黑鲷育苗技术

研究了黑鲷苗种培育的适宜环境、饵料选择、日常管理、病害防治等一套繁育流程。在300m3育苗水体中,最终培育出3cm黑鲪鱼苗53.9万尾,成活率30.7%。     

黑鲷冷冻精液人工育苗试验

黑鲷人工育苗研究已有30年的历史，日本在60年代进行黑鲷人工育苗，80年代开始建造大型黑鲷人工渔场。我国港台地区于70年代进行这方面的试验工作，福建省水产研究所和江苏省海洋水产研究所分别于1980、1981年取得黑鲷苗种中间生产成功。南海水产研究所于1990年首次在我国南海区取得黑鲷苗种批量生产的成功。在此基础上，     

七星鲈工厂化育苗技术探索

七星鲈,俗称海鲈鱼、花鲈,属于广盐性鱼类,在自然环境下主要栖息于沿海地区及河川下游出海口附近,对环境适应力强,具群游性,为广东、福建等沿海地区主要养殖品种。为了研究七星鲈亲鱼驯化、人工催产、苗种培育等关键技术,解决江苏地区养殖生产对苗种的需求,笔者所在江苏银宝海富水产种苗有限公司于2018—2020年开展了七星鲈工厂化育苗技术研究,形成了一套较为完善的育苗方法,为今后七星鲈工厂化育苗提供了坚实的基础。现将七星鲈工厂化育苗经验介绍如下,供参考。     

花鲈工厂化育苗技术要点及工艺流程

花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)属鲈形目、(鱼旨)科、花鲈属,主要分布于我国、朝鲜及日本沿海。该鱼生长快,抗病力强,适温与适盐范围广,肉味鲜美,是我国重要的网箱与池塘养殖经济鱼类之一。由于花鲈自然资源的衰退,野生种苗的数量已经满足不了养殖业的发展需求,因此,开展工厂化育苗十分必要。笔者根据近年来的育苗生产经验,并参阅有关文献,总结出如下育苗技术要点及工艺流程,以供参考。     

杂交吴郭鱼(罗非鱼)工厂化育苗技术

杂交吴郭鱼（罗非鱼）工厂化育苗技术＠钟建兴＠陈远生￥福建省水产研究所￥厦门集美鹭业水产优良品种繁育场杂交吴郭鱼（罗非鱼）工厂化育苗技术钟建兴陈远生（福建省水产研究所，厦门３６１０１２）（厦门集美鹭业水产优良品种繁育场吴郭鱼（罗非鱼）是台湾主要养殖鱼类。经多...     

青虾工厂化育苗试验

利用河蟹人工育苗工厂设施进行青虾工厂化育苗，2001年度育苗三茬，培育出仔虾苗2.2亿尾。抱卵率为93%，孵化率为84%，平均培育率为33%，平均单位水体育苗16.3万尾/m^3.     

真鲷工厂化育苗试验

真鲷工厂化育苗试验，采用低温自然产卵，控温静水微充气孵化，次低温阶段培育，后期自然流水培育的方法，历时3个多月，成功育成9～32mm真鲷鱼苗51万尾。     

泥东风螺Babylonia lutosa（Lamarck）的人工育苗技术

本文对泥东风螺工厂化人工育苗的主要技术环节进行了初步探讨。幼体培育密度为5万个／m^3，以金藻、扁藻、小球藻为饵料，并根据水质的好坏结合适当的换水量，能成功的获得变态稚贝，变态率达30％;稚贝培育密度为3000粒／m^2，以蟹肉，杂鱼肉为饵料，最终获得规格0．5～1cm的螺苗150万粒。整个育苗工艺达到工厂化生产要求。     

花尾胡椒鲷人工育苗技术

花尾胡椒鲷(Plectorhinchus cinctus)属鲈形目、石鲈科、胡椒鲷属,为温带、亚热带浅海底层鱼类。我国沿海均有产。该鱼肉味鲜美、营养丰富,在闽南养殖一年就达商品规格(约500g),市场价格高于黑鲷。目前花尾胡鲷已成为广东、福建及浙江沿海网箱养殖的优良鱼类之一,但苗种供不应求。宁波海湾水产苗种繁育中心于2001年5月开展了花尾胡椒鲷人工育苗试验,本文介绍该项技术。     

黑鲷工厂化育苗研究(Ⅱ)——大、小水体生产性育苗试验

本文涉及1984～1986年黑鲷人工亲鱼的培育、产卵与孵化、生物饵料的培养与供应、室内大、小水体与室外大水体育苗等试验结果。     

许氏平鲉的生物学特征及其人工养殖

本文综述了许氏平鲉的生态特征,摄食与生长、繁殖习性等生物学特征。介绍了亲鱼选择、人工培育及病害防治技术。     

Origin of broodstock and effects on the deformities of gilthead sea bream (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sparus aurata</Emphasis> L. 1758) in a Mediterranean commercial hatchery

