底部微孔增氧管布设距离和增氧时间对刺参养殖池塘溶氧的影响

为明确刺参养殖池塘中微孔增氧的效果以及增氧管的布设间距、增氧时间对水体溶氧的影响,研究测定了在夏季刺参养殖池塘一个增氧周期内(每天23:00—7:00增氧8 h,7 d一个周期)水体中溶氧(DO)、亚硝酸盐氮(NO_2~--N)、COD的变化。结果显示:连续充气增氧的8 h内DO持续增加,增氧2 h上升速率缓慢,增氧2~6 h上升速率迅速提高,增氧6~8 h上升速率下降,连续充气8 h能够显著改变夜间溶氧降低现象;增氧7 d时间内,NO_2~--N和COD持续下降,分别由0.025 mg/L下降到0.014 mg/L、18.46 mg/L下降到14.15 mg/L。对充氧管道不同距离处DO的测定结果表明,距离增氧管1~2 m处DO较高,3~4 m处缓慢下降,与1~2 m处差异不显著(P0.05),DO保持在5.22 mg/L左右,距离5 m以上时DO下降速度较快,与1~2 m处差异显著(P0.05)。研究表明:微孔增氧可以明显增加水体DO,减少COD、NO_2~--N;微孔增氧机充氧时间6~8 h效果较好;微孔增氧管之间的布设距离在6~8 m可以实现高效增氧。     

液态氧辅助增氧在池塘养殖南美白对虾的应用试验

<正>南美白对虾池塘高密度养殖要求水体高溶解氧,现阶段我国池塘养殖南美白对虾主要以机械增氧为主,液态氧增氧在池塘养殖中使用尚少,茂名市海洋与渔业技术推广中心与茂名市金阳热带海珍养殖有限公司在2017年进行液态氧辅助增氧方式进行池塘养殖南美白对虾的应用试验,取得较好效果,现将试验情况总结如下。一、材料与方法1.池塘条件试验地点位于电白区南海街道办茂名市金阳热带海珍养殖有限公司养殖基地,每口池塘水面面积在4.0～4.5亩,呈四方形或圆     

不同增氧方式对盐碱养殖池塘pH的影响

以盐碱池塘水体为研究对象,比较叶轮+底增的复合增氧方式和传统叶轮单一增氧方式下盐碱池塘水体pH的变化趋势,以探讨复合增氧方式对盐碱池塘水体pH的影响。试验包括室内和野外试验两部分,室内试验为通气量和叶绿素a浓度交互作用下对室内普通水体pH的影响,野外试验为复合增氧和传统叶轮单一增氧方式对盐碱池塘水体pH、溶解氧和叶绿素a浓度的影响。室内试验结果显示,通气可以显著降低水体pH值(P0.05),且降低值(ΔpH)随通气量增大而增大。野外试验结果显示,开机时,不同天气条件下复合增氧池塘pH均显著低于单一叶轮池塘(P0.05),复合增氧池塘DO和CO_2浓度均显著高于单一叶轮池塘(P0.05);不开机时阴天和雨天条件下两者差异亦显著(P0.05)。整个养殖期复合增氧池塘DO显著高于单一叶轮池塘(P0.05),而pH值下降及CO_2浓度上升较明显,且均在第45天后低于和高于单一叶轮池塘(P0.05)。经双变量相关性分析发现,复合增氧与单一叶轮增氧方式下叶绿素a浓度与水体pH均呈显著正相关,相关系数分别是0.913和0.738。以上结果表明,复合增氧方式能够增加水-气接触面积,有效提高盐碱池塘水体DO和CO_2浓度,降低池塘水体pH值。     

曝气增氧对锯缘青蟹养殖环境及产量的影响

以曝气增氧改善锯缘青蟹养殖环境为目的,研究了不同曝气增氧方式对养殖塘水质、底质及锯缘青蟹产量的影响.结果表明:与对照塘相比,引入曝气增氧之后,可使养殖塘水体中的NH4+-N降低13.233％～32.212％,硫化物的含量降低17.742％～35.398％,但对于水体中的NO2--N和DO的影响不大.对底质来说,曝气增氧可使底质中的有机质含量降低11.799％～11.477％,硫化物的含量降低约9.726％,并使ORP电位上升0.575％～16.812％.此外,曝气增氧可提高青蟹亩产量一倍多,并使养殖规格也略大.曝气增氧对锯缘青蟹养殖环境及产量有明显的促进作用,但其使用参数及成本的优化、对青蟹生理的影响、对养殖塘水体生态的影响等方面,需要进一步深入研究.     

