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1.
戚福清  林军  张清雨 《水产学报》2023,47(12):129514-129514
为了解侧板结构对八棱柱型人工鱼礁流场效应的影响,实验基于计算流体力学方法(computational fluid dynamics, CFD),利用大涡模拟(LES)对4种不同侧板结构的八棱柱型人工鱼礁周围流场变化进行数值模拟,并以上升流体积、背涡流体积和向上输运通量等为流场效应指标进行了分析,同时利用水槽实验对数值模型进行验证。结果显示,水槽实验流速与2种尺寸数值模拟流速的均方根误差最大不超过0.065。0°垂直迎流时,2种来流速度下,A型、C型和D型礁的上升流体积较B型礁最大分别高35.6%、244.1%和80.1%,背涡流体积较B型礁最大分别高193.5%、115.8%和88.8%。C型和D型礁的向上输运通量均大于A型礁,且C型礁最大向上输运通量是D型礁的1.29倍。不同迎流角度下,C型礁和D型礁的上升流体积和背涡流体积在4种角度下差异显著,且迎流面投影面积和上升流体积及背涡流体积之间相关系数较小。研究表明,实验所采用的数值模拟准确可靠;侧板数量增加对于提升八棱柱型人工鱼礁流场效应尤其是上升流效应作用明显;下层侧板固定时,上层为倾斜侧板有利于提升礁体的上升流效应,上层为垂直侧板时...  相似文献   

2.
人工鱼礁流场风洞实验与数值模拟对比验证   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
人工鱼礁增殖渔业资源的生态效益一定程度上取决于其产生的流场效应,因此流场效应的研究是人工鱼礁生态效益研究的关键.数值计算是研究人工鱼礁流场效应的新方法,但其可行性和准确度还没有得到广泛验证.本研究针对正方体、三棱柱及金字塔型人工鱼礁实体模型,根据流动相似性原理设定相对应的来流速度,分别利用风洞实验和数值模拟研究了人工鱼礁周围的流场,选择具有代表性测点的水平和垂直方向流速,无量纲化后进行对比.研究表明,两实验测点流速平均误差约8%,大多数测点的u*(x方向无量纲流速)差别甚微,且变化趋势基本相同,从而验证了数值计算模拟人工鱼礁流场的可行性和准确性.  相似文献   

3.
潮流作用下人工鱼礁山海域泥沙输运的数值模拟研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
林军  吴星辰  杨伟 《水产学报》2020,44(12):2087-2099
为探究人工鱼礁投放后对海域底质的影响,实验基于海洋数值模型FVCOM (finite volume community ocean model)及其泥沙计算模块,对嵊泗马鞍列岛的人工鱼礁山的流场效应、悬沙和底床泥沙冲淤效果进行了数值模拟研究。数值模型中圆台型堆积人工鱼礁山设置为直径100 m、高度10 m,将人工鱼礁山部分简化为密闭空间并减去相应高度的水深,以体现潮流作用下鱼礁山周围的泥沙悬浮、底床冲淤效应。通过对大小潮期间涨急、落急时刻流场的分析,结果发现鱼礁山对流速的影响主要体现在鱼礁山附近,礁体上方及潮流主轴两侧的底层流速增加,背流面一侧流速大幅减弱。鱼礁山投放前后悬浮泥沙含量的差异与流场变化趋势比较接近,最大值不超过0.01 g/L。海床的泥沙冲淤结果在人工鱼礁山周围表现为沿涨、落潮主轴方向淤积,两侧冲刷,冲淤结果在±0.5 m左右,且水平影响范围在鱼礁山2倍直径,即约200 m以内,由人工鱼礁引起的泥沙输运过程是一个局部变化过程。研究表明,为避免局部过度冲刷,需对鱼礁山潮流椭圆短轴侧的附近海底使用特殊护底型礁体进行加固处理。潮流速度过大、且底质易严重冲淤的海域不适合建设人工鱼礁山。  相似文献   

