases were investigated: 1) fertilization to hatch: 2) hatch through yolk sac absorption: and 3) during the initial exogenous feeding stage (5–14 days post hatch: DPH). Fertilized eggs were obtained by manual spawning of fish following administration of LHRHa. Fertilized eggs were transferred to 300-mL glass Petri dishes or 500-mL beakers to assess the effects of salinity and temperature through hatch and yolk sac absorption, respectively. To determine environmental effects on growth and survival during initial exogenous feeding 400 actively feeding larvae were cultured in green water and fed enriched rotifers for a 9-d period. For investigation of the effect of salinity, sea water (35 ppt) was diluted gradually to 15, 20, 25, and 30 ppt and maintained at 21 C. For examination of the effect of temperature, seawater was adjusted from 21 C to 12, 15, 21, 27, or 30 C at a rate of 3 C/h. No eggs hatched at 12 C or when salinity was maintained at 0 or 5 ppt. Hatching was uniformly high (≥ 85%) at temperatures between 15 and 27 C and at salinities ≥ 15 ppt. Survival through yolk sac absorption was greatest at temperatures between 18 and 27 C and at salinities ≥ 20 ppt. Survival through first feeding stage was highest at temperatures ≥ 18 C and 30 ppt salinity. Larval growth through first feeding was not significantly affected by salinity level but did increase with rearing temperature. The results indicate that survival and development of black sea bass during early life stages are most favorable at temperatures >18 C with salinity levels approaching full strength seawater.  相似文献   

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