集约化养鱼综述（3）

三、循环流水式养鱼循环流水式养鱼的特点是养鱼用的水要回收,经过沉淀,过滤并按照养殖对象对水温的要求,进行人工升温或降温,然后对水体增氧(纯氧、气态氧、液态氧),再输入鱼池,周而复始.这种方法适用于水资源贫乏、水污染较严重的国家和地区。日本是世界上采用封闭式供水系统养鱼较早的国家,起先只是饲养鲤鱼,后又饲养鳗鲡、虹鳟、香     

自动增氧型人工湿地除氮效果研究

针对人工湿地内部溶解氧浓度不足的问题,利用页岩空心砖构建自动增氧型湿地系统,研究构建系统对氮的净化效率。结果表明,自动增氧型湿地系统各基质层污水溶解氧(DO)浓度均在0.5 mg/L以上,泥土、粉煤灰和砾石三层基质对总氮(TN)的去除率分别为30.2%~39.7%、23.9%~35.0%和14.9%~23.5%,自动增氧型湿地系统的净化效果略好于人工强化供氧湿地系统。故可利用页岩空心砖构建自动增氧型湿地系统,以增强其系统内部供氧能力,提高湿地系统的除氮能力。     

过饱和溶氧对大菱鲆生长及消化酶的影响

探讨工程化养殖中过饱和溶氧对大菱鲆生长的影响,通过充入液态氧与空气,使试验水体的溶氧分别达到过饱和溶氧水平(12±1)mg/L和(14±1)mg/L,正常溶氧水平(7.0±0.5)mg/L.结果显示,过饱和溶氧组的大菱鲆生长速度及饵料利用率明显高于正常溶氧组(p<0.05),而在过饱和溶氧条件下与正常溶氧条件下大菱鲆的丰满度无显著差异(P>0.05).对大菱鲆胃、肠道消化酶、脂肪酶与淀粉酶的分析发现,大菱鲆胃蛋白酶活性在过饱和溶氧条件下较正常溶氧有明显提高(p<0.05),而脂肪酶与淀粉酶的酶活力未得到显著性提高(p>0.05).     

底充式增氧对改善池塘水质效果的初步研究

在凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）和三疣梭子蟹（Portunus trituberculatus）养殖池塘中进行了底充式增氧对池塘水质改善效果试验。结果表明,增氧2～3h能减小或消除池塘温度和溶解氧（DO）跃层,显著提高池塘底层水体的ρ（DO）（P〈0.05）。在上午8：00～11：00这段时间开增氧机的效果最佳;试验池塘的氨氮（NH4＋-N）和亚硝酸盐（NO2--N）的质量浓度为对照池塘的72.5%～74.1%和2.6%～2.7%,能促进池塘氧化反应,降低有害物质的含量,改善池塘环境条件。     

培养好基础饵料生物是防抑虾病的重要措施

"养虾要先养水",培养好水中饵料生物可以起防病的作用.许多养虾者对此理解不是很深刻,总认为更直接防病作用是施用生态制剂(俗称有益菌)、换水和增氧.但是这些都要较大投入,增加成本.而培养饵料生物,可以直接作虾的饵料、起到增氧、节约开支、净化水质、防抑对虾疾病等多种作用.1 培养好饵料生物起着防抑虾病的作用     

池塘底充式增氧设施的配置与应用

为研究高效增氧方法,选择在凡纳滨对虾(Penaeus vannamei)和三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)生产性养殖池塘,进行底充式增氧设施的配置与应用研究.结果表明,底充式增氧方法比水车式和叶轮式增氧机的增氧效果明显.实际应用中微孔管和PVC管作为充气管,两者增氧效果基本相同,PVC管道更经济实用;充气管道的合理间距为4～6 m,鼓风机的功率配置0.30 kW/667 m2,可以满足水体溶解氧最低值3 mg/L的增氧要求.     

