鸭绿江下游渔业水质现状评价

鸭绿江下游是辽宁省的重要渔业水域,为更好地掌握这一资源丰富的水域水质现状,于2002—2006年进行了长达5年的采样调查。调查结果表明,鸭绿江下游江段符合渔业水质标准,尤其是马市以上江段水质基本达到地表水环境质量标准Ⅱ类;主要污染物为石油类、高锰酸钾指数。     

野生花羔红点鲑人工繁育试验

花羔红点鲑(Salvelinus malma Walbaum)地方名花里羔子,又名多丽鲑,属鲑科、红点鲑属,在中国淡水鱼类区系分类中属北极淡水类群,是一群中小型陆封冷水性稀有鱼类,已被列入《中国东北地区珍稀濒危动物志》,是吉林鸭绿江上游国家级自然保护区重点保护的五种冷水鱼类(细鳞鱼、石川氏哲罗鱼、鸭绿江茴鱼、东北七鳃鳗、花羔红点鲑)之一,目前资源已近枯竭,亟待加以繁育和保护。吉林鸭绿江上游国家级自然保护区管理局为了挽救花     

鸭绿江下游浮游植物群落结构与环境因子的关系*

为了探究鸭绿江下游浮游植物群落的演替规律及与环境因子的关系,2012-2016年每年的春季(4月枯水期)和秋季(9月丰水期)进行2次采样调查。根据鸭绿江下游的环境特点,遵循采样点具有代表性的原则,以鸭绿江下游的宽甸县河口村为起点,以丹东市振兴区浪头镇为终点,共设7个采样点,对鸭绿江下游连续5年进行了浮游植物群落结构及水体理化因子的监测。结果表明,鸭绿江下游共鉴定出浮游植物77种,分属于7门47属,其中硅藻门30种,绿藻门28种,裸藻门6种,甲藻门3种,金藻门2种,隐藻门1种,群落组成以硅藻和绿藻为主。主要优势种有梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana)、颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulata)、克罗顿脆杆藻(Fragilaria crotonensis)、辐射圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus radiatus)和美丽星杆藻(Asterionella formosa)。浮游植物生物量从上游至下游逐渐升高,2012-2014年的年际生物量较高,从2015年开始生物量骤减。影响浮游植物生物量最主要的环境因子是水温、透明度和总氮,生物量与水温、总氮呈极显著正相关(P0.01),与透明度呈显著负相关(P0.05)。     

金沙江下游与长江上游珍稀、特有鱼类国家级自然保护区鱼类物种多样性比较

为探讨长江上游珍稀、特有鱼类国家级自然保护区对金沙江下游现有鱼类资源可能发挥的替代生境保护作用,在对金沙江下游鱼类进行多次实地采样调查基础上,结合历史文献记载,梳理了金沙江下游的鱼类名录,并与“保护区”内的鱼类物种多样性进行了对比。结果表明,分布于金沙江下游的鱼类共有194种,其中土著鱼类162种,隶属于5目15科79属;分布于“保护区”内的鱼类197种,其中土著鱼类187种,隶属于6目21科94属。进一步分析显示,既见于金沙江下游又见于“保护区”的土著鱼类129种,反映出两者在鱼类种类组成上有较大的相似性;“保护区”内未能包括的仅见于金沙江下游的鱼类多为金沙江下游支流或附属高原湖泊中生活的种类,“保护区”在一定程度上可以发挥金沙江下游替代生境的作用。     

细鳞鱼人工繁育试验

细鳞鱼又名细鳞鲑、秦岭细鳞鲑,属鲑形目、鲑科、细鳞鱼属,是冷水性的稀有珍贵鱼类,在中国淡水鱼类区系分类中属北方山地类群.1988年被国务院批准列入《国家重点保护野生动物名录》,保护级别Ⅱ级,是吉林鸭绿江上游国家级自然保护区重点保护的五种冷水性鱼类(细鳞鱼、石川氏哲罗鱼、鸭绿江茴鱼、东北七鳃鳗、花羔红点鲑)之一.目前已濒临灭绝,亟待采取措施加以增殖与保护.     

