影响斑点叉尾(鲴)亲鱼自然产卵率的关键因素研究

斑点叉尾(鲴)是重要的经济养殖鱼类,本文从斑点叉尾(鲴)亲鱼年龄、放养密度、产卵槽类型、饲料类型、池塘局部气候条件、池塘底质类型等方面对影响斑点叉尾(鲴)自然产卵的关键因素进行了研究.结果表明,挑选4～5龄的亲鱼,在冬季气温、水温适当偏低的山区风口处建培育池,培育池底质为黏土硬底质或鹅卵石带沙底质,每667 m2放亲鱼10～30组,全部投喂动物性饲料,用特制的土瓦罐作产卵槽,获得较高的自然产卵率.     

HACCP体系在斑点叉尾人工繁殖中的应用

在江西峡江和赣州进行了HACCP(Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point)体系在斑点叉尾(Ictaluruspunctatus)人工繁殖中的应用研究。应用HACCP的基本原理,对整个斑点叉尾人工繁殖过程进行危害分析,确立了亲鱼培育池的选择、亲鱼种质选择、亲鱼产卵池的选择、受精卵孵化、苗种培育、水质监测、饲料供应、日常管理等8个关键控制点,提出了相应的预防措施、关键限值、监控措施以及超过关键限值时的纠正措施,使各关键控制点处于人为控制之下。实现了斑点叉尾人工繁殖按无公害化、规范化、标准化生产。     

斑点叉尾健康养殖模式

一、概述万安县建立了以"池塘培育斑点叉尾苗种,网箱养殖斑点叉尾成鱼"为核心的斑点叉尾健康养殖模式——万安模式。到2010年底,全县斑点叉尾养殖池塘达1万亩,网箱养殖突破10万米2,斑点叉尾产量达1万吨,总产值达1.3亿元。二、池塘培育斑点叉尾优质苗种技术要点1.鱼种培育池的条件与准备(1)池塘条件:鱼种池要求水源方便、水质良好、进排水设施完善;池底平坦,淤泥厚度小于20     

宁夏地区斑点叉尾鮰工厂化繁育试验研究

为了探索斑点叉尾鮰在宁夏地区人工繁育技术的适宜条件,针对宁夏地区斑点叉尾鮰人工繁殖及苗种培育技术需求,分别开展了不同催产素配组及亲鱼人工配组的方法对斑点叉尾鮰催产率的影响、不同孵化温度对受精卵孵化率的影响及斑点叉尾鮰当年苗种培育试验。结果显示:水温23. 5℃条件下,使用催产药物可以使斑点叉尾鮰亲鱼在相对集中的时间段内产卵,且使用组合药物的催产率优于单纯使用一种药物的催产率,但是催产效果不明显。人工辅助配组产卵与池塘自然产卵相比,人工辅助配组产卵可以提高亲鱼的产卵率;斑点叉尾鮰受精卵最适人工孵化温度为24℃～26℃;适宜产卵温度为23℃～27℃。鱼种培育试验表明:斑点叉尾鮰在宁夏地区一龄鱼种生长比较快,从乌仔到一龄鱼种培育阶段建议放养密度在37. 5万尾/hm~2～45万尾/hm~2为宜。     

斑点叉尾高密度流水养殖试验

斑点叉尾俗称美国鱼,因其肉质鲜美、无肌间刺、高蛋白且不饱和脂肪酸含量高而广受消费者欢迎。我站于1992年引进原种斑点叉尾亲鱼,并于1993年繁殖成功,在池塘养殖中得到大规模推广。为了满足广大消费者的需求,提高斑点叉尾的品质和养殖效益,我站进行了高密度流水养殖斑点叉尾试验。经过半年多     

提高斑点叉尾(鮰)亲鱼产卵量和产卵率关键技术

斑点叉尾(鮰)亲鱼产卵量和产卵率决定了孵化鱼苗数量和养殖规模,但在斑点叉尾(鮰)实际养殖过程中,亲鱼产卵量和产卵率往往不稳定,时高时低,严重影响斑点叉尾(鮰)鱼苗生产计划.     

