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1.
采用实验生态学的方法研究了水温时圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegatus)摄食和生长的影响.试验结果表明:水温对圆斑星鲽生长发育的影响明显,在适宜的水温条件下,圆斑星鲽的生长发育速度是不适宜水温条件下的5倍.圆斑星鲽的适宜摄食温度为15~24℃,最佳摄食温度为18~21℃,每天的平均摄食率为鱼体重的1%左右.水温<18℃或>21℃时,摄食量开始迅速下降,到了12℃时,摄食率比最高时下降了80%左右,6℃时几乎不摄食.2~26℃水温是圆斑星鲽养殖生产的安全上下限.  相似文献   

2.
用配合饲料在微流水池塘主养长吻鮠(Leiocassis longirostris),以适当的养殖密度、合理增氧、科学管理和防病治病,经过330d的试验,单产13542kg/hm2,利润72850元L/hm2,饵料系数1.93。结果表明,长吻鮠的生长水温为15~32℃,最适宜生长水温22~28℃;鱼种放养规格在70~240g/尾时生长较快,400g/尾以上时,生长速度明显下降。水温在25—28℃且规格小于240g/尾时,饵料系数较低;水温低于22℃和高于28℃时以及规格大于240g/尾时饵料系数偏高。在微流水池塘条件下,用配合饲料养殖长吻鮠能够取得较好的经济效益。  相似文献   

3.
卵形鲳鲹深水网箱养殖密度试验   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
古恒光  周银环 《渔业现代化》2009,36(4):33-36,41
为了研究深水网箱养殖卵形鲳鲹适宜的放养密度,在一组4个深水网箱中分别按照40,50,60,80尾/m3的密度,放养规格12~14 g/尾的卵形鲳鲹苗种进行为期100~122 d的养殖试验.结果表明;40~50尾/m3放养密度的各项生长指标优于60~80尾/m3,40~50尾/m3的日均增重、饲料系数、成活率和利润分别为4.32~4.23 g/d、1.75~1.80、91.7%~90.3%、43.0~44.6元/m3,60~80尾/m3分别为3.83~3.12 g/d、1.92~2.10、89.6%~86.4%、23.4~-17.4元/m3.过高的放养密度不利于卵形鲳鲹生长,并且增大了饲料系数,增加了养殖成本.在深水网箱中放养规格为12~14 g/尾的卵形鲳鲹,养殖密度以40~50尾/m3为宜.  相似文献   

4.
用配合饲料在微流水池塘主养长吻(鮑)(Leiocassis longirostris),以适当的养殖密度、合理增氧、科学管理和防病治病,经过330 d的试验,单产13 542 kg/hm2,利润72 850元/hm2,饵料系数1.93.结果表明,长吻(鮑)的生长水温为15~32℃,最适宜生长水温22~28℃;鱼种放养规格在70~240g/尾时生长较快,400g/尾以上时,生长速度明显下降.水温在25~28℃且规格小于240 g/尾时,饵料系数较低;水温低于22℃和高于28℃时以及规格大于240g/尾时饵料系数偏高.在微流水池塘条件下,用配合饲料养殖长吻(鮑)能够取得较好的经济效益.  相似文献   

5.
圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegatus)是中国海域仅存的一种星鲽属鱼类,属于稀有品种,其自然资源匮乏.捕获量极少。而圆斑星鲽的人工繁殖较为困难,开展人工养殖缺乏足够的苗种数量。在介绍圆斑星鲽的生物学特性、苗种繁育及其分子遗传学等方面研究进展的基础上。对当前圆斑星鲽存在的问题和养殖前景提出了分析与展望。  相似文献   

6.
为了解工厂化养殖条件下圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegates)幼鱼的生长特性,在水温9.0~22.5℃时,对圆斑星鲽幼鱼的体长和体质量进行了近1年的测定分析。结果显示:平均体长为(9.29±0.16)cm、平均体质量为(22.11±1.03)g的5月龄左右的圆斑星鲽幼鱼,经1年的人工饲养后平均体长为(36.15±0.36)cm、平均体质量为(647.97±12.54)g,体长与日龄之间呈线性关系L=1.492x+2.350,R2=0.966,其体长平均瞬时增长率为0.12,体长平均月增长量为2.44 cm;体质量与日龄之间呈指数关系Wgc=9.380 e0.264x,R2=0.960,其体质量平均瞬时增长率为0.31,体质量平均月增长量为56.92 g;体长与体质量的回归曲线Wwl=0.030x2.971,R2=0967,幂指数约等于3,表明体质量与体长的立方呈正相关系,为等比生长类型。在工厂化养殖条件下,圆斑星鲽幼鱼的体质量增长量、体质量相对生长率、体质量瞬时生长率与水温变化大体一致,16~18℃时增重较快;反映幼鱼生长阶段的生长指标、生长系数波动较大,没有显示出规律性;体质量与体长呈显著相关,处于负异速生长阶段。  相似文献   

7.
为研究圆斑星鲽早期发育过程中色素细胞的形态和分布,实验对1~72日龄的圆斑星鲽鱼苗进行了连续的显微观察,并绘制了早期发育生长曲线。结果显示,圆斑星鲽从20日龄开始进入快速的增长期,在水温12~19.5°C时完成变态发育需要50 d,黑色素细胞最早出现,数量最多,黄色素细胞次之,虹彩细胞最后发育,数量最少。变态前黑色素细胞密度先升高后降低,在9日龄密度最大为1390个/mm~2,色素细胞逐渐密集鱼体两侧对称分布;变态开始后鱼体两侧色素不对称,有眼侧体表黑色素细胞逐渐溶解消退,由成体黑色素细胞代替,体色变深,黑色素细胞密度稳定在150个/mm~2;无眼侧黑色素细胞逐渐消溶退化,体色逐渐变白。白化个体在变态开始后出现,有眼侧不能形成成体黑色素细胞,形成白化。  相似文献   

8.
洱海鲤生物学特性及人工繁养殖技术的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
洱海鲤最适生长水温18~25℃,产卵适宜水温20~25℃;网箱投饵养殖,投喂粗蛋白28.6%的颗粒饲料。饵料系数1.72。增重3.15倍,不投饵养殖增重1.90倍,但成活率较投饵养殖低5%;池塘培育饵料系数1.38,肥料系数4.96。  相似文献   

9.
为了解鱼种不同放养规格和密度对刺鲃网箱养殖效果的影响,2007~2008年,应用HACCP体系原理,在江西赣州市陡水湖进行了刺鲃鱼种不同放养规格和放养密度的网箱养殖试验.试验分5组,每组设3个平行,共15个网箱,分别为相同放养密度(80尾/m2)、不同放养规格(10、50、90 g/尾)和相同放养规格(50 g/尾)、不同放养密度(60、80、100尾/m2).结果表明,刺鲃鱼种的放养规格和放养密度均对网箱养成的商品鱼的规格、群体产量、饲料系数和经济效益有显著影响,但对成活率的影响较小.刺鲃网箱健康养殖以每m2放养规格为50 ~100 g/尾的鱼种60~80尾为宜.  相似文献   

10.
星斑川鲽工厂化养殖技术介绍   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
星斑川鲽(Platichthys stellatus),俗黎珍珠鲽,黄金鲽,鹰斑鲽,江鲽,棘鲽等,是一种经济价值很高的冷温性大型鲽类,与圆斑星鲽,条斑星鲽齐名。人工养殖条件下生长速度快,一般放养全长5厘米的苗种,养殖10个月体重可达600-800克,  相似文献   

11.
12.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

13.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

16.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

17.
18.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

19.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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