人工海水对罗氏沼虾幼体生长发育及能量收支影响初探

通过自制人工海水培育罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)幼体,与天然海水对比分析人工海水特性及养殖过程中的水质状况,探究人工海水对罗氏沼虾幼体生长发育及能量收支的影响。试验在广西南宁国家级罗氏沼虾良种场进行,罗氏沼虾幼体和饵料丰年虫无节幼体均由该良种场提供,罗氏沼虾幼体规格(湿重)为(1.476±0.050)g,共80万尾;在幼体开始培育前配制人工海水1 000 kg,配比为海盐:MgSO_4∶CaCl_2∶KCl∶H_3B_3O_3∶KBr∶ETDA∶生石灰=2000∶600∶72∶36∶24∶4∶1∶2;设置天然海水为对照组,试验组及对照组分别设置4个重复。结果显示,人工海水中,Mg~(2+)∶K~+∶Ca~(2+)=3∶1∶1,与北部湾天然海水接近,且水质无毒性作用;与天然海水相比,人工海水培育的罗氏沼虾幼体成活率为95.00%,蜕皮率为16.82%,并提高了幼体的特定生长率和食物转化率,降低了摄食率;幼体在天然海水中生长和脱壳所用能量[(18.83±1.35)%和(0.99±0.16)%]分别显著低于人工海水[(19.64±0.51)%和(1.47±0.06)%](P0.05);而在呼吸、排泄和排粪上的能量比例无显著性差异。研究表明,自制的人工海水对罗氏沼虾幼体的生长发育、蜕皮具有促进作用。     

河蟹生态育苗过程中二次消毒与苗产量的关系

河蟹生态育苗技术经过几年的研究,已经初步成熟,有关学者对各种生态因子对蟹苗产量的影响进行了较多研究[1-3]。对于pH值的适宜范围,很多学者有针对性地作了不少研究,鱼类养殖的适宜pH一般为7~8.5,超过9以上无论是养成还是育苗,成功的机会均会大大降低[4]。房文红等只做过对虾溞状幼体与pH值的研究[5],认为饲养水的pH值增加会导致前期溞状幼体和后期幼体的存活率明显降低,但pH值对河蟹溞状幼体影响的报道甚少,本文通过探讨河蟹两次消毒和pH值及苗产量间的关系,以期为生产提供参考依据。1材料与方法1.1试验池试验池148口,每口2 hm2,但由于…     

水质对中华绒螯蟹人工育苗的影响

中华绒螯蟹 (Ｅｒｉｏｃｈｅｉｒｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ)又名河蟹 ,是长江水域中名贵的甲壳类动物 ,其鲜肉中蛋白质含量为 14 % ,脂肪含量为 5 9% ,碳水化合物含量为7% ,还有丰富的矿物质和维生素。随着河蟹养殖事业的发展 ,天然苗种资源已供不应求 ,因此工厂化育苗工作越来越受到重视。本文总结了水体中各种理化、生物因子对工厂化河蟹育苗产量和质量的影响。1　物理因子1 1　光照河蟹幼体具有趋光性。光照强弱对氵蚤状幼体(Ｚ)的成活率有很大关系 ,尤其当幼体到Ｚ4、Ｚ5期 ,幼体的趋光、聚群性更为强烈。光照有利于幼体的生长发育 ,但过强的光…     

亚硝酸盐和氨对河蟹氵蚤状幼体的毒性研究

研究了亚硝酸盐和氨对河蟹溲状幼体的毒性影响，并且推导出两种物质的半致死浓度（ＬＣ５０）和安全浓度（Ｃｓ）。     

亚硝酸盐和氨对河蟹氵蚤状幼体的毒性研究

研究了亚硝酸盐和氨对河蟹氵蚤状幼体的毒性影响，并且推导出两种物质的半致死浓度（ＬＣ５０）和安全浓度（Ｃｓ）。     

河蟹工厂化育苗供水供热增氧充气系统的设计

近年来，河蟹工厂化人工育苗是继对虾、贝类工厂化人工育苗之后，又一进入大规模生产阶段的全人工育苗。由于工厂化河蟹育苗与对虾、贝类的工厂化育苗在生产工艺流程上存在着差异，这样就对河蟹育苗工厂的供水设计提出了更新的要求。本文结合一万m‘水体（即河蟹育苗池总容水量）河蟹育苗工厂的生产实践．谈一下供水、供热、供气设计的特点及应注意的问题。1．海水供水系统设计1．l海水最大供水量确定河蟹幼体的发育主要经过蚤状幼体l～5期，到大眼幼体即可上市销售。幼体发育前期，一般不换水，从蚤状幼体第3期开始换水，换水量为地水的25…     