斑点叉尾鮰的人工繁殖试验

针对我区斑点叉尾鮰鱼苗供应自给率低的状况，于2000年～2002年在那马水产中试基地进行了斑点叉尾鮰人工繁殖技术试验。2000年9月选择后备亲鱼198尾，培育至次年4～5月间产卵，共获得卵块35块，产卵率为35．4％，平均受精率87％，孵化出卵黄苗36万尾，培育至2．8cm规格时存活34．4万尾，成活率95．6％。     

斑点叉尾鮰人工孵化试验

斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus Pantatus)属鲶形目，卵枯黄色，受精后呈粘性，结成铁状卵块。目前，美欧等主要养殖国家，人工繁殖通常采用池塘自然产卵人工孵化，孵化使用多种类型的孵化器。我们在1992～1993课题试验期间，采用池塘放置产卵巢诱导亲鱼产卵，用水车式水动力孵化器孵化，获得了成功。     

斑点叉尾鮰人工催产技术与效果

湖北省水产科学研究所于1984年率先从美国引进斑点叉尾鮰带黄囊幼苗，经过3年养殖，亲鱼的培育在国内获得首次成功。随后迅速在全国范围内推广养殖，现已形成了叉尾鮰的产业化生产。近几年笔者就该鱼的苗种繁殖进行了调查，发现各地的苗种繁殖效果不尽人意，主要问题是亲鱼产卵率普遍较低，亲鱼年产卵率一般在20％～65％之间，平均产卵率只有30％～35％。为了探索提高亲鱼产卵率的方法，     

斑点叉尾鮰亲鱼池塘培育关键技术的研究

斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)繁育亲鱼筛选可量参数:体长为头长的3.88~4.17倍、体长为体高的4.59~5.26倍、体长为尾柄长的5.73~6.73倍、体长为尾柄高的11.05~11.95倍、尾柄长为尾柄高的1.78~1.94倍。亲鱼培育产卵池塘适宜面积为0.20~0.53hm2,单位面积池塘内亲鱼承载量为2400~2550kg/hm2,3~6龄亲鱼放养密度为375~450组/hm2。投喂亲鱼饵料以含蛋白质36%人工配合饵料与动物性饲料相结合。亲鱼培育池塘水体昼夜变化的溶氧量为4.0mg/L以上、pH值为6.8~7.6、氨氮小于0.3mg/L、亚硝酸盐为0.01mg/L以下,亲鱼产卵率为80%以上。     

Effects of photoperiod on growth and spawning efficiency of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) broodstock in a recycling system

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of photoperiod on the growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and spawning performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock. Duplicate groups of two males (66±3.04 g) and six females (50.5±1.58 g) were stocked in 0.4 m³ fibreglass tanks in a recirculating water system at a male:female ratio of 1:3. The fish were subjected to four photoperiod treatments: 24:0 light:dark (L:D), 18L:6D, 12L:12D and 6L:18D. Light intensity was kept constant at about 2500 lx throughout the study. The fish were fed a commercial tilapia diet (35% crude protein and 16.6 MJ GE kg⁻¹) at a daily rate of 2–3% of tank biomass, twice a day, for 130 days. Males grew significantly faster than females under all photoperiod regimes. The best growth rate and FCR were attained at 18L:6D, followed by 24L:0D, 12L:12D and 6L:18D respectively. The number of eggs per female, number of eggs per spawn and number of spawnings per female were all significantly higher in the 12L:12D treatment than in all other photoperiod cycles. Interspawning intervals and days elapsed per spawn were also shorter in the 12L:12D treatment. The time to first spawning was slightly longer in the 24L:0D and 6L:18D than in 12L:12D and 18L:6D light phases. The 18L:6D and 6L:18D photoperiods produced the lowest spawning performance. It is concluded that a 12L:12D photoperiod regime should be adopted for maximum fecundity, seed production and spawning frequencies of Nile tilapia broodstock reared in intensive, recirculating systems. If maximum reproduction is desired, a near‐natural day length photoperiod should be used.     

