粤西地区渔业捕捞可持续发展的指标体系分析

渔业捕捞的可持续发展,是我国海洋渔业发展的必然之路。粤西作为传统的渔业捕捞区域,其捕捞业的科学化、合理化、集约化发展,有利于推进整个中国海洋渔业的可持续发展。本文运用层次分析法(AHP法)对粤西地区渔业捕捞的可持续发展进行体系构建,并根据层次分析权重来考察渔业捕捞的可持续发展的得分情况。     

中美两国海洋渔业限额捕捞管理研究探析

当前,由于过度捕捞导致的渔获物资源衰竭问题,严重影响了我国捕捞渔业可持续发展的进程。为保护我国渔业资源,维持渔业资源可持续发展,本文对中美两国渔业实施限额捕捞管理制度的发展历程进行梳理研究,介绍中美两国渔业限额捕捞制度发展状况及主要特点,通过对比分析,为进一步完善我国限额捕捞制度提供参考借鉴。     

21世纪初南海区捕捞渔业可持续发展趋势

南海区海洋捕捞渔业发展迅猛，拖网捕辊南海渔业的主要渔法。但是，近年下南海捕捞渔业的渔获率和渔获质量日趋下降，捕捞渔业前景并不乐观。本文从渔业资源、捕捞努力量、渔具渔法、捕捞产量等方面叙述了南海区海洋捕捞渔业的现状，预测了21世纪初南海捕捞渔业的发展趋势，并提出实现南海渔业可持续发展的实施条件和保障措施。     

我国海洋捕捞业可持续发展的问题与对策

可持续发展是指既满足当代人的需要又不危害后代人满足其自身需要的发展,是既实现发展的目标,又实现人类赖以生存的自然资源与环境和谐,使子孙后代能安居乐业,得以永续的发展。捕捞业可持续发展的原则和依据是强调海洋资源环境与海洋捕捞的协调发展,追求人与自然的和谐,特别关注海洋捕捞活动的生态合理性,也即是捕捞的科学性。这是传统战略所造成的捕捞与资源之间矛盾冲突的严重教训之后的必然选择,无疑也是海洋捕捞业发展的自身需要。而目前制约海洋捕捞业可持续发展的主要因素体现在以下几个方面,笔者对此提出了一些个人意见,以探讨改善对…     

信息集粹

●继续严控渔船数量增长实现捕捞业可持续发展农业部渔业局副局长柳正日前说,在保持产业发展和渔民生产生活稳定的基础上,我国渔业生产要合理布局生产能力,严格控制捕捞渔船增长,降低捕捞强度,通过采取综合措施,疏堵结合,实现捕捞业健康可持续发展。     

南海渔业资源可持续发展所面临的问题及对策

南海渔业资源丰富,可持续开发和利用南海不仅是我国渔业面临的现实选择,更是国家发展的战略需要。改革开放以后,南海渔业得到了迅速发展,但同时也存在着捕捞能力过剩、捕捞作业结构不合理、海洋环境污染严重、远海渔业资源利用不足等诸多问题。南海渔业资源可持续发展不仅需要加大对近海生态环境的保护,加强渔业立法执法力度,整合捕捞力量,引导开发远海资源,同时还需要加大渔业资源增殖放流、加大科技投入。     

我国近海捕捞渔业发展现状、问题与对策研究

近海渔业资源衰退及海洋生态环境恶化日趋严重已引起社会各方面广泛关注,控制近海捕捞强度,科学养护渔业资源与生态环境成为重要发展方向。本文分析了近海捕捞渔业发展现状与存在问题,梳理了渔业发达国家或国际组织主要管理制度措施及对我国的启示,在此基础上,从完善法律法规、加强渔船渔具管理监督及优化渔业支持政策创设等方面,提出促进近海捕捞渔业可持续发展的相关建议。     

稳步推进天津市渔民转产转业工作

海洋渔业是我国沿海地区的重要产业,但由于多年来捕捞强度过度增长,海洋渔业资源尤其是近海渔业资源不断衰退,严重影响了海洋渔业和沿海渔区经济的可持续发展;加上中日、中韩渔业协定相继生效,我国近海渔业捕捞产量将大幅度下降,部分近海渔民面临转产转业的现实问题。为进一步保护海洋渔业资源和生态环境,实现渔业可持续发展,根据《中华人民共和国渔业法》有关规定,农业部部署制订了《关于2003-2010年海洋捕捞渔船控制制度实施意见》,通过压减捕捞渔船船数和功率数,达到初步控制我国海洋捕捞强度盲目增长和资源过度利用,逐步实现海洋捕捞强…     

专家访谈:实施水生动物防疫检疫,保障水产养殖健康发展——访广东省水产养殖病害防治中心副主任彭华林研究员

本刊记者:科学发展观的核心内容是可持续发展,水生动物防疫检疫工作对水产养殖业可持续发展有什么意义? 彭华林:过去,水产品的获取主要是依靠海洋捕捞和江河捕捞.     

