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1.
测定了在日周期性温度波动模式下(15±3℃)刺参(Apostichopus japonicus Selenka)耗氧率、排氨率的变化。结果表明:在15±3℃的周期性温度波动模式下,变温对刺参耗氧率有显著影响(P<0.05),在变温过程中刺参耗氧率随温度的升高而增加,在前24 h内变温组平均耗氧率显著高于对照恒温处理组(P<0.05),在48 h后其日耗氧率均值与恒温组相比已无显著差异(P>0.05)。其大小排列顺序为24 h(0.022 5mgO2·g-1·h-1)>48 h(0.021 5 mgO2·g-1·h-1)>72 h(0.018 7 mgO2·g-1·h-1)>恒温组(0.018 1 mgO2·g-1·h-1)。变温处理下刺参的排氨率随温度的升高而增加,但其24 h~72 h日平均排氨率与恒温对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。本实验中测得的刺参O∶N值在27.01~33.63,且变温对刺参的O∶N值有显著影响(P<0.05),其主要原因是变温处理对刺参的氧代谢产生了显著的影响,分析发现,变温可以使刺参的脂肪和碳水化合物的代谢比率增大,从而影响了刺参O∶N值的变化。  相似文献   

2.
不同水温对刺参幼参生长、呼吸及体组成的影响   总被引:16,自引:1,他引:15  
设计不同温度梯度(10~25℃),对刺参(Apostichopusjaponicus)幼参的生长、耗氧率和体组成进行分析。结果表明,温度对刺参幼参生长有显著性影响,生长曲线呈"钟形",在水温10~15℃,特定生长率逐渐升高,在水温15~25℃,特定生长率逐渐降低。根据温度与特定生长率关系式计算得出,刺参最适生长温度为15 5℃。不同温度对刺参幼参耗氧率有显著性影响,在10~25℃,随着温度升高,刺参幼参耗氧率呈逐渐上升趋势。20~25℃的温度系数(Q10)高于10~15℃和15~20℃的Q10,表明高温时温度变化对刺参幼参影响较大。协方差分析表明,不同温度对刺参幼参体组成和能值有显著影响(P<0 05)。在10℃处理组,刺参体内粗蛋白、粗脂肪与能值均最高。随着温度的升高,粗脂肪含量和能值逐渐降低。  相似文献   

3.
在实验室中模拟研究了高温(25.3~26.5℃)条件下,不同盐度对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)幼参和1龄刺参呼吸排泄的影响.根据对盐度的耐受性不同,分别将体质量为(0.03±0.002)g的幼参暴露于盐度梯度为20、23、26、30、35的水体中,体质量为(22.73±9.46)g的1龄刺参暴露于盐度梯度为16、20、25、30、35的水体中进行盐度变化对其呼吸排泄的影响实验,测定其耗氧率和排氨率.结果表明,盐度变化对刺参的呼吸排泄影响显著(P<0.05).幼参在23~30盐度、1龄参20~30盐度范围内,耗氧率[Rwr,mg/(g·h)]和排氨率[Rwe,μmol/(g·h)]随着盐度的升高而降低,当盐度升高至35时,两者都明显升高(以盐度30为对照),当盐度降至20(幼参)、16(1龄参)时,刺参耗氧率和排氨率均降低.盐度对刺参O:N比值的影响不显著(P>0.05),各盐度条件下,2种规格刺参的O:N比值平均在14左右,表明本实验条件下该刺参代谢所需要的能量主要南脂肪和碳水化合物提供.从呼吸和排泄的角度来看,在本实验高温(25.3~26.5℃)条件下,幼参在23~35盐度、1龄参20~35盐度范围内具有较好的渗透压调节能力,而幼参在20盐度、1龄参在16盐度下代谢功能较弱.  相似文献   

4.
温度对幼参生长和摄食的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
刺参的生长发育受许多因子的影响,其中温度是影响刺参生长发育的重要环境因子之一。研究温度对幼参生长和摄食的影响,找出其生长发育的适温范围,及其在最适温度条件下的摄食量,对于加速幼参的生长,于当年获得较大规格的幼参具有十分重要的意义。目前国内外研究温度对剌参生长、摄食影响的报道甚少。山东长岛县水产局等单位于1973—1975年曾观察过水温对幼参生长的影响。  相似文献   