地下盐水处理后用于河蟹人工育苗的研究

在没有海水可以利用的地区，地下盐水经处理后可用于河蟹人工育苗。实验结果显示，育苗水体中钾离子严惩缺乏会导致河蟹I期sou状幼体的死亡。钙含量偏高，钙镁比失调的水质环境会影响各期sou状幼体的变态、成活和生长发育。     

河蟹育苗工厂化的进展

一、人工海水育蟹苗的进展 为在淡水地区解决河蟹苗源，我们组织了省、地、县、三结合的科研小组，在滁县水产试验场进行人工海水河蟹育苗的研究(小试在原乌衣渔场进行)，1974年孵出潘状幼体400万只，只有17只状幼体进入第一次蜕皮，2只淹状幼体进入第二次蜕皮；1975年由于人工海水配方的初步突破，育成蟹苗2000只，在塑料薄膜土池中最高单产每立方米海水达203只；     

甲壳动物幼体蜕皮的调控

甲壳动物生长发育总是与蜕皮联系在一起的 ,而其胚后发育具有一系列形态各异的幼体期 ,每一期幼体的形态和生理特点通过蜕皮而改变 ,或者通过蜕皮变态发育成为后期幼体或具有成体的形态。各期幼体的这种发育类型一般是与蜕皮周期相关的[1] ,蜕皮周期可分为蜕皮 (ｍｏｌｔ或ｅｃｄｙｓｉｓ)、蜕皮后 (ｐｏｓｔｍｏｌｔ或ｍｅｔｅｃｄｙｓｉｓ)、蜕皮间 (ｉｎｔｅｒｍｏｌｔ或ａｎｅｃｄｙｓｉｓ)和蜕皮前 (ｐｒｅｍｏｌｔ或ｐｒｏｅｃｄｙｓｉｓ) ;对于甲壳动物 ,根据Ｄｒａｃｈ和Ｔｃｈｅｒｎｉｇｏｖｔｚｅｆｆ[2 ] 的标准可把蜕皮周期进一…     

河蟹的天然海水人工育苗

河蟹系海水繁殖，淡水长成的经济甲壳动物，因其营养丰富和售价高，深受消费者和生产者青睐。基于河蟹天然苗种严重不足这一客观因素，众多的科研和生产单位一直致力于河蟹人工育苗技术研究和开发，70年代初，河蟹的天然海水育苗和人工配制海水育苗相继成功，进入90年代，河蟹的天然海水育菌技术在江浙一带得到大力推广和应用，为河蟹养殖业发展作出了重要贡献。1997年9月至1998年6月，笔者曾在江苏省启东市天份镇吕丰河蟹育苗场进行了为期9个月生产实践，共生产大眼幼体305．5kg，取得较好经济效益。l场地设施育苗场距黄海边500m。共有育苗…     

Atlantic Fisheries Technological Conference,Moncton, NB,August 21, 1995

No abstract available for this article.     

Anguilla huangi Teng, Lin, and Tzeng, 2009, is a junior synonym of Anguilla luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009

Anguilla luzonensis and A. huangi were each described in 2009 using eels obtained from northern Luzon Island. We examined the taxonomic status of these two groups of eels using morphological and molecular genetic characters. There were no significant differences in two vertebrae counts between eels of A. luzonensis and A. huangi. Mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome b genes sequences were obtained and compared among 28 specimens of A. luzonensis, the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi, and one specimen of the other 15 anguillid species. The specimens of A. luzonensis exhibited almost identical sequences, including the holotype, with only a few site differences, and the genetic difference between the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi was within the range of differences of specimens of A. luzonensis. The other anguillid species were genetically very different from A. luzonensis and A. huangi, although A. interioris is a closely related species. It is clear that A. luzonensis and A. huangi are the same species, and according to the principle of priority in zoological nomenclature, A. luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009 is the valid species name, and A. huangi Teng, Lin, and Tzeng, 2009 is a junior synonym of A. luzonensis.     

