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1.
为研究饲料中添加不同水平的维生素E(VE)对急性热应激及常温恢复条件下团头鲂血清生理生化、激素及肠道抗氧化指标的影响,实验挑选180尾健康、规格一致的团头鲂(45.00±0.50)g,分成3组,每组4个平行,每组分别添加不同量维生素E(0、50和400 mg/kg饲料)。饲养90 d后,对团头鲂进行32℃应激1 d,并在25℃常温恢复7 d。结果表明:应激前,50 mg/kg VE组显著提高了肠道谷胱甘肽的活性(P<0.05);高温应激后,与对照组相比,50 mg/kg VE组在高温应激1 d后显著降低了谷丙转氨酶和皮质醇含量,常温恢复7 d后显著降低了谷草转氨酶、皮质醇的含量(P<0.05),显著提高了碱性磷酸酶、谷胱甘肽和超氧化物歧化酶活性(P<0.05);与对照组比,400 mg/kg VE添加组在32℃应激1 d及25℃恢复1 d后显著降低了谷丙转氨酶活性(P<0.05),常温恢复7 d后显著降低了皮质醇浓度,在应激1 d及恢复7 d后均显著降低了丙二醛浓度(P<0.05),400 mg/kg VE添加组在高温应激1 d后显著提高了碱性磷酸酶活性和三碘甲腺原氨酸含量,常温恢复7 d后显著提高了碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.05)。因此,添加适量的维生素E(50~400 mg/kg)有利于调节血脂变化,提高团头鲂肠道抗氧化能力,并且可缓解高温应激对团头鲂血液指标波动的影响,减轻脂质过氧化水平,对团头鲂起到一定保护作用。  相似文献   

2.
草鱼幼鱼肌醇营养需要量的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
以酪蛋白、明胶和鱼粉为蛋白源,配制含肌醇水平分别为0、50 mg/kg、100 mg/kg、200 mg/kg、400 mg/kg8、00 mg/kg、1 600 mg/kg的7组实验饲料。每组设3个重复,连续投喂体质量(4.78±0.18)g的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)幼鱼9周,通过测定生长指标、部分血清生化指标和全鱼营养成分来评价饲料肌醇添加水平对草鱼幼鱼的影响。结果表明,饲料中肌醇添加水平≥200 mg/kg使草鱼幼鱼增重率(WGR)、特定生长率、血清中总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量与对照组相比有显著提高(P<0.05),而血清甘油三酯(TG)含量比对照组有显著降低(P<0.05);200 mg/kg和400 mg/kg肌醇添加组草鱼幼鱼饲料系数(FCR)比对照组有显著降低(P<0.05);饲料中添加肌醇对草鱼幼鱼存活率、血清中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和全鱼营养成分无显著影响(P>0.05)。对WGR、FCR、TC、TG和LDL-C进行折线回归分析得出饲料中肌醇添加水平为166~214 mg/kg对草鱼幼鱼的生长比较适宜。  相似文献   

3.
为研究氨氮应激条件下果寡糖对团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)非特异免疫指标的影响,试验选择360尾初重为13.5 g的团头鲂随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每缸30尾鱼,对照组投喂基础日粮,试验组分别投喂果寡糖(FOS)添加量为0.4%和0.8%的日粮,饲养8周,养殖试验结束后,用10 mg/L的NH4Cl对24尾鱼进行氨氮应激试验。试验结果显示,氨氮应激前,0.4%FOS组的血液谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性显著低于对照组和0.8%FOS组,在氨氮应激后,0.4%FOS组的GOT活性有降低的趋势,但仅在24 h时显著低于0.8%组,0.8%组和对照组之间并无显著差异;血清酸性磷酸酶、补体3(C3)、补体4(C4)、酚氧化酶都出现先升高后降低的趋势,分别在应激后的3、24、12、12 h达到最大值。此外,应激前0.4%FOS组补体C3、C4、酚氧化酶的活性都显著高于对照组,应激后0.4%FOS组C3在3 h处显著高于对照组,但是在其它时间点各组差异并不显著,果寡糖添加水平和采样时间对这些免疫指标都无显著的交互作用。结果表明饲料中添加0.4%的果寡糖能够提高团头鲂的免疫力指标活性,提高了团头鲂抗氨氮应激的能力。  相似文献   