鸭绿江斑鳜南移人工繁育技术

斑鳜（Siniperca Schezeri Steindacher）隶属于鲈形目,脂科鱼类,头部有黑色的小圆斑,体侧有较多不规则的黑斑,有的周缘镶白或黄色环,体褐黄色乃至灰褐色，腹部黄白。鸭绿江斑鳜是鸭绿江流域特有的优质品种，终生以活鱼活虾为食，     

2014年海昌奖获奖者先进事迹(七)

李壮(奉献奖) 李壮,1980年生,中共党员,本科学历,2004年从大连海洋大学水产养殖专业毕业后,来到吉林鸭绿江上游国家级自然保护区,从事国家二级保护珍稀水生动物—细鳞鱼及鸭绿江上游珍稀鱼类—花羔红点鲑、鸭绿江茴鱼、东北七鳃鳗等的救护、人工繁育、增殖放流、资源养护等工作.     

雅砻江下游鱼类资源调查及保护措施

分别于2007年4-5月和2008年4-5月对雅砻江下游鱼类资源现状进行了调查,共设置采样点9个,采集鱼类54种,另收集鱼类21种,共隶属于7目19科。调查结果表明,雅砻江下游水域生态环境的变化导致鱼类物种组成、种群结构发生了变化,珍稀鱼类数量急剧减少。与历史资料相比,鱼类种类数量从98种下降到75种。另外,渔获物分析结果表明,雅砻江下游鱼类资源呈现低龄化、小型化的趋势。雅砻江下游珍稀保护鱼类长薄鳅、细鳞裂腹鱼、鲈鲤和四川华吸鳅在调查区域内的分布范围有显著差异。     

雅砻江下游鱼类资源调查及保护措施

分别于2007年4-5月和2008年4-5月对雅砻江下游鱼类资源现状进行了调查,共设置采样点9个,采集鱼类54种,另收集鱼类21种,共隶属于7目19科。调查结果表明,雅砻江下游水域生态环境的变化导致鱼类物种组成、种群结构发生了变化,珍稀鱼类数量急剧减少。与历史资料相比,鱼类种类数量从98种下降到75种。另外,渔获物分析结果表明,雅砻江下游鱼类资源呈现低龄化、小型化的趋势。雅砻江下游珍稀保护鱼类长薄鳅、细鳞裂腹鱼、鲈鲤和四川华吸鳅在调查区域内的分布范围有显著差异。     

鸭绿江等河流鱼体残毒调查报告

鸭绿江等河流鱼体残毒调查报告石俊艳，于伟君，刘中，王丹，姚福相，宣明春，王晓光（辽宁省淡水水产研究所，辽阳１１１０００）鸭绿江、双台子河、太子河、三岔河等是辽宁省的几条主要河流，这些河流内集中了多种淡水、海水和溯河性鱼类，历史上水产品产量十分可观。近...     

我国渔业水域环境保护面临的问题与对策探讨

本文简要介绍了我国渔业水域环境监测体系的状况；分析了我国业水域环境保护面临的问题，如渔业水域环境损害严重，渔业水域的监督管理分散和渔业水域环境保护法规不完善；介绍了国外在渔业水域环境控制方面的经验，就如何解决我国渔业水域环境保护存在的问题，本文从建立集中的海洋环境监督,完善渔业水域环境保护的法律法规，健全渔业水域环境监测网络及加强水污染监测治理的科学技术研究等方面提出了一些建议。     

Protein and amino acid composition from the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris exposed to prolonged starvation

Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg^?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg^?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg^?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.     

美人鱼发光杆菌对凡纳滨对虾非特异性 免疫功能及抗病力的影响

在基础饲料中分别添加0.1%和1%美人鱼发光杆菌灭活菌、0.1%美人鱼发光杆菌活菌配制成3种免疫实验饲料,以基础饲料为空白对照组饲料,每组设3个平行样。对个体质量为(4.83±0.36)g的凡纳滨对虾进行为期20 d的饲养实验,分别在0、5、10、15和20d进行取样,以血清中的酚氧化酶(PO)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和溶菌酶(UL)活性为免疫指标,探讨了美人鱼发光杆菌作为免疫制剂对凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫效应的影响;在投喂免疫饲料后的第22天,按0.004 2 kg/kg体重的剂量,直接投喂对虾白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)病料,并记录累积死亡率。结果表明,美人鱼发光杆菌免疫实验组对凡纳滨对虾血清中PO、ACP、AKP、UL和SOD活性影响明显高于对照组,并且在饲料中添加美人鱼发光杆菌后,明显提高了对虾抵御WSSV感染的能力。其中0.1%美人鱼发光杆菌活菌实验组的抗病毒感染能力最强,WSSV感染14d内累计死亡率为63.3%±5.8%;而对照组为96.7%±3.3%。研究表明,美人鱼发光杆菌添加在对虾饲料中能提高凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫水平,增强抵抗疾病的能力,将其作为对虾免疫增强剂具有良好的应用前景。     