5.
变温对孔石莼生长和生化组成的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在光照培养箱中研究了变温(23±3)℃、(26±3)℃、(29±3)℃及相应的恒温对照23、26、29℃共6个温度处理对孔石莼生长、叶绿素含量、可溶性糖和蛋白质含量的影响。试验结果表明,与相应的恒温相比,变温对孔石莼的生长有促进作用,且随变温持续时间发生变化。(26±3)℃变温的促生长作用最强,其次为(23±3)℃、(29±3)℃。变温处理下孔石莼的叶绿素a、b含量降低,蛋白质含量减少。可溶性糖含量除在(26±3)℃变温处理下略有升高,其余变温处理下降低。变温虽然对孔石莼的生长有不同程度的促进作用,但不利于其叶绿素a、b合成及可溶性糖积累和蛋白质合成。这可能是藻类为适应环境因子变化而做出的积极生理调节。  相似文献   

6.
比较了EM发酵人工配合饲料和人工配合饲料对刺参幼参的饲喂效果,以及对发酵饲料的最适日投喂量和日投喂次数进行了研究。结果表明:发酵饲料较配合饲料能显著提高刺参幼参的成活率和生长速度,可作为生产高产大规格刺参苗种的主要饲料;发酵饲料的最适日投喂量为刺参体重的3%~4%,增加或减少投喂量均会降低幼参的成活率和生长速度;发酵饲料的最适日投喂次数为2次,增加或减少投喂次数均会降低幼参的生长速度。本研究表明合理投喂EM发酵饲料可以为刺参养殖业提供高产且大规格苗种。  相似文献   

7.
利用变温促进罗非鱼生长的研究   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8  
在实验室内不同温度条件(恒温28℃、30℃和周期性变温28±4℃、30±4℃)下,分四组饲养罗非鱼,测定其增重、耗氧率、并推算能量同化率和组织生长效率(K_2)。结果表明,变温组均比相应恒温组生长迅速。其中以变温28±4℃组日增重最快,增重百分率最高,其次为变温30±4℃组,恒温28℃组日增重最慢,增重百分率最低。能量同化率和组织生长效率也以变温28±4℃组最高;30±4℃组能量同化率虽较高,但组织生长效率却最低。本文对变温促进罗非鱼生长的机理和其在生产实践中的意义进行了分析与探讨。  相似文献   

8.
温度和溶解氧对仿刺参存活、代谢及运动能力的影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
周晓梦  张秀梅  李文涛 《水产学报》2018,42(8):1209-1219
为探究温度和溶解氧(DO)对仿刺参存活、代谢及运动能力的影响,采用实验生态学方法,测定了水温为15°C、DO浓度为(1.0±0.1)mg/L低氧胁迫条件下大规格仿刺参[(39.35±0.40)g]单位时间内的移动距离和体表面积的变化;测算了水温15°C(适宜温度)、20°C和25°C条件下,2种规格[大(32.70±4.46)g、小(10.31±2.03)g]仿刺参在(1.0±0.1)mg/L低氧胁迫下的半致死时间(LT50),比较分析了3个温度水平(15、20及25°C)和3个DO水平[(1.0±0.1)、(3.0±0.1)及6.5 mg/L(正常DO含量)]交互作用下2种规格仿刺参的呼吸代谢强度。结果显示,水温15°C、(1.0±0.1)mg/L低氧胁迫下,随胁迫时间的增加,仿刺参运动速度总体呈现降低趋势,至胁迫72 h全部死亡;体表面积呈先增大后减小的趋势,整个胁迫期间,身体均处于伸长状态,至死亡仍显著高于对照组。(1.0±0.1)mg/L低氧胁迫时,水温15°C条件下大规格仿刺参半致死时间(LT50)为54.0 h,小规格为44.7 h;水温20°C条件下大规格仿刺参LT50为48.9 h,小规格为39.3 h;水温25°C条件下大规格仿刺参LT50为33.4 h,小规格为28.9 h。15°C组大小2种规格仿刺参的半致死时间均高于对应的20°C和25°C组,且大规格个体的低氧耐受能力高于小规格个体。相对于20°C和25°C组,在3个DO水平下,15°C组2种规格仿刺参的呼吸代谢均最为活跃,但与15°C常氧组相比,(1.0±0.1)mg/L低氧胁迫时仿刺参的呼吸代谢强度均受到明显抑制。研究表明,低氧胁迫下,仿刺参可能会通过拉长身体增加体表面积来增加氧气摄入量,并以减少运动、降低代谢强度等策略来应对低氧环境,延长存活时间。  相似文献   

