新西兰水产品管理体系简介

水产品味道鲜美营养丰富,但因其生长特性,易富集环境中的毒素和污染物质,对养殖、加工卫生安全要求很高.新西兰是世界上重要的水产品(特别是双壳贝类)出口国,其水产品管理体系已获得欧盟和美国的等效性认可本文介绍了新西兰对水产品养殖、加工过程的管理体系,希望对中国水产品生产和管理起到借鉴作用.[中国渔业质量与标准,2011,1...     

HACCP休系在淡水鱼养殖中的应用

探讨了淡水鱼从养殖场到餐桌的养殖消费过程中,建立一套符合中国实际的水产品质量安全管理体系的必要性,为补充和制定水产行业有关质量安全的法规和标准,逐步完善我国现有的水产养殖技术规范、渔用饲料安全标准、渔用药物使用准则、养殖环境、养殖用水、鱼种、鱼苗等相应的配套标准,为建立HACCP体系提供依据.     

水产品市场发展的新趋势

入世以后，我国水产品质量安全得到空前重视．水产品安全被我国有关部门列为食品中重点整治的对象。当前，药物残留仍然是水产品质量中存在的突出问题，水产品长期使用抗生素、激素等。造成产品药物残留超标现象比较普遍。近年出现的“氯霉素事件”、“恩诺沙星事件”中可见一斑。为此。国家十分重视水产品质量安全问题。2003年7月24日．农业部以第31号令发布了《水产品质量安全管理规定》，并于9月1日起施行。围绕“水产品质量安全”，农业部还组织制定了《中国无公害水产品行动计划》，该计划主要包括建立水产品养殖安全监管制度、建立水产品市场准入制度、建立水产品加工和安全生产体系等。科技部将“无公害水产养殖技术研究与示范”项目列为国家“十五”科技攻关计划重点项目。     

HACCP体系在淡水鱼养殖中的应用

探讨了淡水鱼从养殖场到餐桌的养殖消费过程中，建立一套符合中国实际的水产品质量安全管理体系的必要性，为补充和制定水产行业有关质量安全的法规和标准，逐步完善我国现有的水产养殖技术规范、渔用饲料安全标准、渔用药物使用准则、养殖环境、养殖用水、鱼种、鱼苗等相应的配套标准，为建立HACCP体系提供依据。     

各地渔事

为适应国际市场对水产品安全卫生、绿色消费的需求,山东省荣成市把加快开发无公害渔业作为提升渔业素质、推动渔业经济可持续发展的重要措施,积极在海水养殖、水产品加工等方面进行大胆尝试和不懈探索,通过建立健全渔业生产标准体系、水产品质量安全监督检测体系、养殖病害检测防治网络和渔业环境检测保护     

养殖鱼类质量安全管理与风险因子浅析

<正>随着食品安全相关法律的建立健全和社会食品安全意识的提高,养殖水产品的质量逐渐提升,养殖模式也随之升级换代。本研究对13个地市的养殖鱼类进行调查,对比分析了36种养殖鱼类,其中草鱼和鲢鱼养殖范围最广且养殖面积最大,威海鱼类养殖总面积最大,饲料主要为配合饲料和鲜、冻杂鱼等。调查结果显示渔药使用是影响养殖鱼类产品质量安全的最大风险因子,建议优化管理体系,严控各环节风险因子,提高全民水产品质量安全意识。     

荣成市全力加快无公害渔业开发进程

<正> 为适应国际市场对水产品安全卫生、绿色消费的需求,荣成市把加快开发无公害渔业作为提升渔业素质、推动渔业经济可持续发展的重要措施,积极在海水养殖、水产品加工等方面进行大胆尝试和不懈探索,通过建立健全渔业生产标准体系、水产品质量安全监督检测体系、养殖病害检测防治网络和渔业环境检测保护体系,使水产品逐步走向质量标准化、市场国际化和消费健康型轨道,形成了好当家集团、俚岛水产集团、鸿洋神集     