Effects of dietary keto-carotenoids (canthaxanthin and astaxanthin) on the reproductive performance of female rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)

The aim of this study was to clarify further the relationship between dietary keto-carotenoids (canthaxanthin and astaxanthin) and reproductive performance in female rainbow trout. Three experiments were undertaken in three successive breeding seasons. In addition to a control diet, fish were fed a canthaxanthin-supplemented diet (200 mg canthaxanthin kg⁻¹ feed, designated as 6mC200) for 6 months prior to spawning (experiment A); the same diet as in A but for either 3 months (3mC200) or 6 months (6mC200) before spawning (experiment B); diets with one of two levels of astaxanthin supplementation, 50 mg (6mA50) or 100 mg (6mA100) kg⁻¹ feed, or a diet with 100 mg canthaxanthin kg⁻¹ feed (6mC100) fed for 6 months (experiment C).
There was no significant influence of carotenoid supplementation on either the frequency of maturing females or the date of maturation. The number of ova per kg of female body weight averaged 2700 and did not vary significantly among fish fed the different diets. Across experiments A, B and C there was no significant difference in egg and larval survival among fish fed carotenoid-supplemented and control diets. In experiment A, 6mC200 females produced smaller eggs than controls but this result was not confirmed in experiments B and C. In general, eyed egg yield appeared partly dependent upon egg size. Alevin weight was also correlated with egg weight. The growth test conducted on fingerlings from experiment B failed to provide any evidence of an effect of feeding carotenoid supplemented diets to the female parent. Pigment analyses conducted on alevins revealed that canthaxanthin fed to the female parent was transferred into the eggs and therefore to the larvae, although canthaxanthin was metabolized within a few weeks after hatching.     

Induced spawning, larval development and rearing of two indigenous Malaysian mahseer, Tor tambroides and T. douronensis

The Mahseers (Tor spp.) are highly valued freshwater fishes across the Himalayan and South‐east Asian regions. Over exploitation of natural stocks because of high demand and the deteriorating environmental conditions have resulted in marked decline of mahseers in the wild. Malaysian mahseers, T. tambroides (Bleeker) and T. douronensis (Valenciennes), locally known as empurau, kelah or belian and semah, respectively, have significant cultural and economic importance but both species are now threatened in the wild because of environmental degradation and over fishing. A captive breeding programme was instigated to attempt to propagate these two species artificially for conservation and aquaculture purposes. Both pond‐reared and tank‐held T. tambroides and T. douronensis reached sexual maturity in captivity and were successfully induced to spawn using hormone treatments. Ovaprim (0.5 mL kg^?1) was the most successful hormone treatment for both species. Pre‐treatment of fish with Ovaplant (28–68 μg kg^?1, 2–7 weeks before spawning induction) greatly improved the success rate of spawning induction. Repeat spawning (within 4 months of initial spawning) was induced in some captive fish. Use of formalin baths improved hatching by preventing fungal infections. Embryonic development and hatching are described. Juveniles were reared in static greenwater ponds. Tor tambroides reached 142–179 g (max 270 g) in 60 weeks. These results represent the first successful captive spawning and rearing of both species. Options for future research to improve production are discussed.     

Effect of partial or total replacement of forage fish by a dry diet on the quality of reproduction in pikeperch, Sander lucioperca

The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the influence of different feeding regimes on the quality of reproduction in pikeperch. Three diets were tested: forage fish (FF), a commercial dry feed (DD) and a mix of both (FD).  The diets were given to fish throughout a complete reproductive cycle. During the spawning season, couples were injected with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and let to spawn on nests. Proportion of running males, spawning and hatching success and larval quality (weight, length, body protein, total lipid, fatty acid and lipid class compositions and resistances to osmotic shock and starvation stress tests at hatching) were evaluated. The proportion of running male was lower in the DD group than in the FF and FD groups (54% for DD against 76–89% for FF and FD). In addition, 25%, 62.5% and 75% of injected couples gave spawning that hatched in DD, FF and FD groups respectively. Larval quality parameters were not significantly different between treatments. The results indicate that overall quality of reproduction was higher in FF and FD treatments than in DD. It suggests that the dry feed used was not totally adequate for pikeperch reproduction. Relations between breeder reproductive performances and the feed compositions are discussed.     