9.
孙振兴 《齐鲁渔业》2004,21(5):54-55
刺参是寒温带动物,它能生存的水温范围是-1.5~27℃。幼参生长的最适宜温度为15~23℃,水温19℃时,幼参的摄食率为18%.35%。水温不超过20℃时,日摄食量越大,生长越快;超过20℃时,尽管日摄食量仍然较大,但吸收量下降。生长速度减慢。  相似文献   

10.
温度对三疣梭子蟹呼吸代谢及其相关酶活力的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
为研究温度对三疣梭子蟹Portunus trituberculatus呼吸代谢的影响,以三疣梭子蟹幼蟹(1.17±0.03)g和成蟹(57.57±1.16)g为实验材料,设5个实验温度水平(15、18、21、24、27℃),测定其在不同温度下的耗氧率和排氨率以及成蟹肝胰脏和肌肉组织中的丙酮酸激酶(PK)、己糖激酶(HK)和琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)的活力。实验结果显示,三疣梭子蟹耗氧率和排氨率均随温度的升高而升高。幼蟹耗氧率在各个温度水平下差异显著(P0.05),成蟹耗氧率仅在15-18℃与21-27℃之间差异显著(P0.05);幼蟹和成蟹排氨率在15-18℃与21-27℃之间差异显著(P0.05)。幼蟹和成蟹的氧氮比随温度的升高总体呈下降趋势,其氧氮比范围为1.38-3.02,表明三疣梭子蟹以蛋白质为主要代谢能源物质。随实验温度升高,成蟹肝胰脏中的PK活力呈上升趋势,而成蟹肌肉组织中的PK和HK的活力则随温度升高总体呈下降趋势。温度对三疣梭子蟹肝胰脏组织中SDH的活力影响显著(P0.05),SDH的活力随温度的升高呈上升趋势,在27℃时达到最大值。综上所述,无氧代谢方面,随实验温度的升高,三疣梭子蟹成蟹肝胰脏组织的糖酵解速率增大,肌肉组织对葡萄糖的利用能力下降;有氧代谢方面,成蟹肝胰脏SDH活力随实验温度的升高而升高,一定程度上反应了三疣梭子蟹在高温环境下有氧代谢加强。  相似文献   

11.
The effects of exposing the eggs of Pacific threadfin and amberjack eggs (AEs) to different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide for 5 min on hatch rate and survival were assessed in a series of experiments using a petri dish model rearing system. Despite significant inter‐batch variation in hatch rate, it was shown that eggs of both species could be safely exposed to up to 11 340 mg L−1 H2O2 for 5 min. Exposure to 34 230 mg L−1 H2O2 for 5 min was shown to be lethal to AEs at a late stage of development. In two further experiments, it was demonstrated that Pacific threadfin eggs were resistant to all tested concentrations of a range of polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (PVP‐I) concentrations and contact times (up to 1000 mg L−1 PVP‐I for 10 min). The level of bacteria adhering to the eggs of both species was highly variable. Where eggs were heavily colonized (>104 cfu egg−1), hydrogen peroxide concentrations of at least 11 340 mg L−1, or PVP‐I concentrations higher than 500 mg L−1 for 10 min, were required for effective sterilization. In less colonized batches, rinsing in sterile seawater or exposure to lower (550 mg L−1) concentrations of H2O2 was sufficient to result in high apparent levels of surface sterility (<1 cfu egg−1).  相似文献   

12.
Anguilla luzonensis and A. huangi were each described in 2009 using eels obtained from northern Luzon Island. We examined the taxonomic status of these two groups of eels using morphological and molecular genetic characters. There were no significant differences in two vertebrae counts between eels of A. luzonensis and A. huangi. Mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome b genes sequences were obtained and compared among 28 specimens of A. luzonensis, the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi, and one specimen of the other 15 anguillid species. The specimens of A. luzonensis exhibited almost identical sequences, including the holotype, with only a few site differences, and the genetic difference between the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi was within the range of differences of specimens of A. luzonensis. The other anguillid species were genetically very different from A. luzonensis and A. huangi, although A. interioris is a closely related species. It is clear that A. luzonensis and A. huangi are the same species, and according to the principle of priority in zoological nomenclature, A. luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009 is the valid species name, and A. huangi Teng, Lin, and Tzeng, 2009 is a junior synonym of A. luzonensis.  相似文献   

