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1.
RAPD技术分析荷包红鲤抗寒品系与亲本的基因组变化   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
用40个随机引物对荷包红鲤、荷包红鲤抗寒品系和黑龙江野鲤三个品系鱼进行RAPD反应,共扩增出366条带,获得多态性的DNA片段60条。荷包红鲤抗寒品系与荷包红鲤、荷包红鲤抗寒品系与黑龙江野鲤的基因组变异指数分别为0.77和0.90。说明荷包红鲤抗寒品系的基因组与其亲本黑龙江野鲤的基因组较荷包红鲤具有更大的变异。  相似文献   

2.
芙蓉鲫(芙蓉鲤♀×红鲫♂)及其原始亲本的形态学分析   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
本研究随机采集芙蓉鲫及其原始亲本(芙蓉鲤、红鲫、散鳞镜鲤、兴国红鲤),测定了7项可数性状和12项可量性状,研究芙蓉鲫与其原始亲本之间的表型差异。结果表明:芙蓉鲫(Cyprinus capiofurong.♀×Carassiusauratusred var.♂)可数性状稳定,介于父母本之间,可量性状中芙蓉鲫有5项偏向父本,3项偏向母本、4项超父母本。聚类分析显示芙蓉鲫可量性状更接近于父本红鲫,而与另3种亲本差异较远。判别分析结果也显示芙蓉鲫与红鲫形态更为接近,各组判别准确率依次为芙蓉鲫100%,红鲫96%,兴国红鲤87%,散鳞镜鲤81.3%,芙蓉鲤73.1%。  相似文献   

3.
异源四倍体鲫鲤肝组织线粒体DNA的研究   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
黎双飞 《水产学报》2000,24(6):489-43
用密度梯度离心和DNaseI、RNase消化法从异源四倍体鲫鲤(R8)和鲫鲤F2肝组织中提取和纯化线粒体DNA(mtDNA).用9种限制性内切酶对异源四倍体鲫鲤和鲫鲤F2的mtDNA进行了分析,结果表明XbaI和BglⅡ两种限制性内切酶在异源四倍体鲫鲤mtDNA上存在酶切位点多态性.通过凝胶电泳测得异源四倍体鲫鲤mtDNA相对分子量平均约10.29×106道尔顿,分子大小为16.20kb;鲫鲤F2mtDNA相对分子量为10.18×106道尔顿,分子大小为16.02kb.根据单酶解和双酶解的片段数目和分子大小,构建了异源四倍体鲫鲤mtDNA的7种限制性内切酶(KpnI、PstI、SalI、XhoI、BglⅡ、BamHI和XbaI)酶切图谱.  相似文献   

4.
以异源四倍体鲫鲤及其二倍体父/母本(湘江野鲤/红鲫)和子代三倍体湘云鲫等为实验材料,运用Western-blotting技术及荧光免疫组织化学技术等实验手段,分析了PP-1的催化亚基在上述不同倍性鱼体内的表达模式:蛋白水平检测发现PP-1c在不同倍性鱼的大脑、心脏、肌肉、肾脏、肝脏和性腺6种主要器官组织中均有表达,且不同的组织中显示了明显的差异表达模式,而PP-1c在这4种不同鱼的肌肉组织中的表达差异更显著,其中在异源四倍体鲫鲤中表达最低,在父/母本红鲫中的表达水平相对较高,子代三倍体湘云鲫中的表达最高,这种差异性可能从生化的角度说明了子代与父母本之间的变异性。免疫荧光组化实验结果显示,从整体水平来看,4种不同鱼的同一组织中,PP-1c的表达模式是非常相似的,这可能从蛋白和细胞的水平说明了异源四倍体鲫鲤与其二倍体父/母本及子代三倍体湘云鲫之间的遗传相似性。但对于同一组织的不同细胞的具体表达部位是有差异的,具有细胞特异性。  相似文献   