4.
β-葡聚糖对花鲈免疫和抗氧化指标的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过室内循环水养殖试验和氨氮急性应激试验,研究了饲料中添加β-葡聚糖对花鲈免疫和抗氧化指标的影响。选用体质量为(8.35±0.17)g的花鲈720尾,随机分成6组,每组4个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,分别投喂基础饲料和添加200、400、600、800、1000mg/kgβ-葡聚糖的试验饲料。6周生长试验结束后,对花鲈进行非离子氨质量浓度为3.29mg/L的氨氮应激试验,持续时间为96h。结果显示,与对照组相比,400~800mg/kg组免疫球蛋白M含量显著升高(P0.05),各添加组补体3含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。400~800mg/kg组血清碱性磷酸酶活性、400mg/kg组血清酸性磷酸酶活性、200~600mg/kg组血清一氧化氮含量显著高于对照组和其他添加组(P0.05)。与对照组相比,400mg/kg组血清总抗氧化能力和超氧化物歧化酶活性显著升高(P0.05),400~800mg/kg组丙二醛含量显著降低(P0.05)。各组血清过氧化氢酶活性差异不显著(P0.05)。应激后,200~600mg/kg组碱性磷酸酶活性、400mg/kg组和600mg/kg组酸性磷酸酶活性、400mg/kg组总抗氧化能力与对照组相比显著升高;400mg/kg组和600mg/kg组丙二醛含量显著降低。试验结果表明,饲料中添加适量β-葡聚糖能提高花鲈的免疫和抗氧化水平。  相似文献   

5.
以酪蛋白和明胶为蛋白源,七水硫酸锌(Zn SO4·7H2O)为Zn源,分别配制成7种Zn含量(7.4 mg/kg、20.3 mg/kg、32.1 mg/kg、51.0 mg/kg、84.4 mg/kg、169.7 mg/kg、332.4 mg/kg)的半纯化饲料,投喂初始体重为(3.6±0.1)g团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)12周,考察Zn对团头鲂幼鱼生长性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化功能的影响,确定团头鲂幼鱼对饲料Zn的需要量。结果表明,随着饲料Zn含量增加,团头鲂增重率、特定生长率和全鱼Zn含量呈先增加后稳定的趋势;全鱼水分含量显著降低(P0.05),粗蛋白含量显著增加。饲料Zn含量对团头鲂饲料系数无显著影响。饲料中添加Zn显著影响血清总蛋白、尿素氮、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆固醇以及甘油三酯含量,而对血清白蛋白含量和碱性磷酸酶活性无显著影响。随着饲料中Zn含量的增加,团头鲂肝丙二醛含量显著降低(P0.05),而肝过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性在各处理间均无显著差异。折线回归分析表明,团头鲂幼鱼(体重3.6~26.7 g)获得最佳生长时对饲料Zn需要量为32.6 mg/kg,获得最大鱼体Zn含量时Zn的需要量为47.6 mg/kg。本研究旨在确定团头鲂幼鱼对饲料中Zn的需要量,为配制团头鲂高效环保饲料提供科学依据。  相似文献   