Effects of Spirulina platensis as a feed additive on growth and coloration of blue dolphin cichlids (Cyrtocara moorii Boulunger, 1902)

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of replacing fish meal with dietary Spirulina as a feed supplement on the growth performance and coloration of blue dolphin cichlids (Cyrtocara moorii). Five isonitrogenous (47% crude protein) and isocaloric (17.36 kJ/g digestible energy) diets were for formulated to replace FM with 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% Spirulina (designated as Control, SP5, SP10, SP15 and SP20 respectively) and fed to the fish (initial body weight, 3.15 ± 0.01 g). Fish were randomly distributed into fifteen 120 L aquariums (26.5 ± 1.00°C), 15 fish per aquarium. The diets were tested in triplicate for 12 weeks. Experimental groups were fed twice daily (09:00 and 17:00) by hand to satiation. At the end of the feeding trial, significantly (p < 0.05) higher weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) were observed in fish fed the SP10 diet when compared to the SP20 diet. There was no significant difference in these parameters between the other groups. The skin coloration of blue dolphin cichlid fed a diet containing Spirulina meal was enhanced. The best coloration was observed in the SP15 group. These impressions were objectively validated by chemical determinations of carotenoids extracted from fish skins and passed statistical tests of significance. The study findings show that Spirulina meal does not diminish growth rates except at very high levels.     

Sea bream culture in Egypt; status, constraints and potential

Marine fish farming in Egypt began in 1976 with the culture of gilthead sea bream, (Sparus aurata) as this fish was notably adaptable to brackish and marine pond conditions. Today, marine fish and shrimp farms amount to about 19,000 ha, out of which 42% is already in production while the rest, i.e., 58% is still under construction. In 1997, cultured gilthead sea bream production of 2,250 tons made up 3% of the 75,000 tons total aquaculture catch. In polyculture, usually with the grey mullet and sea bass, gilthead sea bream contributed 440 kg ha^–1 to the total yield of 1,700 kg ha^–1 (26%) over a period of 16 months. For the same period, the yield of monoculture ponds averaged 100 kg ha^–1, while in marine cages, yields ranged from 4–10 kg m³. In 1996–1997, fry of 0.25–1 g and fingerlings 1–10 g with a total of 3 million, were collected from the wild and 1 million fry were produced in the three marine hatcheries out of the four existing ones. The development of sea bream culture in Egypt is now severely inhibited by the shortage of seeds and adequate feeds. Exports of both sea bream and sea bass, during 1994–1996 averaged 1,300 tons per year.     

Dietary thiamin and pyridoxine requirements of fingerling Indian major carp,Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton)

Two experiments were conducted to quantify the dietary thiamin (experiment I) and pyridoxine (experiment II) requirements of fingerling Cirrhinus mrigala for 16 weeks. In experiment I, dietary thiamin requirement was determined by feeding seven casein–gelatin‐based diets (400 g kg^?1 CP; 18.69 kJ g^?1 GE) with graded levels of thiamin (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 mg kg^?1 diet) to triplicate groups of fish (6.15 ± 0.37 cm; 1.89 ± 0.12 g). Fish fed diet with 2 mg kg^?1 thiamin had highest specific growth rate (SGR), protein retention (PR), RNA/DNA ratio, haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Hct), RBCs and best feed conversion ratio (FCR). However, highest liver thiamin concentration was recorded in fish fed 4 mg thiamin kg^?1 diet. Broken‐line analysis of SGR, PR and liver thiamin concentrations exhibited the thiamin requirement in the range of 1.79–3.34 mg kg^?1 diet (0.096–0.179 μg thiamin kJ^?1 gross energy). In experiment II, six casein–gelatin‐based diets (400 g kg^?1 CP; 18.69 kJ g^?1 GE) containing graded levels of pyridoxine (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mg kg^?1 diet) were fed to triplicate groups of fish (6.35 ± 0.37 cm; 1.97 ± 0.12 g). Fish fed diet containing 6 mg kg^?1 pyridoxine showed best SGR, FCR, PR, RNA/DNA ratio, Hb, Hct and RBCs, whereas maximum liver pyridoxine concentration was recorded in fish fed 8 mg kg^?1 dietary pyridoxine. Broken‐line analysis of SGR, PR and liver pyridoxine concentrations reflected the pyridoxine requirement from 5.63 to 8.61 mg kg^?1 diet. Data generated during this study would be useful in formulating thiamin‐ and pyridoxine‐balanced feeds for the intensive culture of this fish.     