Influence of photoperiod and temperature manipulation on gonadal development and spawning in Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus): Implications for artificial propagation

Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus), a spring spawning teleost, were subjected to various photoperiod and temperature regimes to study the feasibility of shifting the timing of spawning for artificial propagation purposes. A total of 650 female reproductively mature R. rutilus caspicus were subjected to different photoperiod and temperature regimes including four light regimes (natural light (NL), 16 hr of light (L):8 hr of darkness (D), 9L:15D, 11L:13D), each affected by three temperature regimes (14, 20 and 24°C) for 70 days. Five fish per tank were randomly sampled on Feb. 10, Feb. 20, March 28, April 15 and April 30 (natural spawning time). Ovarian tissue sections were studied using light microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The levels of 17‐β estradiol (E2) and 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone (OHP) were also measured in the serum samples. In late winter (March 28th), the gonadal maturation and spawning were accelerated in fish treated with the long day length (16L/8D) and warm temperature (20°C). While, the maturation of oocytes and spawning delayed in fish exposed to low temperature (14°C) and short day length (9L/15D and 11L/13D). Photoperiod seems to play a more important role in the ovarian development of the R. rutilus caspicus compared to temperature; since even among the fish treated with the lowest temperature (14°C), those exposed to a longer day length (16L/8D), matured and spawned earlier than the others. Considering that the earliest spawning occurred in R. rutilus caspicus treated with 16L/8D at 20°C and the latest spawning occurred in fish exposed to low temperature and short photoperiod, it can be concluded that temperature and photoperiod play an important role in accelerating oocyte maturation and spawning.     

Early out-of-season induced spawning of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) conditioned in heated earthen ponds

This study documents early out-of-season induced spawning of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. During the early spring (February–April) of 1999, 2000 and 2001, ponds containing (1) male and female channel catfish (mixed-sex ponds) or (2) male channel and blue catfish I. furcatus only, or female channel catfish only (single-sex ponds) were heated to 24–30°C to encourage gonadal maturation and spawning. Unheated ponds were stocked with males and females and were monitored during the duration of heating. When natural spawning occurred in the heated ponds, the fish were captured by seining and unspawned females were injected with 100 μg kg⁻¹ of synthetic leutenizing hormone-releasing hormone. Injected females were either paired with males or held in communal all-female groups, and monitored for ovulation. Eggs were collected and fertilized with sperm of channel catfish or blue catfish. Females paired with males were induced to spawn 44 days (mixed-sex ponds) and 50 days (single-sex ponds) before natural spawning occurred in unheated ponds. Spawning latency (the time between injection and ovulation) and the percentage of neurulated embryos from eggs fertilized using channel catfish sperm was not different between spawning before the natural season (P=0.68) and during the natural season in fish from mixed-sex ponds (P=0.57). Females held in all-female groups produced eggs 34 days before the onset of spawning in unheated ponds. Spawning latency was not different between spawns before and during the natural season (P=0.16), and the percentages of neurulated embryos from eggs fertilized with channel catfish sperm (P=0.76) or blue catfish sperm (P=0.77) before or during the natural season were not different. This study demonstrates the feasibility of conditioning of channel catfish females for early out-of-season induced spawning in the laboratory.     

Conditioning,maturation and year‐round natural spawning of orange‐spotted grouper,Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822), in recirculating aquaculture system

The present experiment was aimed at studying the conditioning, maturation and natural spawning of orange‐spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides, in a recirculatory aquaculture system (RAS). Thirty fish (n = 30; 3.35 ± 0.05 kg) were stocked in a circular tank of 125 m³ capacity fitted with an RAS for conditioning and broodstock development. After 15 days, 15 fish were implanted with 17 α methyl testosterone and letrozole at the rate of 5 mg and 0.2 mg/kg body weight, respectively, for conversion from female to male. The gonadal development started after 1 month, and by 90th day, 63.53 ± 3.78% and 2.07 ± 0.84% of the oocytes attained a size of 400–500 μm and 500–600 μm respectively. Natural spawning commenced in the RAS from 4th month onward after stocking and spawning continued round the year. The spawning pair showed courtship behaviour with a typical vertical burst of swimming just before release of gametes. The total number of eggs spawned during 1 year was 47.23 million with spawning frequency varying form 5 to 13 times per month. The association of spawning events with new moon day (lunar cycle) weakened as time progressed. The mean monthly fertilization and hatching rates varied from 77.80 ± 3.34% to 83.70 ± 1.76% and 82.80 ± 4.21% to 88.33 ± 1.39% respectively. The study proved that RAS is an efficient system that provides a stable, controllable and conducive environment for year‐round natural breeding of orange‐spotted grouper.     