Age,growth, maturity and the overfishing of the iconic sciaenid,Argyrosomus japonicus,in south-eastern,Australia

Mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) occur in estuarine and coastal waters surrounding Australia, Africa, India, Pakistan, China, Korea and Japan, where they are important in fisheries. This study identified that mulloway in south-eastern Australia had similar growth rates, but matured at smaller lengths and younger ages, to those in South Africa and Western Australia. Growth of both sexes was similar to about 5 years, after which females grew faster and attained a greater maximum length than males. Female mulloway matured at 4–5 years of age with a L₅₀ of 68 cm, whereas males matured at 2–3 years of age with a L₅₀ of 51 cm. The commercial fishery in New South Wales was characterised by declining catches and a reduction in the proportion of mulloway of mature lengths in landings. During 2002–2005 commercial landings were dominated (83%) by fish within 15 cm of the current minimum legal total length of 45 cm and aged 2 and 3 years (>80%), even though mulloway can attain lengths of 200 cm and live >30 years. Estimates of the rates of instantaneous total mortality ranged between 0.34 and 0.45, whilst the rate of instantaneous natural mortality (M) was estimated to be approximately 0.12. Yield-per-recruit analyses indicated that mulloway in New South Wales are being growth overfished and substantial increases in yield could be achieved by increasing the length at first harvest. Values of the spawning potential ratio were below 0.2 under a range of mortality estimates, suggesting that mulloway are at risk of recruitment overfishing. These results suggest that the spawning stock of mulloway in south-eastern Australia has been depleted and that remedial management action is required to protect this iconic species.     

Surface disinfection of Pacific threadfin, Polydactylus sexfilis, and amberjack, Seriola rivoliana, eggs

The effects of exposing the eggs of Pacific threadfin and amberjack eggs (AEs) to different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide for 5 min on hatch rate and survival were assessed in a series of experiments using a petri dish model rearing system. Despite significant inter‐batch variation in hatch rate, it was shown that eggs of both species could be safely exposed to up to 11 340 mg L⁻¹ H₂O₂ for 5 min. Exposure to 34 230 mg L⁻¹ H₂O₂ for 5 min was shown to be lethal to AEs at a late stage of development. In two further experiments, it was demonstrated that Pacific threadfin eggs were resistant to all tested concentrations of a range of polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (PVP‐I) concentrations and contact times (up to 1000 mg L⁻¹ PVP‐I for 10 min). The level of bacteria adhering to the eggs of both species was highly variable. Where eggs were heavily colonized (>10⁴ cfu egg⁻¹), hydrogen peroxide concentrations of at least 11 340 mg L⁻¹, or PVP‐I concentrations higher than 500 mg L⁻¹ for 10 min, were required for effective sterilization. In less colonized batches, rinsing in sterile seawater or exposure to lower (550 mg L⁻¹) concentrations of H₂O₂ was sufficient to result in high apparent levels of surface sterility (<1 cfu egg⁻¹).     

Effects of Mosquitofish,Gambusia affinis,on Channel Catfish,Ictalurus puncatatus,Production Ponds

Mosquitofish, Gambusia sp., have been spread throughout the world to biologically control mosquitoes. However, the fish has gained a reputation as an invasive species and has been implicated in displacing native aquatic species. Gambusia affinis are native to the southeastern United States and commonly occur in commercial channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, production ponds. We investigated effects of mosquitofish presence on zooplankton populations, water quality, disease occurrence, and fish production in experimental ponds. There were no differences between ponds with or without mosquitofish in numbers of calanoid copepods, cyclopoid copepods, total copepods, Bosmina sp., Ceriodaphnia sp., Moina sp., Daphnia sp., or total cladocerans. There were also no differences in copepod and cladoceran sizes. Copepod nauplii were more numerous during the summer months in ponds with mosquitofish. There were no differences in water quality variables (soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH) or phytoplankton density between ponds stocked with and without mosquitofish. Catfish production and disease occurrence were also similar between ponds with and without mosquitofish. Although mosquitofish may cause problems when stocked outside their native range, there does not appear to be any adverse effects of mosquitofish presence in catfish production ponds.     