4.
研究人工鱼礁在波流作用下的水动力特性,对于人工鱼礁的设计具有重要的意义。基于有限体积法,采用边界造波,利用自由表面捕捉法(VOF)捕捉自由水面,建立了可以分别模拟纯波、均匀流以及波流共同作用下人工鱼礁水动力特性的多功能三维数值波流水槽。基于该数值模型对不同波流工况作用下圆柱型镂空人工鱼礁水动力特性进行数值模拟,并与物理模型试验结果进行比较。结果显示,人工鱼礁数值模拟受力与模型试验结果吻合良好,人工鱼礁所受的波流力最大值随着波高、周期和水流流速的增大而增大;人工鱼礁处于波流场波峰正下方时,背涡流的面积随着水流流速的增大而增大,随着波高、周期增大而减小。对单独均匀流作用、单独波浪作用和波流联合作用下人工鱼礁的水动力特性对比研究表明,人工鱼礁所受的最大波流力比最大波浪力、水流力都大,波流联合作用下的流场效应最显著,在礁体的后部形成了较大规模的漩涡结构。  相似文献   

5.
基于流场数值仿真的人工鱼礁组合优化研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
林军  章守宇  叶灵娜 《水产学报》2013,37(7):1023-1031
基于特征礁水槽集鱼实验,研究了不同结构人工鱼礁和不同背景速度下黑鲷幼鱼在各流速区段出现频度,以鱼类出现频度高、水平流速为背景速度的0.7倍和0.8倍以下的流场空间体积作为背涡流范围指标,以垂向上升流速为水平来流速度的0.1倍和0.2倍以上的空间体积作为上升流范围指标,基于Fluent、采用大涡模拟法(LES)的湍流模型,进行数值水槽建模,以4种单位鱼礁组合方案为例来分析不同组合流场效应的差异和优劣。研究表明,边长3 m的正方体鱼礁,以20~30个单礁、1~2倍礁距进行五点式、对称型单位鱼礁组合投放为宜,这样既能发挥礁体的协同效应,又能使单位鱼礁的调控范围达到最大化。  相似文献   

6.
为了探明人工鱼礁对局地潮汐动力等因素的影响规律和机制,根据2016年7月东山海人工鱼礁区内外2个站位的25 h连续观测流速和水位数据,结合数值模拟方法,分析了广东惠州东山海人工鱼礁区建成后对礁区及周边海域潮汐动力等造成的影响。基于数值模拟,对建礁前后模拟结果对比分析获得了潮汐潮流等因子的变化情况。结果显示,模型模拟结果与实测值吻合良好;人工鱼礁区建成后对研究区域的潮汐调和常数和潮汐特性几乎没有影响;人工鱼礁区的部分分潮潮流椭圆会改变方向和转向,礁区外则几乎没有影响;建礁后礁区内部余流方向改变不大,礁区整体余流呈减小趋势;礁区附近水平流场改变明显,但对礁区外部影响范围有限,礁区迎流面有明显上升流,大潮涨急时刻底层上升流最大可达1.2 cm·s~(–1),礁区后部则出现下降流。  相似文献   

7.
为了对4种不同开口大小的六边形开口方形人工鱼礁在4种迎流角度下数值模拟和水槽模型试验的阻力系数进行对比验证,分别利用水槽模型和数值模拟试验方法对4种不同开口比(γty=0.0625,0.14,0.25,0.39)六边形开口方形人工鱼礁在4种迎流角度(θ=0°,15°,30°,45°)状态下的阻力进行测定,并计算两种方法的阻力系数。结果表明:(1)在数值模拟和水槽模型试验中,人工鱼礁模型阻力均随着开口比的增大而减小;礁体迎流角度的变化可改变礁体阻力,且在4种迎流角度下,人工鱼礁阻力在θ=30°时最大。(2)人工鱼礁数值模拟与水槽模型试验中,当θ为15°、30°和45°时,阻力系数均随着开口比的增加而增加,具有明显的线性关系,且阻力系数在迎流角度θ=30°时最大。(3)数值模拟与模型试验阻力的相对误差在0.12%~17.18%,平均误差7.43%;礁体阻力系数的相对误差在0.03%~14.64%,平均误差5.26%。阻力及阻力系数误差均在20%以下。水槽模型试验与数值模拟阻力和阻力系数相关系数R分别为0.99和0.80,P<0.001,具有极强的相关性。因此,利用数值模拟精细化研究人工鱼礁水动力性能是可行的。  相似文献   