海洋渔业捕捞优化模型及其可持续发展策略研究

基于经典的Logistic鱼群生长模型，解析海洋渔业渔场等捕捞强度优化问题，建立了最佳捕捞开始时间、最佳鱼群保有量、最佳捕捞强度和最佳捕捞投入的数学模型。在此基础上，研究了海洋渔业可持续发展策略。研究结果表明，捕捞船队的最佳投入与鱼群内在增长速率成正比，与捕捞系数成反比；渔场最佳的渔业资源量为渔场最大养殖能力的二分之一；渔场的最佳捕捞强度与渔场最大养殖能力和鱼群内在增长速率的乘积成正比。     

海洋渔业数据仓库的研究与实现

数据仓库技术作为数据库技术应用的新型手段,是海洋渔业数据集成、实现业务化管理的良好的解决方案。根据海洋渔业的特点,本文提出了构建海洋渔业数据仓库的策略、基本框架,探讨了在海洋环境数据仓库建设过程中数据集市模型设计、建立数据准备区、数据规划和数据提取等四个关键问题,用SQL Server初步建成了海洋渔业数据仓库。     

福建省海洋渔业经济科学发展的思路

本文分析了近年来福建省海洋渔业经济持续发展及海洋渔业产业结构变化的发展现状，指出在海洋渔业经济发展中，存在海洋渔业资源的衰退局面还未得到有效遏止和海水养殖业发展中存在制约因素等问题，提出大力发展高科技集约化海水鱼类养殖、实施海洋捕捞业从“量增长”转为“质增长”战略、实施“走出去”稳步扩大远洋渔业规模战略、发展休闲渔业开创渔区经济新的增长点等解决问题的对策及科学发展的思路。     

威海市海洋休闲渔业的SWOT分析及发展对策

对威海市发展海洋休闲渔业的优势、劣势、机会与挑战进行了分析,威海应立足优美的自然环境、丰富的海洋旅游资源,抢抓国家海洋战略实施的机遇,优化海洋渔业产业结构调整,满足大众消费需求,发展海洋休闲渔业。通过加大宣传力度,来提升海洋休闲渔业的知名度;统筹规划整合现有的海洋旅游、渔业资源,加大资金投入,加强人才培养,来实现海洋休闲渔业可持续发展。     

海洋遥感技术在海洋渔业及相关领域的应用与研究

自20世纪70年代始,科研人员将遥感技术应用于海洋渔业及其相关领域的研究,将各类卫星遥感所获得的数据对海洋水温、海流、光、盐度、溶解氧、气象因素、水深、海底地形、饵料生物等进行了由定性到定量的分析,并将所得结果用于指导渔业生产、促进渔业研究、预警海洋灾害等方面,所起作用非传统调查方法能为。因此,遥感技术在海洋渔业及其相关领域正在发挥着越来越大的作用,并预示着广阔的应用前景和巨大的应用潜力。本文综述了遥感技术在海洋生态系统相关要素和渔场变动、大型动植物分布、海况监测、海洋生态污染及灾害监测等方面应用与研究进展,并对海洋遥感信息在我国海洋渔业领域的应用研究前景进行了分析。     

卫星遥感在海洋监测中的应用

卫星遥感具有覆盖面积大、快速、全天时和全天候的工作能力。通过对卫星遥感所获得的海洋水温、水深、气象因素等数据进行分析,可以用于指导渔业生产、海洋灾害预警、海洋生态污染及灾害的监测,有着广泛的应用前景。     

试论我国海洋渔业资源的适宜捕捞力量

<正> 海洋捕捞渔船机动化,网具、渔捞技术革新,助渔导航设备改善,以及改革开放后市场观念和水产品价格提高,极大地刺激着我国海洋捕捞力量迅猛发展。但是,投产渔船的日益增加,给我国海洋渔业资源带来了沉重的压力,已远远超过资源本身所能承受的能力,使我国大多数传统渔业资源处于过度利用状态,单位捕捞努力产量下降,渔获     

Masked,diluted and drowned out: how global seafood trade weakens signals from marine ecosystems

Nearly 40% of seafood is traded internationally and an even bigger proportion is affected by international trade, yet scholarship on marine fisheries has focused on global trends in stocks and catches, or on dynamics of individual fisheries, with limited attention to the link between individual fisheries, global trade and distant consumers. This paper examines the usefulness of fish price as a feedback signal to consumers about the state of fisheries and marine ecosystems. We suggest that the current nature of fisheries systems and global markets prevent transmission of such price signals from source fisheries to consumers. We propose several mechanisms that combine to weaken price signals, and present one example – the North Sea cod – to show how these mechanisms can be tested. The lack of a reliable price feedback to consumers represents a challenge for sustainable fisheries governance. We therefore propose three complimentary approaches to address the missing feedback: (i) strengthening information flow through improved traceability and visibility of individual fishers to consumers, (ii) capitalizing on the changing seafood trade structures and (iii) bypassing and complementing market mechanisms by directly targeting citizens and political actors regarding marine environmental issues through publicity and information campaigns. These strategies each have limitations and thus need to be pursued together to address the challenge of sustainability in global marine fisheries.     