5.
异育银鲫为东北方正鲫♀×江西兴国红鲤♂“杂交”产生的后代。其体形和母本相似,头钝圆,体侧扁,青灰色,腹部银灰色,背高。生长速度比方正银鲫快 34.7%,较野鲤快 1~ 2倍,有明显的生长优势,已在全国各地广泛推广。异育银鲫口味、规格等符合当前大众化的消费需求,因而养殖生产有较好的前景。 1亲鱼的选择 1.1方正鲫 方正鲫亲本要求头钝圆,体侧扁,青灰色,腹部银灰色,高背型。 2龄以上,个体重 250 g以上。 1.2兴国红鲤 兴国红鲤要求体长,呈纺锤形,背稍高,腹部较大,个体重 500 g以上。 2亲鱼培育 2.1方正鲫亲本培育 2.1.1…  相似文献   

6.
三倍体湘云鲫及其亲本线粒体DNA的比较研究   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11       下载免费PDF全文
用人工选育的异源四倍体鲫鲤(♂)与白鲫(♀)杂交获得具有明显生长优势的三倍体湘云鲫。采用差速离心和核酸酶处理等方法,从三倍体、白鲫和异源四倍体鲫鲤肝组织中提取线粒体DNA,并用9种限制性内切酶进行单酶酶切分析。经琼脂糖凝胶电泳后计算出各酶切片段的大小,测得三倍体、白鲫和异源四倍体鲫鲤mtDNA的分子大小分别为16.24kb、16.60kb和16.20kb。根据各单倍型间的酶切片段共享度,估算出3个群体间的遗传距离,说明了mtDNA母系遗传的特性。  相似文献   

7.
用方正银鲫做母本,三杂交鲤[(黑龙江野鲤×荷包红鲤)Fl×散鳞镜鲤]Fl做父本,在室内经人工催产、授精,孵化出异精雌核发育的子代(异育银鲫)。本试验亲鱼催产率83%,授精率60%,出苗率84%。  相似文献   

8.
王凤华  周毅  刘少军  钟欢  张纯  陶敏  刘筠 《水产学报》2012,36(5):672-680
载脂蛋白E(Apolipoprotein E,ApoE)作为胆固醇代谢过程中的关键因子,参与脂蛋白转运和性腺发育。为进一步了解该基因的作用,本实验克隆并测序了异源四倍体鲫鲤及其父母本ApoE基因的全长序列。异源四倍体鲫鲤、红鲫和鲤的ApoE全长分别为1393 bp、1384 bp和1396 bp,均编码281个氨基酸。序列对比表明,异源四倍体鲫鲤ApoE与父本鲤更为相似。另外有2个氨基酸位点发生了与父母本均不同的变异,证明异源四倍体鲫鲤除了有杂交特征外也产生了变异。通过Mega软件构建的哺乳动物ApoE进化树与系统分类相一致:鲤科鱼类的ApoE聚类在一起而分离于其它物种。Real time PCR分析表明,ApoE基因在3种鱼中的组织表达模式基本一致,所有组织均有表达,而在脾脏中表达最高。  相似文献   

9.
方正银鲫作母本,三杂交鲤[(黑龙江野鲤×荷包红鲤)Fl×散鳞镜鲤]Fl作父本,在室内人工催产,人工授精,孵化出异精雌核发育的子代(异育银鲫)。亲鱼催产率83%,授精率60%,出苗率84%,池塘培育104天,共增重75.76克/尾。  相似文献   

10.
红鲫(♀)×湘江野鲤(♂)F2和F3的染色体研究   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
采用血细胞培养制片法和肾脏细胞直接制片法对红鲫(♀)×湘江野鲤(♂)杂交种F2和F3代的染色体数目和核型进行了比较分析,得出F2代染色体数目为100条,染色体组型为22m+34sm+22st+22t,NF=156;F3代染色体数目为4n=200,染色体组型为44m+68sm+44st+44t,NF=312。为证明红鲫×湘江野鲤杂交后代由异源二倍体转变为异源四倍体发生于F2与F3代之间提供了直接证据。  相似文献   