黄河河南段非漂流性卵鱼类产卵场现状调查

为了掌握黄河河南段鱼类产卵场的分布现状,2013-2015年的每年3-7月,采用卫星GPS定位,实地走访渔民,采集鱼卵和仔稚鱼,捕获并解剖分析繁殖亲鱼,同步进行理化因子测定和环境指标监测。结果表明,黄河河南段鱼类规模产卵场共有30处,主要分布在河边浅滩、河流消落区和河心岛等水生生物资源丰富、适合非漂流性卵鱼类产卵孵化的水域。监测调查270d,采集主要鱼类标本1 156尾,各产卵场的鱼类优势种组成差异明显。产卵经济鱼类有鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、鲶(Silurus asotus)、鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)、泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)、黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)、赤眼鳟(Squaliobarbus curriculus)共计7种。黄河南段主要经济鱼类产卵场的分布位置及范围规模存在明显的地域差异。为保护黄河南段经济鱼类及其产卵场,提出了具体的保护措施。     

Reproductive performance in induced and spontaneous spawning of the mangrove red snapper, Lutjanus argentimaculatus: a potential candidate species for sustainable aquaculture

A reliable breeding technique was developed for the mangrove red snapper, Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskal 1775), to help sustain the aquaculture of this immensely popular species in Southeast Asia. Using standardized indices of female maturity (based on mean oocyte diameter of ≥0.40 mm), time of injection (1000–1130) and sex ratio (one female to two males), a single injection of 100 μg kg^?1 luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone analogue (LHRHa) (n=16 fish), but not 50 μg kg^?1 (n=five fish), successfully induced egg (62.5% success rate) and larval (43.8%) production. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) at 500 IU kg^?1 (n=five fish) also failed to induce spawning, but doses of 1000 (n=22 fish) and 1500 IU kg^?1 (n=15 fish) gave spawning (77.3% and 80.0% respectively) and hatching success rates (72.7% and 60.0% respectively) that were not significantly different from those of 100 μg kg^?1 LHRHa. No spawning was observed in saline‐injected controls (n=seven fish). While mean spawning latency, egg diameter, egg production per spawn, percent egg viability, hatching rate, percent of normal larvae and cumulative survival of eggs to normal larvae did not differ significantly among the effective hormones and doses, 1000 IU kg^?1 hCG had a higher percentage (76.5%) of total spawns with egg production per spawn in excess of one million than those of 1500 IU kg^?1 hCG (50.0%) and 100 μg kg^?1 LHRHa (40.0%). Mangrove red snapper spontaneously spawned from March–April to November–December with a peak of egg collection and spawning in May–June. Egg collection per spawn ranged from 0.05 to 6.35 million. Spontaneous spawning of mangrove red snapper exhibited lunar periodicity with spawns mostly occurring 3 days before or after the last quarter and new moon phases and occurred consistently between 02:00 and 04:00 hours. High fecundity and good egg quality, coupled with the ability to respond to induce spawning or natural spawning in captivity, provide a sound basis for improving the sustainability of red snapper aquaculture in Southeast Asia.     

Hormone manipulation to overcome a major barrier in male catfish spawning: The role of oxytocin augmentation in inducing voluntary captive spawning

A major challenge in Clariid catfish seed production is our inability to induce voluntary captive spawning of the brooders. Since voluntary captive spawning had been previously elicited in a Clarias species by simulating natural breeding environment, we speculated that the major obstacle in voluntary spawning might be the absence of an inducing agent that triggers mating response in the brooders. To address the issue, oxytocin was injected to the brooders along with Ovatide (a commercial inducing agent comprising salmon gonadotropin‐releasing hormone analogue and domperidone). Administration of 40 mIU/kg body weight of oxytocin after 12 hr of Ovatide injection resulted in voluntary spawning of the fish (81.5%, i.e. 31 out of 38 trials), with more than 70% hatching rate in simple and low‐cost spawning facilities. Histology of male gonads indicated sustained gamete maturation and the gonads were observed to be visibly turgid in the fish that received both the hormones. In contrast, gamete maturation slackened after 10 hr in the control fish, injected with Ovatide only. Administration of oxytocin along with Ovatide was also observed to induce aggressive sexual behaviour among the males. Neither of the hormones, acting alone, could induce voluntary spawning in the fish or influence sexual behaviour. Our results clearly show that oxytocin plays a significant role in sustaining the male gamete maturation induced by Ovatide and trigger the behavioural mating response, leading to voluntary spawning in C. magur. The results hold potential to make a paradigm shift in the commercial catfish seed production technology.