Fishing impacts and the degradation or loss of habitat structure

The wider effects of fishing on marine ecosystems have become the focus of growing concern among scientists, fisheries managers and the fishing industry. The present review examines the role of habitat structure and habitat heterogeneity in marine ecosystems, and the effects of fishing (i.e. trawling and dredging) on these two components of habitat complexity. Three examples from New Zealand and Australia are considered, where available evidence suggests that fishing has been associated with the degradation or loss of habitat structure through the removal of large epibenthic organisms, with concomitant effects on fish species which occupy these habitats. With ever-increasing demands on fish-stocks and the need for sustainable use of fisheries resources, new approaches to fisheries management are needed. Fisheries management needs to address the sustainability of fish-stocks while minimizing the direct and indirect impacts of fishing on other components of the ecosystem. Two long-term management tools for mitigating degradation or loss of habitat structure while maintaining healthy sustainable fisheries which are increasingly considered by fisheries scientists and managers are: (1) protective habitat management, which involves the designation of protected marine and coastal areas which are afforded some level of protection from fishing; and (2) habitat restoration, whereby important habitat and ecological functions are restored following the loss of habitat and/or resources. Nevertheless, the protection of marine and coastal areas, and habitat restoration should not be seen as solutions replacing conventional management approaches, but need to be components of an integrated programme of coastal zone and fisheries management. A number of recent international fisheries agreements have specifically identified the need to provide for habitat protection and restoration to ensure long-term sustainability of fisheries. The protection and restoration of habitat are also common components of fisheries management programs under national fisheries law and policy.     

Impact of the 2014–2016 marine heatwave on US and Canada West Coast fisheries: Surprises and lessons from key case studies

Marine heatwaves are increasingly affecting marine ecosystems, with cascading impacts on coastal economies, communities, and food systems. Studies of heatwaves provide crucial insights into potential ecosystem shifts under future climate change and put fisheries social-ecological systems through “stress tests” that expose both vulnerabilities and resilience. The 2014–16 Northeast Pacific heatwave was the strongest and longest marine heatwave on record and resulted in profound ecological changes that impacted fisheries, fisheries management, and human livelihoods. Here, we synthesize the impacts of the 2014–2016 marine heatwave on US and Canada West Coast fisheries and extract key lessons for preparing global fisheries science, management, and industries for the future. We set the stage with a brief review of the impacts of the heatwave on marine ecosystems and the first systematic analysis of the economic impacts of these changes on commercial and recreational fisheries. We then examine ten key case studies that provide instructive examples of the complex and surprising challenges that heatwaves pose to fisheries social-ecological systems. These reveal important insights into improving the resilience of monitoring and management and increasing adaptive capacity to future stressors. Key recommendations include: (1) expanding monitoring to enhance mechanistic understanding, provide early warning signals, and improve predictions of impacts; (2) increasing the flexibility, adaptiveness, and inclusiveness of management where possible; (3) using simulation testing to help guide management decisions; and (4) enhancing the adaptive capacity of fishing communities by promoting engagement, flexibility, experimentation, and failsafes. These advancements are important as global fisheries prepare for a changing ocean.     

Characterizing state-managed and unmanaged fisheries in coastal marine states and territories of the United States

The status of federally managed fisheries in the United States is well monitored, but the condition of other marine fisheries, whether state-managed, territory-managed or unmanaged, is less understood and often unknown. We used expert surveys to characterize the management systems of non-federally managed fisheries in US coastal marine states and overseas territories. For 311 fisheries, we estimated an overall Fisheries Management Index (FMI) and a qualitative stock status score. These measures were positively correlated, and while a wide range of research, management, enforcement and socioeconomic criteria were partially met (FMI ≥ 0.5) for 66% of fisheries, stock status was considered as partially acceptable (score ≥ 0.5) for only 45% of fisheries and acceptable (score = 1) for only 16% of fisheries. Higher FMI was typically observed in fisheries with greater commercial landed weight, value, or greater recreational catches. Fisheries from continental states had higher FMI than those from overseas territories. Invertebrates and diadromous fish species had higher FMI on average compared to those of marine fishes. Extrapolating results for surveyed fisheries to nearly 2000 non-federally managed US fisheries while stratifying by state and importance designation (based on commercial, recreational, cultural or ecological importance), we estimate a mean overall FMI of 0.48, and estimate that only 19% of fisheries have a reliable estimate of stock status available; both measures are lower than similar estimates for federally managed fisheries. Funding or capacity constraints and information or data limitations were identified as common challenges faced by state agencies in managing fisheries under their jurisdiction.