高密度养鱼增氧方法分类与溶解氧超饱和度及水中气泡直径大小阈值的关系研讨

每一种增氧机,都依照一定的增氧原理进行增氧。对增氧有关基础理论的深入探讨,有助于机器增氧效率的提高和一代机型的更新,这对高密度养鱼业和环保业的发展,将具有重要的意义。为此,本文首先阐明了溶氧饱和度和超饱和度的概念,将溶氧在水中的物理状态与饱和度的关系作了深入的探讨,并由此提出增氧方法可按溶解度的特性分为“液     

Effect of Water Exchange and Mechanical Aeration on Grow‐out of the Amazon River Prawn in Ponds

Exchange and aeration of pond water are common practices in semi‐intensive freshwater prawn culture, but there is lack of scientifically based information on the results. We evaluated the effects of water flow through the ponds and mechanical aeration in semi‐intensive cultures of Macrobrachium amazonicum. A total of 40 juveniles/m² were stocked for 4 mo in 12 earthen ponds. Four randomly assigned treatments were applied: no aeration + no water exchange (NN), diurnal aeration + no water exchange (DA), nocturnal aeration + no water exchange (NA), and continuous water flow (CF). Temperature, pH, total suspended solids, and soluble orthophosphate in the water column did not differ among treatments. Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in ponds with nocturnal aeration were significantly higher than in other treatments. The concentration of inorganic nitrogen was significantly higher in the CF treatment, whereas organic nitrogen was higher in treatments NN, DA, and NA. This suggests that primary production is higher in static ponds. Thermal stratification started at 0900 h, and the maximum difference between surface and bottom temperature varied from 1.5 (CF) to 2.8 C (NN). The difference between DO levels in the surface and bottom water of the ponds began to appear at 0800 h and varied from 0.50 (CF) to 5.23 mg/L (NN). Diurnal aeration and high continuous water flow were efficient in disrupting the stratification. No significant difference was found for survival, mean weight, apparent feed conversion rate, and productivity among treatments. Thus, disrupting water stratification, aerating ponds at night, or exchanging the pond water are ineffective in Amazon River prawn farming in semi‐intensive systems, at least for stocking densities lower than 40 individuals/m². About 1000 kg of Amazon River prawn can be produced in static ponds with no aeration in approximately 4 mo. This management strategy saves water and energy and reduces production costs .     

鳗鱼养殖场应用燃气热电联产的热力学分析

为克服传统鳗鱼养殖场供热、供电的缺陷,提出了以微型燃气轮机为原动机的热电联产新型供热、供电模式。在计算鳗鱼养殖场耗热量、耗电量的基础上,对热电联产与传统热电分产进行热力学分析,比较了两者的一次能利用率和火用效率,热电联产的一次能利用率是传统热电分产的1.84倍,而火用效率是传统热电分产的1.43倍。     

方斑东风螺的耗氧率及饲养水中溶氧变化的初步研究

为对方斑东风螺养殖生产提供参考依据,试验测定了饥饿和饱食状态下方斑东风螺幼螺在不同水温(25℃、28℃、30℃)时的耗氧率,测定了幼螺摄食后水中溶解氧浓度的变化。结果表明,饱食后幼螺的生理代谢活动加强,耗氧率增加;随着水温的升高,耗氧率也增加。幼螺摄食后水中的溶解氧浓度随着时间的延长不断下降。试验观察发现,在方斑东风螺养殖的正常水温范围内(25℃~30℃),DO高于3mg/L时,幼螺生活正常;DO在2.40mg/L~2.35mg/L时,幼螺表现为缺氧状态;DO在1.5~1.0mg/L时,幼螺表现为严重缺氧状态。     

Comparisons of devices for aerating inflow of pipes

Eleven different devices for aerating water discharged from pipes were evaluated for effectiveness in increasing dissolved oxygen (DO) and decreasing carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations. All devices were more effective than a straight pipe in oxygenating water and provided DO concentrations above 4 mg/l. DO concentrations above 6 mg/l resulted with Tee and Ell aspirators and with a half-open gate valve. The gate valve had the greatest oxygen transfer rate. Although the aerators removed as much or more CO₂ than they added O₂, none was efficient in removing CO₂. Water was highly supersaturated with CO₂, and concentrations were only reduced by 3.7 to 13.4 mg/l - 2.2 to 8.6% of the initial vaiues.     

Control of dissolved oxygen levels of water in net pens for fish farming by a microscopic bubble generating system

ABSTRACT:   A microscopic bubble generating system (MBGS) has been developed to control dissolved oxygen (DO) levels suitable for fish farming. The MBGS has been tested to confirm its capability in net pens. Water conditions in a fish farm were monitored every two hours from June to October 2004 by setting an online vertical profiling system (OVPS) close to the net pen. DO in the net pen water decreased to physiologically stressful levels for the fish during the night (4.84–5.51 mg/L), while the DO was kept in saturated conditions during the day, due to oxygen supply from phytoplankton. The MBGS was operated from the evening to the morning of the next day for 16 h, to successfully create DO-saturated conditions in the net pen water at night. By using microscopic bubbles during the warm seasons, DO levels in the net pen water could be improved to a level suitable for fish farming. However, the low DO levels (<5.0 mg/L) of the bottom water occasionally extended to the net pen layers, despite the supply of microscopic bubbles to the water. To maintain the DO of the net pen water at levels suitable for fish farming, DO supply to the net pen water and the bottom water needs to be increased, and the organically enriched sediment just below the net pens needs to be treated.     