6.
为探讨酵母硒和茶多酚对团头鲂幼鱼生长、肌肉营养品质和抗病力的影响,以初始体质量为(1.75±0.01)g的团头鲂为研究对象,采用二因素三水平实验设计在基础饲料(Se含量为0.08 mg/kg)中分别添加酵母硒(按硒计)3个水平(分别为0、0.25和0.50mg/kg),茶多酚3个水平(分别为0、50和100 mg/kg),进行排列组合后得到9组饲料.连续投喂60 d后,检测团头鲂生长、肌肉营养成分、血液和肝脏生化指标以及生长相关基因的表达水平,并统计团头鲂感染嗜水气单胞菌后的成活率,以综合评价酵母硒和茶多酚对团头鲂的作用效果.结果表明:饲料中添加酵母硒和茶多酚均显著提高了团头鲂幼鱼的增重率、特定生长率以及肌肉中粗蛋白含量,降低了饵料系数(P<0.05),酵母硒和茶多酚交互作用也显著提高增重率和特定生长率,显著降低饵料系数(P<0.05),表现出协同增效作用.酵母硒和茶多酚均可以通过诱导下丘脑—垂体—生长轴相关基因表达来提高生长性能,不同的是,酵母硒主要上调脑垂体MaGH和肝脏MaIGF-I基因的mRNA表达,茶多酚主要上调脑垂体MaGHR2基因而显著下调肝脏MaIGF-Ⅰ基因的mRNA表达(P<0.05),结果表明,饲料中添加酵母硒显著提高团头鲂血清中GH和IGF-Ⅰ的含量(P<0.05),而茶多酚显著降低血清中IGF-Ⅰ的含量(P<0.05).攻毒实验表明,酵母硒和茶多酚均能提高攻毒后鱼的成活率,且两者交互作用明显.综合生长性能和抗病力分析,团头鲂幼鱼饲料中酵母硒和茶多酚配伍的适宜添加量为0.50 mg/kg酵母硒和50 mg/kg茶多酚.  相似文献   

7.
胡颂钦  穆俏俏  林艳  缪凌鸿  刘波  董在杰 《水产学报》2023,47(6):069612-069612
为研究饲料中添加茶多酚对团头鲂幼鱼生长性能、饲料利用和抗氧化能力的影响,选取240尾初始体重为(3.5±1.0) g的团头鲂幼鱼,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复20尾。实验配制了茶多酚添加量分别为0 (对照组)、100、300和500 mg/kg的等氮等能饲料,饲喂团头鲂幼鱼8周后测定鱼体生长性能、肌肉组成、血液生化指标和肝肠抗氧化指标。结果显示,摄食300 mg/kg茶多酚组的增重率(WGR)相较于对照组显著提高,蛋白质效率(PER)显著高于低添加量组,饲料系数(FCR)显著降低。500 mg/kg茶多酚显著降低了鱼体肌肉粗脂肪含量。茶多酚的添加显著降低了血浆葡萄糖(GLU)含量,且300和500 mg/kg茶多酚添加组团头鲂肝肠丙二醛(MDA)含量均显著低于无添加组。100和300mg/kg茶多酚添加组鱼体肝肠组织中还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量显著高于对照组。此外,300 mg/kg茶多酚添加组鱼体肝脏的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSHPx)活性也显著高于对照组。养殖实验结束后,通过腹腔注射浓度为50%的四氯化碳(CCl4)溶液诱导...  相似文献   

8.
采用皮质醇混饲投喂的试验方法,模拟自然条件下的慢性应激,观察和分析了应激激素皮质醇对黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)幼鱼生长和外周血细胞的效应。试验组饲料中皮质醇添加剂量为100 mg/kg,日投饵率为3%,试验期5周。结果表明:(1)外源皮质醇通过减少肠道黏膜皱褶和促进糖异生作用使黄颡鱼幼鱼增重受阻;(2)外源皮质醇使黄颡鱼幼鱼外周血白细胞数量显著减少、淋巴细胞百分比显著降低,但是中性粒细胞和单核细胞百分比则呈上升趋势;(3)外源皮质醇能促进红细胞增生,增加黄颡鱼幼鱼外周血红细胞数量。  相似文献   