Compositional differences,antioxidant activity,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition,and sensory characteristics of kamaboko fermented in wheat,rice, brown rice,and soybean koji

Fisheries Science - Fermentation of kamaboko in koji with wheat (KW), rice (KR), brown rice (KB), or soybean (KS) was performed by simulation of tofuyo processing. Moisture and protein content...     

Sperm Motilities in Waigieu Seaperch,Psammoperca waigiensis: Effects of Various Dilutions,pH, Temperature,Osmolality, and Cations

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of varying dilutions, pH, temperature, osmolality, and cations on sperm motility parameters in waigieu seaperch, Psammoperca waigiensis. The maximum velocity of average in path (VAP), percentage of motile cells (MOT), and duration of sperm motility (DSM) were observed when semen was diluted in artificial seawater (ASW) at a ratio of 1:100 (144.9 ± 0.6 µm/sec, 95.6 ± 0.4%, and 230.3 ± 2.3 sec, respectively), at 30 C (142.0 ± 0.6 µm/sec, 93.6 ± 0.4%, and 238.3 ± 0.9 sec, respectively), and pH 8 (144.8 ± 0.6 µm/sec, 93.3 ± 0.4%, and 234.0 ± 1.5 sec, respectively). Maximum VAP, MOT, and DSM were obtained in each solution containing 0.6 M NaCl (143.8 ± 1.0 µm/sec, 91.3 ± 2.0%, and 230.6 ± 4.2 sec, respectively), 0.6 M KCl (135.1 ± 3.1 µm/sec, 91.1 ± 3.1%, and 230.3 ± 3.7sec, respectively), 0.2M CaCl₂ (105.3 ± 4.7μm/sec, 47.9 ± 2.7%, and 120.7 ± 1.3 sec, respectively), 0.2 M MgCl₂ (107.3 ± 3.0 m/s, 42.1 ± 3.3%, and 120.3 ± 4.8 sec, respectively), and osmolality of 400 mOsm/kg (145.1 ± 2.5 µm/sec, 93.0 ± 2.1%, and 346.5 ± 4.4s, respectively). We used these mediums as artificial insemination media for fertilizing matured eggs. The results showed that the fertilization and hatching rates in 0.6 M NaCl (75.3 ± 0.6% and 57.0 ± 2.4%, respectively), ASW (70.8 ± 1.2% and 51.2 ± 1.8%, respectively), or 400 mOsm/kg (72.9 ± 1.8% and 55.3 ± 1.6%, respectively) were higher than that in seawater (63.9 ± 1.2% and 39.2 ± 3.9%, respectively). In conclusion, using 0.6 M NaCl, ASW, or 400 mOsm/kg as an artificial insemination medium is effective for fertilizing of waigieu seaperch.     

驼背鲈(Chromileptes altivelis)的胚胎发育及仔、稚、幼鱼形态观察

对驼背鲈(Chromileptes altivelis)的胚胎发育及仔、稚、幼鱼的形态特征进行了详细的观察与研究,描述了从受精卵到仔、稚、幼鱼各发育期的时间和形态特征变化。结果表明,在水温25-26℃、盐度30的海水中,受精卵历时27 h 25 min完成整个胚胎发育过程,经历从卵裂、囊胚、原肠、神经胚到肌节形成、各器官的逐渐形成、变化、完善等一系列的胚胎发育和变化过程;根据其卵黄囊消长情况、鳞片的覆盖状态、体色发生的不同变化以及第二背鳍和腹鳍的消长,将胚后发育分为仔、稚、幼鱼3个阶段。在水温22-26℃、盐度29-31、DO≥5 mg/L的条件下,2-3 d仔鱼卵黄囊消失,开口摄食;生长发育至31 d,仔鱼已变态进入稚鱼期;培育至57 d,稚鱼完成变态,成为幼鱼。第二背鳍棘和腹鳍棘的生长与收缩等石斑鱼类早期发育的共性生长特征及其体表特性体色变化特征为驼背鲈胚后发育过程中最明显的特征。