13.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of lead for different life stages of shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, and to determine the effect of its sublethal concentrations on osmoregulatory capacity (OC) as well as the possible histological alteration in the gills of juvenile shrimp. The 24‐, 48‐, and 96‐h LC50 values for lead to L. vannamei increased progressively with increasing life stage, from nauplii < zoeae < mysis < postlarvae < juvenile. After 15‐d exposure to 3.25, 6.50, and 9.75 mg Pb/L, the OC values of exposed shrimp were reduced by 39, 73, and 157%, respectively compared to control animals. Compared to controls, the lead concentrations in gill tissues increased significantly by 127,500, 137,500, and 141,000% in shrimps exposed to 3.25, 6.50, and 9.75 mg Pb/L, respectively. After lead exposure, hemocytic congestion in efferent vessels and multiple hyperplasia were observed in gill filaments, resulting in narrowed hemolymphatic lacuna. The histopathological effects increased with increasing Pb concentration.  相似文献   

14.
As an intertidal species, Apostichopus japonicus is subject to diel and seasonal temperature fluctuations. Color variation is a distinct characteristic of A. japonicus, and a new color morph, purple A. japonicus, was recently found on the coast of Rushan, Weihai City. This study was conducted to compare the performance of green, white, and purple color morphs of A. japonicus at different water temperatures to help improving aquaculture technology and management. In this study, green, white, and purple color morphs of juvenile A. japonicus (1.5 ± 0.1 g) were cultured at 10, 14, 18, 22, and 26 C for 60 d, according to the suitable temperature range for sea cucumber growth. Temperature was shown to have a significant effect on growth, energy budget, and physiology of sea cucumbers (P < 0.05). Specific growth rates, feed conversion efficiencies, and the proportion of energy allocated to growth of all three color morphs were optimal at 18 C. Activities of the enzymes related with oxidative stress, immune response, and digestion were determined. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and trypsin activities generally reached a maximum in all three color morphs at 18 C. The purple color morph of A. japonicus was higher in growth rate, food conversion efficiency, and proportion of energy allocated to growth than green and white color morphs at 18 and 22 C, consistent with its higher trypsin and SOD activity, indicating the mutual effect of growth and physiology. At 18, 22, and 26 C, the green color morph had the highest level of lysozyme activity and purple color morph had the lowest, indicating possible infection by external pathogens of green color morph, which might be caused by high temperature. These results suggested that the optimum temperature for culture of the three color morphs was approximately 18 C, the purple had a better adaption to high temperature, and the green and white color morphs may be more susceptible to thermal stress than the purple color morph.  相似文献   

15.
对驼背鲈(Chromileptes altivelis)的胚胎发育及仔、稚、幼鱼的形态特征进行了详细的观察与研究,描述了从受精卵到仔、稚、幼鱼各发育期的时间和形态特征变化。结果表明,在水温25-26℃、盐度30的海水中,受精卵历时27 h 25 min完成整个胚胎发育过程,经历从卵裂、囊胚、原肠、神经胚到肌节形成、各器官的逐渐形成、变化、完善等一系列的胚胎发育和变化过程;根据其卵黄囊消长情况、鳞片的覆盖状态、体色发生的不同变化以及第二背鳍和腹鳍的消长,将胚后发育分为仔、稚、幼鱼3个阶段。在水温22-26℃、盐度29-31、DO≥5 mg/L的条件下,2-3 d仔鱼卵黄囊消失,开口摄食;生长发育至31 d,仔鱼已变态进入稚鱼期;培育至57 d,稚鱼完成变态,成为幼鱼。第二背鳍棘和腹鳍棘的生长与收缩等石斑鱼类早期发育的共性生长特征及其体表特性体色变化特征为驼背鲈胚后发育过程中最明显的特征。  相似文献   

16.
Mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) occur in estuarine and coastal waters surrounding Australia, Africa, India, Pakistan, China, Korea and Japan, where they are important in fisheries. This study identified that mulloway in south-eastern Australia had similar growth rates, but matured at smaller lengths and younger ages, to those in South Africa and Western Australia. Growth of both sexes was similar to about 5 years, after which females grew faster and attained a greater maximum length than males. Female mulloway matured at 4–5 years of age with a L50 of 68 cm, whereas males matured at 2–3 years of age with a L50 of 51 cm. The commercial fishery in New South Wales was characterised by declining catches and a reduction in the proportion of mulloway of mature lengths in landings. During 2002–2005 commercial landings were dominated (83%) by fish within 15 cm of the current minimum legal total length of 45 cm and aged 2 and 3 years (>80%), even though mulloway can attain lengths of 200 cm and live >30 years. Estimates of the rates of instantaneous total mortality ranged between 0.34 and 0.45, whilst the rate of instantaneous natural mortality (M) was estimated to be approximately 0.12. Yield-per-recruit analyses indicated that mulloway in New South Wales are being growth overfished and substantial increases in yield could be achieved by increasing the length at first harvest. Values of the spawning potential ratio were below 0.2 under a range of mortality estimates, suggesting that mulloway are at risk of recruitment overfishing. These results suggest that the spawning stock of mulloway in south-eastern Australia has been depleted and that remedial management action is required to protect this iconic species.  相似文献   