9.
为评价饲料中添加不同水平的烟酸对杂交鲟(Acipenser schrenckii♂×A. baeri♀)幼鱼生长性能、肌肉成分、肌肉质构和抗氧化性能的影响,在基础饲料中分别添加0 mg/kg、30 mg/kg、120 mg/kg、1200 mg/kg的烟酸配制成4种实验饲料,投喂初始体重(54.41±0.79)g的杂交鲟幼鱼84d,实验分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复15尾鱼。结果表明:饲料添加不同水平的烟酸对杂鲟幼鱼增重率有显著影响(P0.05), 0 mg/kg组增重率显著低于30 mg/kg、120 mg/kg、1200 mg/kg烟酸组(P0.05),各添加组之间无显著差异(P0.05)。各组成活率、饲料系数和肝体比不受饲料烟酸的影响(P0.05)。120 mg/kg烟酸组的肥满度显著低于0 mg/kg、30 mg/kg、1200 mg/kg烟酸组, 0 mg/kg、30mg/kg、1200mg/kg烟酸组之间肥满度无显著差异(P0.05)。120mg/kg烟酸组的脏体比显著低于0mg/kg和1200 mg/kg烟酸组(P0.05),与30 mg/kg烟酸之间无显著差异(P0.05)。肌肉硬度和弹性随烟酸添加水平呈现先增加后降低的趋势, 1200 mg/kg烟酸组的肌肉硬度和弹性显著低于其余各烟酸添加组(P0.05)。30 mg/kg烟酸组的肌肉咀嚼性、回复性和黏性均在各组之间最大,且显著高于0 mg/kg、120 mg/kg、1200 mg/kg烟酸组(P0.05)。30 mg/kg烟酸组的肌肉凝聚性显著高于0 mg/kg、120 mg/kg、1200 mg/kg烟酸组(P0.05), 0 mg/kg、120 mg/kg、1200 mg/kg烟酸组之间无显著差异(P0.05)。肌肉水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分含量不受饲料烟酸影响(P0.05)。30 mg/kg烟酸组肌肉T-SOD活力显著高于0 mg/kg和120 mg/kg烟酸组(P0.05),与1200 mg/kg烟酸组无显著差异(P0.05)。30 mg/kg烟酸组肌肉T-AOC活力显著高于0 mg/kg、120 mg/kg、1200 mg/kg烟酸组(P0.05), 0 mg/kg、120 mg/kg、1200 mg/kg烟酸组之间无显著差异(P0.05)。综上所述,饲料中添加烟酸对杂交鲟幼鱼的生长、肉质和抗氧化性能均有一定的改善作用,鲟鱼饲料中烟酸的建议添加量为30 mg/kg。  相似文献   

10.
以初始体质量为(7.27 ±0.40)g的青鱼为研究对象,采用维生素C(VC)含量分别为0(对照组)、16.3、33.9、69.1、137.8和277.5 mg/kg 6种等氮等能实验饲料,饲养青鱼8周后,选取0、69.1和277.5 mg/kg VC组进行24 h氨氮胁迫(20 mg/L),研究VC对青鱼幼鱼生长、免疫及抗氨氮胁迫能力的影响.结果显示:以特定生长率为指标,折线模型分析表明青鱼有效维生素C需要量为63.0 mg/kg.肌肉、肝脏和血清中VC积累量与饲料中VC含量呈正相关性,当VC添加量达到137.8 mg/kg时,肌肉和肝脏中VC积累量达到饱和.饲料中添加VC对血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量无显著影响,饲料中添加VC显著提高了血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-px)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性(P<0.05);血清中谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活力(NKA)随饲料中VC添加量的增加呈升高趋势,而血清皮质醇含量(COR)呈下降趋势.氨氮胁迫有使肝脏和肌肉VC含量、血清T-SOD、CAT、GSH-px活性、GSH含量和鳃丝NKA活性降低,血清VC含量、COR和MDA含量增加趋势.其中,对照组T-SOD、CAT、NKA活性、GSH、MDA和COR胁迫前后差异显著(P<0.05),氨氮胁迫使VC添加组青鱼肝脏VC含量显著降低(P<0.05),而CAT、NKA活力、GSH、COR胁迫前后均无显著变化.69.1 mg/kg VC组T-SOD活性胁迫前后无显著差异,但GSH-px活性和MDA含量胁迫前后差异显著(P<0.05),而277.5 mg/kg VC添加组GSH-px活力和MDA含量胁迫前后差异不显著,但T-SOD活性显著降低,血清VC含量显著升高(P<0.05).研究表明,青鱼获得最好生长的饲料有效VC添加量为63.0 mg/kg,氨氮胁迫使青鱼产生免疫应激反应,而补充VC可有效增强机体免疫,缓解机体免疫应激,改善青鱼抗氨氮胁迫能力.  相似文献   

