罗非鱼鱼皮胶原蛋白提取条件的研究

胶原蛋白用途广泛，其制品已应用于医药、保健品、食品、化妆品等众多领域。如胶原护肤霜、胶原面膜、胶原美容口服片等系列产品，其内服外用效果良好，满足了当前消费者对功能性产品的强烈需求；目前在欧美国家，服用胶原产品进行皮肤深层养护已成时尚。据专家预测，我国的胶原热潮也即将到来。胶原也是人类皮肤的主要组成成分。人处于幼年时，皮肤中胶原的含量高，随着年龄的增长，其含量开始逐渐下降，导致皮肤渐渐丧失保湿功能，人体只有不断合成新胶原才能保持皮肤健康且具有弹性。胶原蛋白的阴离子侧链丰富，能吸附大量水分，维持皮肤的湿润、弹性。胶原蛋白含有一种独特的氨基酸——羟脯氨酸（Hyp），合成新胶原蛋白时需要大量的羟脯氨酸。除化妆品外，在医疗用品方面还研制了胶原止血纱布及胶原创可贴，应用于外科手术、战地救护，其市场巨大，前景广阔。以往，很大一部分胶原蛋白是从陆生哺乳动物中提取的，近年来，由于疯牛病和口蹄疫的影响，人们已经开始从鱼类中提取胶原蛋白，所提取的胶原蛋白更为安全。     

鱼鳞利用的研究进展

本文叙述了鱼鳞的营养成分组成及其制取胶原、胶原蛋白、明胶、小肽、羟基磷灰石、鸟嘌呤、高度不饱和脂肪酸、糖缀合物、饲料粉等产品的生产工艺，并且介绍了鱼鳞在食品、医药、生物材料、化妆品、饲料等方面的应用，为鱼鳞的进一步开发和应用提供参考。     

海洋生物技术与水产养殖生物病害防治

进入９０年代以来，由于水产养殖生物疾病的发生呈上升趋势，特别是病毒性疾病的暴发与流行，已成为制约海水养殖业进一步发展的重要因素。因此，海洋生物技术在海水养殖生物疾病防治方面的应用研究倍受瞩目，国内外专家、学者在这方面开展了不少研究，并取得了一些的成果。海洋生物技术在水产养殖生物病害防治方面的应用，主要包括养殖生态环境的生物修复技术、养殖生物疾病的诊断和防治等。 一、应用海洋生物技术修复养殖生态环境 在养殖环境的生物修复技术中，以往研究较多、应用较广的主要为一些天然微生物制剂，既有单一菌株的制剂如光…     

纳滤膜对鱼鳞小分子胶原肽提取液脱盐性能的研究

采用纳滤技术进行鱼鳞小分子胶原肽提取液的脱盐小试实验,研究了不同分子量的纳滤膜对料液脱盐效果及胶原肽回收率的影响。实验结果表明,截留分子量为700 u的卷式纳滤膜能够有效地除去鱼鳞胶原肽提取液中的无机盐类。脱盐后,鱼鳞胶原肽提取液的电导率从26.9 ms/cm下降到80.3μs/cm,无机盐浓度从13.9 g/L下降到0.04 g/L,胶原肽的回收率为72.7%,最终产品的灰分为0.79%。     

卫星遥感和GIS技术在海洋渔业资源研究中的应用

卫星遥感和地理信息系统（geographic information system，GIS）技术为海洋渔业资源研究提供了新的技术和方法，已在海洋渔业领域得到广泛应用。文章从海表温度、叶绿素浓度2个方面综述了遥感在海洋渔业环境因子方面的应用，简单介绍了GIS技术以及遥感和GIS技术的结合在海洋渔业资源研究中的应用。并在此基础上讨论了遥感和GIS技术在海洋渔业应用中需要注意的几个问题。     

国外简讯

日本水产食品加工厂家井原水产在北海道公立研究机构和大学的协作下，于1995年开始从事从大马哈鱼提取胶原的研发，采取独特的脱脂、提取、精制方法，成功地开发了高纯度鱼胶并开始上市，而且将其应用到化妆品中去。     

韩国赤潮监测、预报体系及防治技术研究与应用概况

章根据作赴韩对韩国沿岸水域的赤潮状况。赤潮生物种类的鉴别、分离和培养，有毒甲藻的毒性，分子生物学在快速检测赤潮生物中的应用以及赤潮的监测、预报及防治对策等方面的考察，从韩国赤潮及渔业损失基本概况、韩国赤潮监测、预报中心、韩国赤潮预警及防治技术研究与应用，韩国赤潮相关学科的研究概况等方面简要概述了韩国赤潮监测，预报体系及防治技术研究与应用情况．并对我国赤潮监测、预报及防治技术研究提出了几点设想和建议。     