汕头市养殖水产品质量安全的关键控制点

汕头市养殖水产品的质量安全总体上来看是好的，但是，全市养殖水产品的质量安全状况还是存在着不少问题与隐患．要正确把握与认识目前存在的问题，必须从水产养殖环境、水产养殖品种与养殖模式、水产养殖业者与基层技术人员素质、市民消费习惯等方面入手，才能找到养殖水产品质量安全的关键控制点。明确养殖水产品质量安全主要是人为造成的，即是水污染和养殖投入品造成的，只要控制了水污染，规范了养殖投入品的使用。养殖水产品的质量安全就没有问题。通过加强水产养殖水源环境水质的监管，加强无公害水产养殖的宣传，加强无公害水产养殖的培训与监管，加强水产养殖技术的推广等工作。汕头市的养殖水产品质量安全就一定能提升到更高的水平。     

罗非鱼质量安全风险研究

目前中国针对罗非鱼(Oreochroms mossambcus)出口产品的质量安全监测系统尚不完善,建立罗非鱼质量安全评价标准、评估影响罗非鱼食品安全的因素,对于建立罗非鱼安全防控模式具有重要意义。本研究以罗非鱼的质量安全作为研究目标,通过对苗种培育、养殖环境及水产品流通等环节可能产生的风险事件的识别,建立罗非鱼质量风险评估体系。文章介绍了罗非鱼质量安全的总体概况,并分析了种苗、渔药、养殖生态及产品流通等影响罗非鱼质量安全的风险因素,并针对相关质量安全问题提出相应解决措施。本研究旨在促进罗非鱼产业的高质量发展,有助于为中国水产品的系统监测、评估体系建立提供参考。     

广东水产品质量安全可追溯体系枣设现状及展望

近年来，“孔雀石绿”、“氯霉素”等药残超标事件严重伤害了消费者对水产品质量安全的信心，也给水产品质量安全监管丁作提出了更高的要求。广东是我国水产养殖生产的重点省份。为了进一步提升水产品质量安全水平，加强水产品质量安全监管，实现水产品质量全程监控和产品可追溯，广东近年来在新的水产品质量安全监管管理和技术方面不断开拓创新，积极探索水产品质量安全追溯体系的构建工作。     

Esophagoscopy and gastroscopy in dogs and cats. Technics and indications

A report is presented of esophagoscopy and gastroscopy in cats and dogs using flexible endoscopes. Following consideration of the basic equipment, an account is given of patient preparation and anesthesia, topography, investigation technique and normal findings. Diagnostic potential, indications and risks involved are discussed.     

虾蟹血淋巴的抽取与固定

随着人们对甲壳动物生理生态学研究的逐步深入,尤其是与免疫应答密切联系的血液生理学领域被广泛关注.抽取和固定血淋巴,成为进行血液学研究必不可少的步骤.那么如何更好地抽取和固定血淋巴呢,本文以虾蟹为例做了总结,以供参考.     

中国鲟鱼的保护、管理与产业化

1　世界现存鲟鱼的种类和资源鲟鱼是一类起源早、具有重要科学研究价值和极高经济价值的稀有物种 ,多数种类个体大 ,半数种为溯河洄游产卵鱼类。按目前较为公认的分类系统 ,现存鲟鱼类有 2科 6属 2 7个种 ,隶属于硬骨鱼纲、软骨硬鳞总目、鲟形目 (Acipenseriformes) ,其中鲟属有 17个种 ,主要经济种类在其中。它们全部分布于北半球 ,现存 9个自然分布区为 :太平洋东岸、北美大湖地区、大西洋西北部、北美密西西比河流域和墨西哥湾、大西洋东北部、里海地区、西伯利亚及北冰洋流域、黑龙江和日本海、长江和珠江。鲟鱼自然种群资源稀少 ,在过…     

Achieving sustainable aquaculture: Historical and current perspectives and future needs and challenges

Important operational changes that have gradually been assimilated and new approaches that are developing as part of the movement toward sustainable intensive aquaculture production systems are presented via historical, current, and future perspectives. Improved environmental and economic sustainability based on increased efficiency of production continues to be realized. As a result, aquaculture continues to reduce its carbon footprint through reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Reduced use of freshwater and land resources per unit of production, improved feed management practices as well as increased knowledge of nutrient requirements, effective feed ingredients and additives, domestication of species, and new farming practices are now being applied or evaluated. Successful expansion into culture of marine species, both off and on shore, offers the potential of substantial increases in sustainable intensive aquaculture production combined with integrative efforts to increase efficiency will principally contribute to satisfying the increasing global demand for protein and food security needs.     