11.
团头鲂对饲料中Zn的需求量   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
为了研究团头鲂对饲料中Zn的需要量,以平均体质量50 g的团头鲂为实验对象,采用半纯化饲料,以ZnSO4·H2O为锌源,设置Zn添加量分别为0、68、137、206、275 mg/kg(饲料中Zn总量为22.85、98.07、164.00、235.43、307.96 mg/kg)共5个Zn含量梯度,每个实验组设4个平行,在池塘网箱中养殖43 d。经过回归拟合分析,饲料中Zn添加量、饲料中Zn总量与团头鲂特定生长率、饲料系数、蛋白质沉积率、脂肪沉积率的关系,得到团头鲂对饲料中无机Zn补充量为155.86~161.25 mg/kg,对饲料总Zn需要量为184.85~190.39 mg/kg;在日均摄食量为5.12 g/100 g体质量下,团头鲂对饲料Zn日需求量为0.798~0.825 mg/100 g体质量,对饲料总Zn日需要量为0.946~0.974 mg/100 g体质量。饲料中Zn含量对团头鲂的成活率、肥满度、内脏指数、鳞片重/体质量、体质量/体长、脊椎骨重/体质量无显著影响(P0.05)。饲料中Zn含量对团头鲂的脊椎骨长/体长有显著影响(P0.05);饲料中Zn的补充,有利于团头鲂脊椎骨的生长。  相似文献   

12.
A trial was conducted to determine the effect of ascorbyl‐2‐monophosphate Na/Ca (AMP‐Na/Ca) on blood chemistry and nonspecific immune response of red sea bream juveniles. Test diets with three levels of AsA (free, 107, and 325 mg/kg diet) were fed to juvenile red sea bream (36.0 ± 1.3 g) two times a day for 3 wk. There were no significant differences in hematocrit, glucose, and blood urea nitrogen. Total cholesterol and triglyceride in plasma of fish fed AsA‐free diet was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of fish fed two other diets. There were no significant differences in serum albumin, total bilirubin, and total serum protein. Glutamyl oxaloacetic transaminase in serum of fish fed diets containing 107 and 325 mg of AsA were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that of fish fed AsA‐free diet. Serum lysozyme activity (LA) of fish fed diets containing 107 and 325 mg of AsA were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of fish fed AsA‐free diet. There was no significant difference in mucus LA. The results mentioned above demonstrated that AMP‐Na/Ca is a bioavailable AsA source for red sea bream juveniles. Supplement of more than 107 mg AsA/kg in diets improved blood chemistry and nonspecific immune function of red sea bream juveniles.  相似文献   

13.
为探讨甘草次酸对团头鲂生长、脂肪沉积和抗氧化功能的影响,选取均体质量为(15.63±0.04)g的团头鲂幼鱼420尾,随机分在15个网箱中,分别以甘草次酸水平为0、0.15、0.30、0.45和0.60 g/kg的5种饲料投喂8周。结果发现,饲料添加甘草次酸对团头鲂增重率、特定生长率、饵料系数没有显著影响(P0.05)。甘草次酸可以显著降低实验鱼脏体比、肝体比、腹脂率及肝脏脂肪含量(P0.05),但对全鱼体组成和肌肉脂肪含量无显著影响(P0.05)。比对血浆脂肪代谢酶可见,0.30~0.60 g/kg甘草次酸添加组血浆总胆固醇含量较对照组显著下降(P0.05);而甘油三酯、游离脂肪酸和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量无显著变化(P0.05)。肝脏中脂蛋白酯酶、肝酯酶和总酯酶活性在添加甘草次酸后显著降低(P0.05);0.30~0.60 g/kg甘草次酸添加组脂肪酶活性显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。饲料添加甘草次酸可以显著提高肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性和还原型谷胱甘肽含量,降低丙二醛含量(P0.05)。研究表明,饲料中添加0.30~0.45 g/kg甘草次酸时,显著降低了团头鲂内脏团的脂肪沉积,改善了鱼体脂肪分布,这可能是由于甘草次酸加强脂解作用,提高脂肪代谢酶活性导致的;饲料中添加甘草次酸也可显著提高团头鲂的抗氧化能力。  相似文献   