同工酶技术在水产动物生理及疾病研究中的应用

系统介绍了近年同工酶技术在水产动物生理及病理研究中的应用，主要包括生理生化及病理诊断2个方面，并对其应用前景进行厂展望。为同工酶技术在这2个领域中以后的应用提供参考。     

水产胶原蛋白及胶原多肽的研究进展

胶原蛋白是动物结缔组织中的主要成分,是动物体内含量最多、分布最广、具有免疫学性质[1]的蛋白质,在皮革业、影像业、制药业、糖果生产、生物医学原料和食品工业中有广泛的应用。最近,国外研究表明,胶原水解所得的胶原多肽不仅具有很好的消化特性,而且还具有许多生理活性功能,     

水产品保鲜技术研究进展

从物理保鲜和化学保鲜两个方面综述了国内外对水产品保鲜技术的研究进展，以期为从事水产品保鲜技术研究和应用的人员提供借鉴。     

Interactions between ice storage time, collagen composition, gaping and textural properties in farmed salmon muscle harvested at different times of the year

Atlantic salmon were sampled in June, September and February of the consecutive year and were stored on ice for up to 14 days in order to test the effect of harvest time and subsequent ice storage on meat quality. Texture and gaping frequency were analysed and were related to colour, protein degradation, collagen solubility, collagen types and final pH as well as lipid oxidation in the fillets to test possible interactions between harvest time and quality degradation during storage. In February, the connective tissue contained more soluble collagen and less insoluble collagen, as well as more of both types I and V collagen, than in the samples collected in June. During ice storage, fish became softer with a concomitant increase in the number of fish displaying very high gaping. pH increased during ice storage and fillet colour became lighter and redder, while yellowness changed in the fattier fillets upon ice storage. Ice storage resulted in changes in pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) depending on harvest time as did both types I and V collagen. The softer the fish, the higher the gaping score and the more insoluble collagen, the less gaping occurred.     

The effects of scallop shell extract on collagen synthesis

ABSTRACT:   Previous observations showed that scallop shells contain organic components that have various useful applications for skin. In this study, the effect of the organic components of scallop shell (scallop shell extract) on collagen metabolism is investigated. Collagen metabolism is tightly controlled by the collagen degrading matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP). Treatment of human skin fibroblast cells with the scallop shell extract increased the mRNA expression levels of type I collagen, MMP-1 and TIMP-1, suggesting that the scallop shell extract may activate collagen metabolism in skin fibroblast cells. Sirius red staining and the colorimetric quantification of collagen in fibroblast cells demonstrated that the scallop shell extract increased collagen content by approximately 1.3-fold. In vivo studies also revealed that the topical application of the scallop shell extract to rat dorsal skin increased the collagen content in the skin tissue section. These results suggest that the scallop shell extract may be effective for the treatment of photoaged and aging skin, which undergo collagen loss.     

海蜇胶原蛋白肽的免疫活性的研究

用酶解海蜇胶原蛋白得到海蜇胶原蛋白肽研究其对小鼠的免疫调节作用。给小鼠灌胃海蜇胶原蛋白肽,测定了免疫器官指数,巨噬细胞吞噬功能,脾淋巴细胞增殖功能等免疫功能指标。试验结果表明,高剂量海蜇胶原蛋白肽能明显提高小鼠的碳廓清指数K、吞噬指数α和脾脏指数,显著促进伴刀豆球蛋白诱导的T淋巴细胞增殖。     

不同加热温度下刺参肌肉组织与胶原纤维结构的变化

为研究鲜活和不同加热温度下刺参体壁组织构造及其胶原纤维结构的变化,采用VanGieson染色法观察组织构造、采用细胞分裂扫描电镜法(cell-maceration/SEM)观察胶原纤维结构,同时利用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)测定刺参肌肉蛋白质的热收缩温度。结果发现,在不同加热温度条件下,刺参体壁组织构造及其胶原纤维结构均发生显著变化。随着加热温度的升高,刺参肌肉组织中纤维逐渐聚集交联,形成多孔网状结构;蛋白质发生热变性、胶原纤维结构收缩,导致纤维排列紧密,纤维间孔隙度呈减小趋势。与刺参整体组织构造的变化相比,胶原纤维结构的变化尤其明显。鲜活刺参体壁肌肉蛋白质的热收缩温度为68.92℃,加热过程中蛋白质的热变性是引起其构造变化的主要原因。     

Changes in muscle collagen content during <Emphasis Type="Italic">post mortem</Emphasis> storage of farmed sea bream (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sparus aurata</Emphasis>): influence on textural properties

The changes in collagen content and its solubility in sea bream muscle were studied for variable storage times following the death of the fish, and these variables were related to the evolution of physical parameters important for consumer acceptance: firmness and water-holding capacity (WHC). The results show that the collagen content in muscle diminished slightly over storage time and that this variable was directly related to firmness but inversely related to the water-holding capacity. With regard to collagen solubility, a decline was detected in acid-soluble collagen (ASC) in the first few post mortem hours, perhaps related to the end of rigor mortis that occurs at these stages. Pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) increased, while insoluble collagen (ISC) decreased from 96 h, coinciding with a loss of firmness. This softening can be explained as a result of specific collagenases acting on the insoluble fraction of the collagen.     