11.
Genetic variation was comparatively analyzed between the artificially induced diploid gynogen population from F10 allotetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp (♀) (Carassius auratus red var., 2n=100)×common carp (♂) (Cyprinus carpio L., 2n=100) and the normal F10 allotetraploid hybrid population used as the control, using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay and microsatellite analysis. The specific 600-bp fragment for diploid gynogen population was detected by S45 and the specific 900-bp fragment for allotetraploid F10 hybrid population was detected by S134. The results from RAPD assay and microsatellite analysis were in agreement with each other, that is to say, the diploid gynogens presented lower level of polymorphism than allotetraploid F10 hybrids. Furthermore, as expected, microsatellite analysis revealed more detailed information on genetic diversity than RAPD assay. The mean percentage of polymorphic loci (12.71%) and Shannon's index of phenotypic diversity (0.25) from RAPD data for diploid gynogen population were significantly lower than those (30.69% and 0.63, respectively) for F10 allotetraploid hybrid population. The mean number of alleles per microsatellite locus (1.73) in diploid gynogen population was considerably lower than that (2.55) in F10 allotetraploid hybrid population. The average observed (0.36) and expected heterozygosity (0.26) in diploid gynogen population were lower than those (0.58 and 0.40, respectively) in F10 allotetraploid hybrid population, indicating that the diploid gynogens presented lower genetic diversity than the allotetraploids. In addition, the mean effective number of alleles at 11 microsatellite loci (1.60) in diploid gynogen population was lower than that (1.88) in F10 allotetraploid hybrid population. The significant differences between two populations in the average observed and expected heterozygosity, mean number of alleles and effective number of alleles, suggested that the effect of gynogenesis resulted in rather higher genetic homogeneity in diploid gynogens. The comparative RAPD analysis of diploid gynogens and their parents was performed with 34 primers. The identical RAPD pattern was detected between diploid gynogens and their female parent, however, some clear specific RAPD bands were detected between diploid gynogens and their male parents, but not detected in their female parent. The result indicated that heterologous genetic material had incorporated into diploid gynogenetic fish (G1).  相似文献   

12.
Three groups of gynogenetic diploid bighead carp were successfully obtained by means of artificial gynogenesis. The activation rates of gynogenesis varied from 75.9% to 98.8%, and the frequency of spontaneous diploidization was around 0.4%. Over 2000 normally gynogenetic diploid fry were obtained in three gynogenetic groups. The haploid karyotype consisted of nine metacentric, 12 submetacentric, three subtelocentric chromosomes and 45 arms. The chromosome number was 48 from gynogenetic diploid. The results showed that the genetic material of offspring was maternal. The aneuploid hybrid embryos of bighead carp and Xingguo red common carp with chromosome numbers ranging from 28 to 73 did not survive post hatch, likely the result of incompatibility between the nucleus and the cytoplasm of two parents. Sixty RAPD primers from three groups were used for total DNA amplification of gynogenetic offspring, maternal and ‘paternal’ fish. A total of 451 bands were amplified from three kinds of samples above. From maternal bighead carp, 256 bands were amplified; however, there were 251 shared bands between maternal and gynogenetic bighead carp. From artificial gynogenetic offspring, two ‘paternal’ DNA segments without an expression function were found. An UPGMA tree showed that gynogenetic offspring were closely clustered and the genetic identity among them was very high (0.956).  相似文献   

13.
彩鲫与红鲫杂交种体色遗传的初步研究   总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12  
通过彩鲫与红鲫杂交、回交以及不同体色彩鲫(杂交种)自交、杂交,对其子代的体色性状进行了统计学分析。彩鲫与红鲫的体色遗传说明彩色受显性基因控制,红色受隐性基因控制;不同体色彩鲫自交、杂交,其后代的体色分离特性为肉色显性,红色隐性,亲本体色在后代中可以积累增加;肉色、红色彩鲫与眼睛颜色、闪光鳞数具遗传相关性。  相似文献   

14.
雄核发育异育银鲫及其初步应用   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
俞豪祥 《水产学报》2000,24(1):17-21
用鲫(2n=100)卵与异育银鲫(3n=156)正常精子进行人工授精,产生了部分的雄核发育异育银鲫(3n=156)。池塘中饲养的雄核发育能银鲫性腺不仅能成熟,而且也能生殖。它与父本异育银鲫回交可以产生回交子一代(B1)。雄核发育异育银鲫、回交子一代异育银鲫与父本异育银鲫非常相似。它们均具有相同的染色体数目(3n=156),红细胞核的体积是鲫红细胞核体积的1.6倍。另一方面,用随机拉增多态DNA(R  相似文献   