Food habits and growth of silver and bighead carp in cages and ponds

Analysis of intestinal contents of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) showed that silver carp consumed primarily phytoplankton while bighead carp consumed large quantities of zooplankton and detritus in addition to phytoplankton. The size of particles filtered by the bighead carp was larger (17–3,000 μm) than that filtered by silver carp (8–100 μm). Artificial feed was readily consumed by bighead carp but not by silver carp. No growth difference was indicated for silver carp in fertilized ponds and ponds receiving artificial feed. Growth of bighead carp increased substantially with the addition of artificial feed. Silver carp grew more rapidly in cages than bighead carp.     

虾蟹专用肥的研究开发及应用

20 0 1年 ,江苏省高邮市农林局与中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心及扬州市春申生物化工有限公司共同承担了江苏省水产更新工程项目———“虾、蟹专用肥料的开发研究与推广”。经项目组人员的共同努力 ,现已顺利完成项目任务 ,研究开发的虾、蟹专用肥在试用和大面积推广应用中取得了显著效果。虾、蟹专用肥已被列为江苏省第一批无公害水产品基地拟用鱼药、饲料推荐产品 ;也是江苏省水产技术推广站、安徽省水产技术推广站、江苏省高邮市农林局、江苏省兴化市水产局、江苏省宝应县水产局、安徽寿县水产局等十多个水产行政主管和技术推广部…     

Fish assemblage associations and thresholds with existing and projected oil and gas development

Energy development threatens fish and wildlife resources worldwide. This study used constrained ordinations to show fish assemblage structure associated with oil and gas well densities in the Colorado River Basin, Wyoming, but well densities explained only 6.4% of assemblage structure when compared to other factors. Threshold Indicator Taxonomic ANalysis showed significant negative threshold responses by some species to small levels of development (<0.15 wells km^?2), whereas positive thresholds were less distinct. Some native and imperilled species could be disproportionately affected if future oil and gas development proceeds in a manner that will impact aquatic resources. Although existing development has not substantially influenced regional fish assemblage structure, it appears to affect a subset of species. Understanding assemblage‐level responses to development can help land managers determine appropriate development levels, prioritise areas for monitoring associated with future development and identify where land protection measures may be needed to offset potential risks.     

加快城乡统筹，推进我国农垦体制创新与经济发展的研究与思考

“十一五”以来，我国农垦加快体制机制改革、结构调整和经济增长方式的转变的步伐，参与市场竞争，努力提升企业和产品竞争力，经济社会事业发展较快，对国家的贡献提升，职工收入、生活质量明显提高和改善，示范引领作用不断增强。本文针对农垦体制机制创新进展滞缓，战略定位与发展方向不明，经济增长方式转变和结构调整缺乏资本、人才、技术的支撑，没有处理好改革、发展、稳定、民生的关系，投资匮乏，发展后劲不足，人才短缺和劳动力素质低下的现状，提出在未来农垦体制机制创新中要特别关注改革方向、目标设定与评估，改革要在现行法律法规的框架内运作，改革时机的选择，处理好改革发展稳定与民生的关系，调整好内部利益分配关系，自觉融入区域经济，与地方协同发展等问题。为了促进农垦的发展，建议国家加大对农垦体制机制创新、现代农业建设、国有农场土地资源的保护、社会保障体系的完善等财政和政策的支持力度。     

Gar biology and culture: status and prospects

Many lepisosteid populations in North America have declined and many are now threatened as a consequence of habitat loss and alteration and commercial and sport overfishing. Over the last two decades, morphological, histological and molecular studies allowed distinguishing between different phases of development and the nutritional condition of larvae. Ontogeny of the digestive enzymes of gar larvae indicated the possibility to feed them artificial feeds since early developmental stages. An in vitro digestibility system to test different feed ingredients has been used. Important characteristics of artificial diets were identified through different feeding experiments. Endocrinological studies showed the feasibility of altering larval development and the digestive capacity of larvae. Cloning of gar growth hormone opened new avenues to enhance growth in the gars. Plasmatic vitellogenin was isolated and purified, to develop a competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, which allowed the straightforward separation of males from females to establish appropriate proportions for reproduction and also was used to evaluate hormonal protocols to induce gonad recrudescence and spawning. This review analyzes the biology, ecology and physiology of different gar species as a basis for their domestication, mass production of larvae for repopulation experiments and for the culture of commercial‐size gar.