14.
An 8-week growth experiment was conducted to estimate the dietary requirement of myo-inositol (MI) for juvenile hybrid tilapia. MI was supplemented at 0, 150, 250, 350, 450, 600, and 1200 mg/kg diet in the basal diet providing 0, 167, 259, 367, 479, 612, and 1253 mg MI/kg diet. Basal diet without MI but with succinylsulfathiazole to suppress MI synthesis by intestinal bacteria was included for comparison. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of tilapia (mean initial weight 0.51±0.01 g, n=3). Fish fed ≥367 mg MI/kg diet had significantly (P<0.05) higher weight gain, followed by fish fed 259 mg MI/kg diet, and lowest for fish fed the unsupplemented basal diet. Fish fed ≥367 mg MI/kg diet had higher feed efficiency than fish fed the basal diet. Supplementation of dietary inositol did not affect survival of tilapia. The MI concentrations in liver were highest in fish fed the ≥479 mg MI/kg diet, followed by fish fed the 259 and 167 mg MI/kg diets, and lowest in fish fed the basal diet. Hepatic lipid concentrations were higher in fish fed 367 mg MI/kg diet than fish fed ≤259 mg MI/kg diet. Weight gain percentage and MI concentrations in the liver for the different treatments were analyzed by broken-line regression and indicated that the requirement for dietary MI in growing tilapia is about 400 mg/kg diet. Addition of an antibiotic to basal diet did not affect the growth and hepatic inositol concentration of tilapia, suggesting that the intestinal microbial synthesis was not a significant source of inositol for tilapia.  相似文献   

15.
A 60‐day feeding trial was carried out with juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) to study the effects of myo‐inositol (MI) on the growth, digestive enzyme and intestinal microbial population. Diets with seven levels of inositol (163.5, 232.7, 384.2, 535.8, 687.3, 838.8 and 990.3 mg MI kg?1 diet) were fed to Jian carp (initial weight 22.28±0.07 g). Per cent weight gain (PWG) was improved with increasing inositol levels up to 535.8 mg MI kg?1 diet (P<0.05), and plateaued (P>0.05). The protein production value, lipid production value and ash production value were increased with increasing dietary inositol levels up to 384.2, 838.8 and 838.8 mg MI kg?1 diet respectively (P<0.05). Although intestinal protein content and trypsin activity were not affected by inositol levels (P>0.05), chymotrypsin, lipase and amylase activities in intestine were the lowest for fish fed the MI‐unsupplemented diet (P<0.05). Alkaline phosphatase, Na+, K+‐ATPase, γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase and creatinkinase activities in the intestine were increased with an increase in the inositol levels up to 384.2–687.3 mg MI kg?1 diet (P<0.05). Intestinal Aeromonas hydrophila and Escherichia coli decreased with an increase in the levels of dietary inositol up to 232.7 and 687.3 mg MI kg?1 diet respectively (P<0.05), while Lactobacillus in the intestine increased with an increase in inositol levels up to 990.3 mg MI kg?1 diet (P<0.05). In conclusion, inositol improved growth, digestive capacity and intestinal microbial population of juvenile Jian carp, and the dietary inositol requirement for PWG of juvenile Jian carp is 518.0 mg MI kg?1 diet.  相似文献   