Pyridinoline concentrations in muscular and skin collagen of fish and relationship between collagen solubility and pyridinoline concentration in fish muscular collagen

Pyridinoline (Pyr), one of the mature crosslinks of collagen, was determined in muscular collagen of three species of fish. The amounts of muscular Pyr in red sea bream, yellowtail, and tiger puffer were 3.4, 8.8, and 50.3 mmol/mol collagen, respectively, indicating that the Pyr concentration in muscular collagen differs greatly among fish species. The Pyr concentration in tiger puffer muscular collagen was the greatest, but it was only one-fourth that in rabbit muscle. As in mammalian skin collagen, Pyr was not detected in skin collagen of red sea bream and yellowtail. However, tiger puffer skin contained Pyr (3.75 mmol/mol collagen). The presence of Pyr would have a relationship to some features of tiger puffer skin, such as mechanical strength and thickness. Pyr concentrations in acid-soluble collagen (ASC), pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC), and insoluble collagen (ISC) in muscles of three species of fish were determined. Pyr was found in ISC > PSC > ASC, from the highest to the lowest concentration, and the concentration in ISC was 45–200 times that in ASC. Therefore, Pyr crosslinks that are formed between collagen molecules would have a close relationship to collagen solubility.     

Effects of ultrasonic treatment on collagen extraction from skins of the sea bass Lateolabrax japonicus

In this study we investigated the effects of ultrasonic wave treatment on the extraction yield of acid-soluble collagen from sea bass skins. Two extraction methods were compared: a 24 h acid treatment using 0.5 M acetic acid (1:200 sample/acid, w/v) and an extraction using ultrasonic treatment after the addition of a 0.5 M acetic acid solution. The results indicated that the extraction yield of collagen increased with the ultrasonic treatment, with the extraction rate increasing rapidly at higher amplitudes of ultrasonic treatment. The subunit compositions of the collagen extracted by ultrasonic treatment were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which revealed that the α1(α3), α2, and β chains of collagen were present early in the ultrasonic treatment. An unknown component, believed to be a product of collagen degradation induced by the ultrasonic treatment, was detected only after a longer treatment time. The component extracted by the ultrasonic treatment was determined to be collagen based on the finding that there were no changes in the main components of collagen, specifically, the α1(α3), α2, and β chains, following pepsin treatment.     

水产胶原蛋白的特性及应用研究进展

水产胶原蛋白是一种天然高分子物质,在水生动物体的皮、鳞、骨、韧带中含量较高,不仅来源广泛而且具有独特的结构和功能,其结构主要以Ⅰ型胶原蛋白为主.本文论述了水产胶原蛋白的理化特性及其应用现状,并对今后的研究方向与前景作了展望.     

Properties of scallop mantle collagen: its content,tissue distribution and thermal behavior

ABSTRACT:   To obtain fundamental information for the effective use of scallop Patinopecten yessoensis mantle, which is one of the underutilized marine resources. Some properties of collagen contained in the mantle were examined by chemical and histochemical techniques. Collagen content in the mantle varied annually, ranging from 0.98 to 1.72% of wet tissue, 7.7 to 12.6% of dry tissue and 13.5 to 26.5% of total protein, being relatively in high level of collagen content of invertebrate muscles. Collagen fiber was densely distributed in the inner connective tissue matrix of the mantle pallial, in contrast to the inner fold part which was rich in muscle fibers. The collagen contained in the crude collagen fraction (residue after alkali extraction), prepared from the mantle, was revealed to have considerably low solubility on hot-water extraction, constantly less than 20% of the total collagen at the temperatures in the range of 20–90°C.     

胶原蛋白部分替代鱼粉饲养异育银鲫的试验

进行了两个试验以评价水产饲料中胶原蛋白替代鱼粉的效果。生长试验是在基础饲料(对照组,含鱼粉12%)中分别以2%、4%胶原蛋白等重量替代鱼粉饲养平均体重6.5g的异育银鲫(共315尾)35d,各组鱼体增重率分别为71.3%,70.9%,71.9%,各组间没有显著差异(P>0.05);消化试验是采用平均体重110g的异育银鲫,按套算法测定了异育银鲫对胶原蛋白的蛋白质消化率为97.3%。研究结果表明,胶原蛋白具有很高的消化吸收率,可部分替代鱼粉而对异育银鲫的增重无影响。