A Minchinia mercenariae‐like parasite infects cockles Cerastoderma edule in Galicia (NW Spain)

The cockle Cerastoderma edule fishery has traditionally been the most important shellfish species in terms of biomass in Galicia (NW Spain). In the course of a survey of the histopathological conditions affecting this species in the Ria of Arousa, a haplosporidan parasite that had not been observed in Galicia was detected in one of the most productive cockle beds of Galicia. Uni‐ and binucleate cells and multinucleate plasmodia were observed in the connective tissue mainly in the digestive area, gills and gonad. The parasite showed low prevalence, and it was not associated with abnormal cockle mortality. Molecular identification showed that this parasite was closely related to the haplosporidan Minchinia mercenariae that had been reported infecting hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria from the Atlantic coast of the United States. The molecular characterization of its SSU rDNA region allowed obtaining a fragment of 1,796 bp showing 98% homology with M. mercenariae parasite. Phylogenetic analysis supported this identification as this parasite was clustered in the same clade as M. mercenariae from the United States and other M. mercenariae‐like sequences from the UK, with bootstrap value of 99%. The occurrence of M. mercenariae‐like parasites infecting molluscs outside the United States is confirmed.     

A novel approach to denitrification processes in a zero-discharge recirculating system for small-scale urban aquaculture

This paper presents an innovative process to solve the nitrate build-up problem in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). The novel aspects of the process lie in a denitrification bioreactor system that uses solid cotton wool as the primary carbon source and a unique degassing chamber. In the latter, the water is physically stripped of dissolved gaseous O₂ (by means of a Venturi vacuum tube), and the subsequent denitrification becomes more efficient due to elimination of the problems of oxygen inhibition of denitrification and aerobic consumption of cotton wool. The cotton wool medium also serves as a physical barrier that traps organic particles, which, in turn, act as an additional carbon source for denitrification. Operation in the proposed system gives an extremely low C/N ratio of 0.82 g of cotton wool/g of nitrate N, which contributes to a significant reduction of biofilter volume. The additional advantage of using solid cotton wool as the carbon source is that it does not release organic residuals into the liquid to be recycled. Operation of the system over a long period consistently produced effluents with low nitrate levels (below 10 mg N/l), and there was only a very small need to replace system water. The overall treatment scheme, also incorporating an aerobic nitrification biofilter and a granular filtration device, produced water of excellent quality, i.e., with near-zero levels of nitrite and ammonia, a sufficiently high pH for aquaculture, and low turbidity. The proposed system thus provides a solution for sustainable small-scale, urban aquaculture operation with a very high recovery of water (over 99%) and minimal waste disposal.     

Fertilization by refrigerator stored sperm of the Indian major carp, Labeo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822)

This study reports on the spermatological properties, and on the development of a protocol for refrigerator storage (4°C) of Labeo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822) sperm for artificial breeding. Volume, motility, concentration and pH of the freshly collected sperm were 2.21 ± 0.53 (μL g^?1 of fish weight) (mean ± SD), 95 ± 1 (%), 1.93 ± 0.44 × 10⁹ (cells mL^?1) and 7.56 ± 0.17 respectively. Sperm activation was evaluated at different osmolalities of NaCl solution, and motility ceased completely when osmolality of the extender was ≥287 mOsmol kg^?1. Sperm retained motility for 24, 72 and 108 h, after refrigerator storage when sperm were undiluted, suspended in Alsever's solution and suspended in Alsever's solution containing 5% methanol respectively. Fertilization rate of fresh eggs with sperm stored at 4°C in Alsever's solution and Alsever's solution containing 5% methanol was 77% and 60% with a hatching rate of 60% and 43% respectively. The fertilization and hatching success of the stored sperm suggests potential to use refrigeration for transporting genetic material to hatcheries for artificial breeding of L. calbasu in Bangladesh.