The use of broodstock of different origin as a method to improve fry production performance and consequently to minimize deformities was examined at industrial scale in a commercial gilthead sea bream hatchery. The outcome of fry production from three different broodstock groups (BA: broodfish (Mediterranean) with multiannual hatchery presence, BB: selected offspring originating from the BA group, and BC: broodfish of Atlantic origin) was investigated in the same rearing conditions and feeding protocol. Performance factors assessed were the survival and weaning of the larvae; the mortality rates from the “weaning until the end of the hatchery stage” of the larvae/fry; the percentage of fry without swim bladder; the percentage of fry with skeletal deformities and the feed conversion ratio. In all factors, no statistical differences among the experimental groups were detected. However, due to early rejection of the deformed individuals, benefits are expected from the decrease of the supplied amount of food and the reduced labor cost.     

The pseudo-green water technique for intensive rearing of sea bream (Sparus aurata) larvae

The “pseudo green water” technology for sea bream(Sparus aurata) larval rearing was evaluated by analyzingresults of a 2-year study, performed in a pilot scale system. Thetechnology is characterized by the daily addition of phytoplankton in therearing tanks during the first month of rearing. Effects of egg origin,spawningseason and initial larval density on the larval rearing were investigated. Fishreared in “pseudo green water” systems for 60 days, presented highbiological performance in terms of survival (56 ± 16%), meanweight (62 ± 12 mg), total length (20 ± 1mm), conformity with wild standard (88 ± 9%), andfunctional swim bladder (93 ± 4%). The results present homogenitybetween the categories (origin of eggs, time of spawning, initial egg density)studied, proving the stability of the technology.     

Growth and Survival of Larval Red Sea Bream Pagrus major and Japanese Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus Fed Microbound Diets

To establish the practical use of microbound diets (MBD) for larval fish in mass seedling production, rearing experiments of larval red sea bream, Pagrus major , and Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaeeus , were conducted. A mixture of various protein sources was used, and dietary amino acid patterns were approximated to those of larval whole body protein. Two thousand red sea bream larvae and 1,000 Japanese flounder larvae, all 10 days old, were placed in 100 liter tanks with running sea water under ambient water temperature, which ranged from 18 to 20C. The particle size of MBD was 125 μm at the beginning of the experiment and adjusted as fish size increased thereafter. Employing MBD together with a small amount of live food could sustain the growth and survival of larval red sea bream and Japanese flounder. Thus, data from the present study indicates that substitution of artificial feeds for live foods is possible for larval fish production, although improvements in MBD diets may be necessary before they are adequate for large scale seedling production.     

黑鲷工厂化育苗研究(Ⅱ)——大、小水体生产性育苗试验

<正> 2.2 室内大水体(水泥池)育苗试验2.2.1 培苗条件 1984年和1985年冬用南、北育苗室60m~3水泥地2个;1986年用北育苗室60m~3水泥地3个和南育苗室60m~3水泥地2个。北育苗室为全卧式池,南育苗室为半卧式池。池底四周均向中央放坡,中央排水孔通向池底管道,再经池外活动摇臂向外排水。活动摇臂兼有保持水位的作用。北育苗室屋顶透光率为95％,水面照度400～14000lx,水温18.2～22.7℃,pH7.9～8.2;     

Oxygen deficiency during somitogenesis causes centrum defects in red sea bream, Pagrus major (Temminck et Schlegel)

Vertebral deformities in red sea bream, Pagrus major, remain serious obstacles to the improvement of seedling quality for its aquaculture. However, the causalities of the deformities remain unclear and prevention methods have not yet been established. In this paper, oxygen deficiency during somitogenesis was demonstrated to cause centrum defects (formerly called fused vertebrae in many cases), which are the major vertebral deformity in cultured red sea bream. An induction experiment of centrum defects was conducted by placing fertilized red sea bream eggs under low dissolved oxygen conditions (10.3–16.6%). The low oxygen treatment was carried out for five different developmental stages of embryo: two‐cell stage to blastula stage; gastrula stage; three to 10 somites stage; 11–17 somites stage and 18–24 somites stage. Oxygen deficiency during somitogenesis induced a high incidence of centrum defects. In contrast, it hardly induced centrum defects during the other stages. The dissolved oxygen concentration in the rearing water should be carefully regulated for fertilized eggs, especially during somitogenesis to reduce the incidence of vertebral deformities in the red sea bream.     