15.
红鲤4群体间主要组织相容性复合体的差异   总被引:11,自引:2,他引:9  
蔡完其 《水产学报》2003,27(2):113-118
应用鱼类主要组织相容性复合体(MIC)基因来探讨鱼类种群间遗传结构,寻找分子遗传标记。根据已报道的鲤鱼MICI类基因序列,设计了一对特异性引物,从兴国红鲤、荷包红鲤、玻璃红鲤及瓯江彩鲤基因组DNA中扩增了编码MICI类分子α2链的基因片段,并进行克隆、测序。结果表明,(1)编码MHC I类分子α2链的基因多态性较为丰富,234bp长度中有106个变异位点,多态位点百分率达45.3%;荷包红鲤的基因序列与其它3群体红鲤有显著差异;(2)由编码MICI类分子α2链的基因和氨基酸序列构建的系统进化树一致,兴国红鲤与团江彩鲤关系较近,属于同一进化支,玻璃红鲤和荷包红鲤分别属于另外两个不同的进化支,荷包红鲤是较为特化的群体;(3)多态性丰富的编码MICI类分子α2链的基因,适宜作为鲤鱼不同群体的分子遗传标记。  相似文献   

16.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was applied to three varieties of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L.: Xingguo red carp, German mirror carp and Russian mirror carp. Twenty-seven decamer primers pre-screened from 40 random primers were used to assay polymorphisms within and between the populations. One hundred and ninety-nine fragments were generated in the three populations; 155 of these fragments were polymorphic. The similarity indices and genetic distances within and between the three populations of carp were calculated. The results indicated that the highest value of similarity within populations was obtained for German mirror carp, and the genetic distance between Xingguo red carp and Russian mirror carp was the farthest. It can be presumed that the heterosis between Xingguo red carp and Russian mirror carp is the highest within these three populations.  相似文献   

17.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers have been used in a variety of genetic studies in fisheries and aquaculture. Most population studies are performed without preliminary data demonstrating the Mendelian inheritance and reproducibility of RAPD markers. In this study, the inheritance and reproducibility of RAPD markers was examined in two consecutive generations of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Variability and segregation of RAPD markers were investigated in one F1 progeny and three F2 progenies. Seventy-four RAPD markers were generated by five primers using DNA extracted from the initial ornamental (koi) common carp female and wild-type colour common carp male. Fifty-five of these RAPD markers were transmitted to the F1 progeny and the inheritance patterns were analysed. Twenty RAPD markers were fully reproducible and demonstrated dominant simple Mendelian inheritance patterns in two consecutive generations. Twenty-four RAPD markers were not reproducible in all progenies. Thirteen markers displayed inheritance ratios in the progenies that did not fit simple Mendelian inheritance patterns. Non-reproducibility of RAPD markers and distorted ratios may be caused by the absence of amplification, poor amplification or by the appearance of artefact bands. Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers with poor reproducibility and non-Mendelian inheritance can lead to misinterpretations of data in population studies, resulting in errors in the estimation of genetic diversity within and between individual populations. Therefore, it is recommended to first identify the set of reproducible RAPD markers that demonstrate Mendelian inheritance before application of the RAPD technique in population studies.  相似文献   

18.
几种鲤、鲫鱼腹膜色素细胞的初步观察   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
徐伟  曹顶臣  李池陶 《水产学杂志》2005,18(1):66-68,F003
通过普通鲫、普通鲤、红鲫、荷包红鲤、水晶彩鲫和锦鲤的腹膜脏层和腹膜壁层色素细胞观察,腹膜脏层分布有黑色素细胞,其中普通鲫致密完整,普通鲤和红鲫密集均匀,水晶彩鲫和锦鲤缺失,荷包红鲤完全缺失;腹膜壁层分布有鸟粪素细胞,除水晶彩鲫缺失,其它品种致密完整。  相似文献   

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