16.
This study determined the effect of dietary supplementation with taurine on plasma biochemical indices, blood cell apoptosis rate, survival rate and expression of catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and heat‐shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene in juvenile hybrid snakehead under ammonia stress. Six diets were formulated to contain 0, 3.0, 6.0, 9.0, 12.0 and 15.0 g/kg taurine. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish in cylindrical tanks. After 8 weeks of feeding, 20 fish per tank were exposed to ammonia stress (total ammonia nitrogen = 200 mg/L) for 48 hr. The results showed that, after ammonia stress, plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triacylglycerol (TG) levels and survival rate significantly decreased (p < 0.05) while plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea nitrogen (BUN), respiratory burst, blood cell apoptosis rate, hepatic CAT, GR and HSP70 mRNA expression levels significantly increased (p < 0.05). On the other hand, dietary supplementation with taurine significantly reduced levels of BUN, respiratory burst and blood cell apoptosis rate. Supplemented groups significantly increased relative mRNA expression of hepatic CAT, GR and HSP70 as well as increased survival rate (p < 0.05). These results indicated that dietary supplementation with taurine improved ability to resist ammonia stress in hybrid snakehead.  相似文献   

17.
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary taurine and cystine on growth and body composition of juvenile red sea bream Pagrus major. In Experiment I, a casein-based semi-purified diet included a small amount of fish meal were supplemented with taurine at the levels of 0 (control) and 1.0%. The experimental diets in Experiment II were without fishmeal and supplemented with taurine at 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% or cystine at 1.0 and 2.0%. These diets were fed three times a day for 6 weeks to fish (average body weight: 2.3 g in Experiment I and 2.5 g in Experiment II). In Experiment I, fish fed the taurine-supplemented diet showed significantly (P < 0.05) improved growth, feed efficiency and feed consumption relative to fish fed the unsupplemental diet. The whole body taurine content increased, whereas the non-essential amino acid contents decreased, in fish fed the taurine-supplemental diet compared to fish fed the unsupplemented diet. In Experiment II, the growth, feed efficiency and feed consumption of fish fed the taurine-supplemented diets, irrespective of the dietary taurine levels, were significantly higher than those of fish fed the control diet and the cystine-supplemented diets. Taurine content in the whole body increased with the dietary taurine level, while the taurine contents did not increase by the supplemental cystine. Other free amino acid contents in the taurine-supplemented diet groups followed similar trends to those in Experiment I. These results indicate that supplemental taurine to a casein-based semi-purified diet at more than 0.5% improved the growth and feed performance of juvenile red sea bream. It is also suggested that juvenile red sea bream cannot metabolize cystine into taurine.  相似文献   

18.
酵母硒和茶多酚都是优质的天然抗氧化剂。酵母硒作为有机硒源,兼有抗氧化和免疫增强的双重功效。茶多酚是茶叶中多酚类物质的总称,具有清除体内自由基、抗菌消炎和免疫调节等多种功效。为探讨酵母硒和茶多酚及其配伍对团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)组织硒沉积量,肝中抗氧化酶活性及其基因m RNA表达的影响,本试验采用二因素三水平设计,在团头鲂幼鱼基础饲料中分别添加酵母硒(按硒计)3个水平(分别为0,0.25 mg/kg,0.50 mg/kg),茶多酚3个水平(分别为0,50 mg/kg,100 mg/kg),进行排列组合后得到9组日粮。选用体重为(1.75±0.01)g团头鲂1 350尾,随机分为9组,每组3个重复,每个重复50尾,进行为期8周的饲养试验。结果表明:1)日粮中添加酵母硒和茶多酚均能显著提高团头鲂幼鱼的增重率和特定生长率(P0.05),当日粮中硒缺乏时,两者互作效应显著(P0.05);而当硒适量或过量时,两者交互作用不显著(P0.05)。2)日粮中单独添加酵母硒能显著提高团头鲂肌肉和肝中硒含量(P0.01),而茶多酚对组织硒含量无显著影响(P0.05),两者对硒在肝中沉积的交互作用显著(P0.05)。3)酵母硒和茶多酚均能够通过诱导抗氧化酶基因表达来提高机体抗氧化酶性能,不同的是酵母硒主要上调Ma GPx1和Ma Cu/Zn-SOD基因m RNA表达,茶多酚主要上调Ma CAT基因。4)酵母硒和茶多酚具有协同抗氧化作用,两者配伍上调了Ma GPx1基因m RNA表达量(P0.05),对Ma Cu/Zn-SOD和Ma CAT基因表达有促进作用,结果两者配伍显著提高了肝总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)而显著降低肝丙二醛(MDA)含量(P0.05)。综合分析,建议当基础日粮中添加0.50 mg/kg酵母硒和50 mg/kg茶多酚时,即在提高生长指标的同时较好的提高各抗氧化物酶的活性,降低肝中MDA的含量。  相似文献   