Genetic assessment of three gilthead sea bream (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sparus aurata</Emphasis> L.) populations along the Spanish coast and of three broodstocks managements

The gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) is one of the most important Sparid farmed in Europe, especially in the Mediterranean area. However, efficient breeding programs for this species are scarce and very little, and it is known concerning their population structure. The present study was mainly designed to genetically characterize, by microsatellite markers, three gilthead sea bream populations sampled along the Spanish coast (Cantabrian Sea, the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea) and their progeny with the aim of studying its genetic variability and its genetic structure. Moreover, we evaluated different strategies of broodstocks management (breeders’ number, origin and sex combination) on parental contributions and on effective breeding numbers. That number of breeders in the stock was of great importance to the maximization of contribution since the larger broodstock resulted in larger proportion of parents contributing. Variation in dam and sire spawning incidence and in number of progeny produced per dam and per sire was translated into reduced effective breeding numbers and consequently into expected increased inbreeding rates. Our results highlight the high genetic variability of the studied sea bream populations, as well as the existence of three genetically differentiated populations along the Spanish coast. These findings should be relevant for the establishment of successful breeding programs in aquaculture of the gilthead sea bream.     

Effect of geographic origin, temperature and timing of broodstock collection on conditioning, spawning success and larval viability of Ruditapes decussatus (Linné, 1758)

Culture of Ruditapes decussatus is clearly limited by the availability of seed, as this production proceeds almost exclusively from natural recruitment. Artificial spawning and larval rearing programs could provide an alternative source of spat. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of different conditioning temperatures on the broodstock maturation, spawning success and larval viability of two geographically (north and south of the Iberian Peninsula) distinct populations of European clam (R. decussatus) collected at different periods of the year in order to create “optimal” artificial spawning and larval rearing programs. Two batches of clams from each population were collected in October and February, and conditioned at 18 ± 1°C, 20 ± 1°C and 22 ± 1°C. Of the three variables analysed the timing of broodstock collection was the most determining factor for gametogenic development, spawning and larval rearing. Geographic origin and conditioning temperature also greatly affected the spawning. The results also showed that the February conditioning was more effective than October and that the best conditioning temperatures were 20 ± 1°C and 22 ± 1°C for the northern and southern populations, respectively. These results suggest that the efficient conditioning temperature for each population of the same species is related to the seasonal temperature regime from their geographic origin. Larval viability and growth performance seemed to be independent of the broodstock conditioning.     

Spawning season,spawning grounds,and egg production of red sea bream in Hiuchi-nada,Seto Inland Sea

The spawning season and grounds of red sea bream in Hiuchi-nada, the central part of the Seto Inland Sea, were described using a new method based on monoclonal antibodies for identifying Pagrus major eggs, and the daily egg production (standardized by the incubation time and survival rate) was estimated. At the peak of spawning (May), the ranges of sea temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll a where red sea bream eggs occurred were 14.8–17.4°C, 32.0–33.0, 0.5–4.4 μg/L, respectively. The main spawning grounds of the red sea bream were confirmed as being the areas near the Geiyo Islands, Misaki Peninsula, Saijyo, Niihama. The spatial spread of red sea bream eggs increased with the egg developmental stage. The ranges of daily egg production in 2005 and 2006 were 0.3–19.3 and 0.2–6.7 × 10⁹ eggs/day, respectively. In Hiuchi-nada, aquaculture farms are located close to the spawning grounds, and the potential spawning population from the aquaculture farms equaled or exceeded that of the estimated spawning population obtained by the egg production method. Red sea bream eggs in Hiuchi-nada might be produced by both wild and aquaculture-based spawning populations.     

Factors Influencing Early Survival and Growth of Laboratory‐reared Pacific Bluefin Tuna,Thunnus orientalis,Larvae

The collection of fertilized eggs for mass culture of Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT) relies on the spontaneous spawning of broodstock in captivity, and the spawning season of the broodstock is generally from mid‐May to September. The diameter of fertilized eggs from the broodstock decreases during the spawning season. To investigate the influence of three potential factors, the egg diameter (larger or smaller), the rearing water temperature (25 or 28 C), and the aeration rate during the night (strong or weak), on early survival and on growth of PBT larvae, replicate trials were conducted to assess these three factors until 7 d after hatching (d.a.h.). At 7 d.a.h., survival rates of larvae reared with strong nighttime aeration were found by a three‐way ANOVA to be significantly higher than for larvae reared with weak aeration. Furthermore, growth rates of PBT larvae hatched from larger eggs were significantly faster than those from smaller eggs. However, a significant difference in the survival rate was not detected for the factors, egg diameter and rearing water temperature. The results indicate that rearing with strong nighttime aeration significantly improved the early survival of PBT larvae and the egg diameter (a proxy for egg quality) and influenced growth.