精养虾池主要生态因子变化特点与相关性分析

2011年4月至7月,对海南省儋州市排浦对虾养殖场3口凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）精养池塘水体中的叶绿素a（Chl-a）、浮游动物、异养细菌、弧菌、活性磷（PO34--P）等16项环境因子进行全程定期测定,分析养殖过程中主要生态因子的变化特点及其相互关系。结果显示,养殖过程中水体的溶解氧（DO）、pH和透明度呈现缓慢下降的趋势,悬浮物（TSS）、化学耗氧量（COD）、亚硝酸盐氮（NO2--N）、氨氮（NH4＋-N）、浮游动物、异养细菌和弧菌则呈现出逐渐增加的趋势。ρ（Chl-a）的变化特征表现为养殖前期低,中后期逐渐升高;Chl-a与硝酸盐氮（NO3--N）呈极显著的正相关,与PO34--P呈负相关。桡足类密度与TSS呈极显著的正相关,与异养细菌、弧菌、轮虫密度呈显著正相关,与Chl-a、COD呈正相关,但不显著。异养细菌与COD呈极显著的正相关,与TSS呈显著的正相关,与透明度呈显著的负相关;弧菌与TSS呈极显著的正相关,与COD呈显著的正相关,与pH、DO呈显著的负相关。     

Improving feeding strategies for shrimp farming using fuzzy logic,based on water quality parameters

In intensive shrimp farming systems, formulated feed represents the main nutrition source and its adequate management significantly influences the economic feasibility of the farm. Based on that, the present study evaluated two dynamic feeding strategies: fuzzy logic (FL) and mathematical functions (MF). For both strategies, the temperature and dissolved oxygen were modified in a controlled way. A conventional feeding table was the control treatment. The results showed that DO was the parameter that mostly influences the feeding rate (74%) while the temperature also did it, but in a lower grade (26%). The results showed that feed conversion rate (FCR) was significantly better when the FL strategy was used, saving around 35% of feed when compared to the control. An expert system based on FL may replace the traditional feeding strategies with no significant adverse effects on growth, survival and FCR, and may easily be adapted to some other culture systems.     

加压溶气气浮技术用于净化养殖水体的研究

采用一套自主开发研制的加压溶气气浮装置,对养殖水体中的微颗粒进行净化。选取液位高度、液体流量、溶气压力进行单因子试验和正交试验,单因子试验结果表明,液位0.8 m具有浊度去除的最佳效果;液位1.0 m对浊度去除率和pH的增加率的影响较显著;液体流量为400~600 L/h时,浊度去除率最大;液体流量为200~400 L/h时,溶解氧和pH增加率最大;溶气压力为0.5 MPa时,浊度的去除率达到了最大值的72%,同时,pH的增加率也达到了最大值,溶气压力为0.4 MPa时,溶解氧的增加率达到了最大值;通过正交试验得到三因素的最优组合为:液位高度1.0 m、液体流量200~400 L/h、溶气压力0.4 MPa。     

微孔曝气增氧机的增氧能力试验

为探究微孔曝气增氧机对氧气的传递效果,从研究增氧能力出发,依据SC/T6009-1999增氧机增氧能力试验方法的标准检测程序,以直径为10m的标准室内水池作为试验平台,试验水温为20℃、气压为101.325kPa、初始溶氧浓度为0mg/L;试验用水为清水,将微孔曝气增氧机与射流式增氧机进行对比试验研究。研究结果表明,微孔曝气增氧机能有效增加水体底部溶解氧,与1.5kW射流式增氧机相比,射流式增氧机的增氧能力平均值为2.4kg/h,微孔曝气增氧机布管长度为20m时,增氧能力平均值为0.25kg/h,布管长度为42m时,增氧能力平均值为0.40kg/h,布管长度为98m时,增氧能力平均值为1.12kg/h,布管长度为200m时,增氧能力平均值为1.55kg/h,所以在目前试验布管密度条件下,增氧能力可以超过射流式增氧机。在进气口压力相同的情况下,微孔曝气增氧机增氧速度随着布管长度增加而增加。