19.
袁野  黄晓玲  陆游  马红娜  周歧存 《水产学报》2016,40(9):1349-1358
为研究饲料中不同泛酸水平对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、饲料利用及血清指标的影响,实验配制6种等氮等脂(41%粗蛋白质和8%粗脂肪)的实验饲料,泛酸添加水平分别为0(对照组)、50、100、150、300和600 mg/kg,饲料中实测泛酸水平分别为20.9、69.3、99.0、150.2、304.4和513.6 mg/kg。选用初始体质量为(0.73±0.12)g的凡纳滨对虾720尾,随机分为6组(每组3个重复,每个重复40尾),进行为期8周的养殖实验。结果显示,饲料中不同泛酸水平对凡纳滨对虾增重率和特定生长率的影响不显著;对照组凡纳滨对虾成活率显著低于泛酸添加组,然而各泛酸添加组的成活率组间差异不显著。随着泛酸水平从20.9 m.g/kg增加到99.0 mg/kg时,饲料效率和蛋白质效率显著提高,而随着泛酸水平的进一步增加,饲料效率和蛋白质效率显著降低。饲料中泛酸水平对凡纳滨对虾全虾和肌肉主要成分无显著性影响。对照组对虾血清葡萄糖含量显著低于泛酸各添加组,然而泛酸各添加组之间无显著差异;投喂150.2 mg/kg泛酸组血清甘油三酯含量显著低于对照组和513.6 mg/kg;而血清总蛋白和胆固醇含量不受饲料中泛酸水平的影响。随着饲料中泛酸水平由20.9 mg/kg增至150.2 mg/kg,血清超氧化物歧化酶活力显著提高,而随着饲料中泛酸水平的进一步增加,血清超氧化物歧化酶活力显著降低;饲料中泛酸水平为99.0mg/kg组凡纳滨对虾血清总氧化能力显著高于其他各组;投喂对照组和泛酸水平为69.3mg/kg组的凡纳滨对虾血清丙二醛含量最高,投喂泛酸水平为150.2 mg/kg组血清的丙二醛含量显著低于其他各组。以凡纳滨对虾的饲料效率和蛋白质沉积率为评价指标,通过折线模型分析得到凡纳滨对虾泛酸最适需要量分别为113.40和119.87mg/kg。  相似文献   

20.
Juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were fed nutritionally complete, practical basal diets supplemented with bovine lactoferrin (Lf) at 0, 200, 400, 800, or 1600 mg/kg diet to apparent satiation twice daily for 8 weeks. After the feeding trial, the effect of dietary Lf on growth performance, immune function, and resistance to Streptococcus iniae challenge and low-water stress was determined. Dietary Lf did not affect growth performance (weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency ratio, or survival) or haematological parameters (haemoglobin, white and red blood cell counts, or haematocrit) (P > 0.05). Crowding stress produced significant increases in plasma cortisol, glucose, lactate, and osmolality from baseline values (P ≤ 0.001), but dietary Lf did not affect plasma glucose, osmolality, or cortisol concentrations (P > 0.05). The level of Lf in diet had a significant impact on survival following S. iniae challenge with fish fed the 800 mg/kg Lf diet having significantly higher survival than control fish (P ≤ 0.05). There was not a corresponding increase in activity of non-specific or specific immune parameters (plasma lysozyme and spontaneous haemolytic complement activities or agglutination antibody titer against S. iniae) with addition of Lf to diets (P > 0.05), but plasma iron decreased and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) increased significantly with increasing concentration of Lf in diet (P ≤ 0.05). The ability of Lf to sequester iron, an essential nutrient required for the growth of bacteria, is regarded as one of its key antibacterial properties. The increased survival with increasing dietary concentration of Lf seemed to correspond with a decrease in plasma iron concentration and not enhancement of non-specific or specific immune functions.  相似文献   

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