8.
杨伟  林军  唐建江  杨冠林 《水产学报》2022,46(12):2366-2382
为在大尺度海洋模型中合理体现透水性人工鱼礁组合,基于海洋数值模式FVCOM(finite volume community ocean model)模拟了大陈岛拟建人工鱼礁区的水动力情况,比较了阻滞力法、实心礁法和附加底摩擦法在投礁前后的垂向流速、礁顶平面流速、水体向上输运通量和背涡流体积的差异,并根据投礁前后的流速差异,应用经验公式预测了投礁一年后底床泥沙冲淤情况。数值模拟结果表明,礁体组合迎流面产生上升流,礁体背流面流速减小,涨急时刻所形成缓流区长度在礁体组合长度20倍以上,年底床淤积厚度约0.05 m。阻滞力法以减少来流的动态功率密度来模拟礁体对水流的阻滞作用,可有效合理地实现对透水性人工鱼礁流场效应的模拟,避免了实心礁法在透水性鱼礁模拟中过高估计流场效应的问题,也没有附加底摩擦法只适用于低矮礁体的缺陷。阻滞力法可根据透水性礁体的造型、迎流面积、组合个数、布放方式和所处水层而设置各向和各水层的阻流参数,不仅适用于置底型透水性鱼礁,也适用于浮鱼礁。阻滞力法的建立、完善和应用对于今后的人工鱼礁水动力学和生态动力学研究具有重要意义。  相似文献   

9.
海底条件的变化可能会加剧人工鱼礁的局部冲刷甚至产生掏空,导致人工鱼礁倾覆或掩埋,最终影响人工鱼礁的生态修复功能。为更好地了解人工鱼礁的冲刷特性,明确冲刷地形的形成机制,本研究首先采用物理模型试验的方法,对放置在粉砂底质上的人工鱼礁在不同水流条件下的局部冲刷问题进行了研究,并通过对原型流场进行数值模拟,讨论分析了水流及礁体结构特征对局部冲刷形态的影响机制。模型试验结果显示,0.11 m/s流速对试验选取的模型沙的影响不显著,礁体模型背面冲刷坑的深度仅为0.5 mm,两侧无明显冲刷坑,当流速增加到0.22和0.27 m/s时,沙床表面形成了均匀分布的沙鳞,背面冲刷坑深度分别达到1.0和1.5 mm,两侧冲刷坑的最大深度为4.5 mm,宽度分别为4.0和7.5 cm;流场数值模拟的分析结果显示,原型条件下流场、沙床剪切力和涡量的高值区和模型试验中冲刷强区存在对应关系,礁体的开孔和多柱支撑设计增大了局部冲刷强度。该研究表明,在粉砂底质条件下人工鱼礁的局部冲刷程度随流速的增加而增强,但总体冲刷不严重,未出现掏空或掩埋现象;礁体结构对局部冲刷有较大影响,因此,礁体设计与布局时应综合考虑流场效应、稳定性和冲刷形态等因素。  相似文献   

10.
采用计算流体动力学(CFD)技术,研究了不同布设间距下,多孔方型人工鱼礁周围水流运动的规律,旨在为深入研究人工鱼礁的集鱼原理和海洋牧场建设中人工鱼礁的投放和布设提供更多参考。本研究采用了4种布设间距,分别为0.5、1、1.5和2倍鱼礁高度,基于计算机数值模拟技术,模拟了速度为0.8m/s的水流流经2个礁体的过程,分别观察鱼礁周围水流运动情况。结果显示,多孔方型人工鱼礁内部和周围存在缓流区、背涡流区、上升流区、死水区等有显著特征的区域;多孔方型人工鱼礁上升流的最大速度与来流速度的比值约为0.95倍;多孔方型人工鱼礁周围上升流最大抬升高度与鱼礁高度之比约为2.1;多孔方型人工鱼礁的结构在一定程度上为鱼礁周围的流态多样性提供了较有利的作用;多孔方型人工鱼礁的布设间距对2个鱼礁单体间的旋涡数量和旋涡方向有较大影响,也对涡量大小和涡量分布范围产生影响。研究表明,在一定范围内,布设间距越大,涡量越大,分布范围越广,但超过一定范围后,涡量不再增大,分布范围也不再扩大;多孔方型人工鱼礁的布设间距越大,背涡流在X方向和Y方向的影响面积越大。研究结果清晰地展现了不同布设间距下的人工鱼礁的流场效应,对在特定条件下进行人工鱼礁投放和布设具有重要意义。  相似文献   

11.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

12.
13.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

16.
17.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

18.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

19.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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