17.
Mosquitofish, Gambusia sp., have been spread throughout the world to biologically control mosquitoes. However, the fish has gained a reputation as an invasive species and has been implicated in displacing native aquatic species. Gambusia affinis are native to the southeastern United States and commonly occur in commercial channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, production ponds. We investigated effects of mosquitofish presence on zooplankton populations, water quality, disease occurrence, and fish production in experimental ponds. There were no differences between ponds with or without mosquitofish in numbers of calanoid copepods, cyclopoid copepods, total copepods, Bosmina sp., Ceriodaphnia sp., Moina sp., Daphnia sp., or total cladocerans. There were also no differences in copepod and cladoceran sizes. Copepod nauplii were more numerous during the summer months in ponds with mosquitofish. There were no differences in water quality variables (soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH) or phytoplankton density between ponds stocked with and without mosquitofish. Catfish production and disease occurrence were also similar between ponds with and without mosquitofish. Although mosquitofish may cause problems when stocked outside their native range, there does not appear to be any adverse effects of mosquitofish presence in catfish production ponds.  相似文献   

18.
The recruitment strategy of swimming crabs, Portunus trituberculatus, was investigated by field observations and numerical experiments in Hiuchi-Nada, Japan. Calculated dispersal patterns of zoeal and megalopal stages in a three-dimensional numerical model reproduce observed patterns accurately. The temporal change of vertical migration patterns between the 1st and 2nd zoeas and the 3rd and 4th zoeas plays an important role in the process of recruitment of P. trituberculatus from spawning ground to nursery ground.  相似文献   

19.
Studies under laboratory and field conditions have shown that juvenile Mulinia edulis clams measuring 5–15 mm are able to tolerate transfer times of over 24 hr and burrow successfully. Burrowing generally followed an asymptotic curve over time, with a rapid initial phase for smaller juveniles, which slowed over time. In laboratory conditions, at low temperatures (8°C), juvenile burrowing was initially rapid (50–70% at first 2 min). In summer temperatures (15.5°C), the burrowing capacity of three sizes of juvenile clams was tested. Size determines differences in burrowing dynamics, where juveniles of 8.9 mm shell length (SL) take longer to burrow than smaller juveniles (4.9 and 6.3 mm SL). For longer transfer times in laboratory conditions (>12 hr), burrowing was slower. The results indicate a faster burrowing rate in smaller (<10 mm) juvenile clams than in larger ones. Transfer times over 24 hr in field experiments show burrowing levels of over 50% after a 60‐min evaluation, with larger juveniles (>10 mm) requiring longer for burrowing. Based on our results, we suggest sending seeds out to grow in natural environments at SL <10 mm, temperatures below 12°C, and transfer times shorter than 12 hr. These results are valuable for improving future transfer techniques from hatchery to growout for small‐scale aquaculture of this new native species in South America.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract

Effects of salinity on embryonic development and growth of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, eggs and larvae were studied. Eggs were incubated at 27-29°C in 2,4,6,8, and 10 ppt sodium chloride. Rate of embryonic development was delayed in all salt solutions by 15, 15,28 and 30 minutes, in 2,4,6, and 8 ppt sodium chloride, respectively, when compared with the control group (0% salt); total mortality occurred at 12 hours after gastrula stage in the 10 ppt concentration. Percentage hatching was 45.1,47.7, 59.5,49.2, and 26.6% while percentage deformity was 10.4, 16.1, 52.0, 28.6, and 71.6% in 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 ppt salt treatments, respectively. There were significant differences (P <0.05) in the hatching percentage and in deformity percentage between 4, 6, and 8 ppt. Rate of yolk absorption was significantly faster in the control and 2 ppt salt treatments, but slower in 4, 6, and 8 ppt. Rate of increase in length was slower with increasing salinity. The optimum salinity for African catfish eggs and was between 0-2 ppt and acceptable up to 6 ppt. The results suggest that increasing salinity delayed hatching and development of African catfish eggs and larvae, respectively, as well as increased the deformity of the larvae.  相似文献   

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