草鱼呼肠孤病毒逆转录环介导等温扩增(RT-LAMP)检测方法的建立

根据草鱼呼肠孤病毒(grass carp reovirus,GCRV)衣壳蛋白VP6编码基因的序列设计特异性引物,以病毒全基因组RNA为模板,通过对反应条件进行优化,建立了GCRV的逆转录环介导等温扩增(RT-LAMP)检测方法。检测结果表明,本方法可在63℃下1 h内实现靶片段的大量扩增,扩增产物经凝胶电泳呈现梯型条带,反应体系中添加SYBR Green I荧光染料后,绿色阳性结果明显区别于橙色阴性结果。该检测体系针对草鱼呼肠孤病毒的检测灵敏度高,其最低检测限为33 pg,与常规RT-PCR方法相比较,灵敏度高10倍,且与斑点叉尾鮰呼肠孤病毒(CCRV)、鲤春病毒血症病毒(SVCV)、锦鲤疱疹病毒(KHV)、大鲵虹彩病毒(GSIV)等无交叉反应。该方法灵敏度及特异性高,且不需昂贵仪器设备,为快速检测草鱼呼肠孤病毒与诊断草鱼出血病提供了简捷快速的技术手段。     

草鱼呼肠孤病毒逆转录环介导等温扩增(RT-LAMP)检测方法的建立

根据草鱼呼肠孤病毒 (grass carp reovirus, GCRV)衣壳蛋白VP6编码基因的序列设计特异性引物, 以病毒全基因组RNA为模板, 通过对反应条件进行优化, 建立了GCRV的逆转录环介导等温扩增(RT-LAMP)检测方法。检测结果表明, 本方法可在63℃下1 h内实现靶片段的大量扩增, 扩增产物经凝胶电泳呈现梯型条带, 反应体系中添加SYBR Green I 荧光染料后, 绿色阳性结果明显区别于橙色阴性结果。该检测体系针对草鱼呼肠孤病毒的检测灵敏度高, 其最低检测限为33 pg, 与常规RT-PCR方法相比较, 灵敏度高10倍, 且与斑点叉尾鮰呼肠孤病毒(CCRV)、鲤春病毒血症病毒(SVCV)、锦鲤疱疹病毒(KHV)、大鲵虹彩病毒(GSIV)等无交叉反应。该方法灵敏度及特异性高, 且不需昂贵仪器设备, 为快速检测草鱼呼肠孤病毒与诊断草鱼出血病提供了简捷快速的技术手段。

     

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) in tissue homogenates of the carp, Cyprinus carpio L.

Abstract. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the demonstration of the virus of spring viraemia of carp (SVCV) in liver, kidney and spleen homogenates, and in infected cell cultures is described. The sensitivity of the method is 10^2·8–10^3·5 TCID₅₀ 0·lml⁻¹ of the examined fluid. The specificity has been confirmed by the ELISA inhibition test and by results of virological examinations. Contamination with bacteria or fungi of samples taken from dead fish had no effect on the results of ELISA. Specific anti-SVCV sera were used successfully for the production of conjugates for the direct immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence detection of SVCV in infected cell cultures.     

Validation of a serum neutralization test for detection of antibodies specific to cyprinid herpesvirus 3 in infected common and koi carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV‐3) is the aetiological agent of a serious infective, notifiable disease affecting common carp and varieties. In survivors, infection is generally characterized by a subclinical latency phase with restricted viral replication. The CyHV‐3 genome is difficult to detect in such carrier fish that represent a potential source of dissemination if viral reactivation occurs. In this study, the analytical and diagnostic performance of an alternative serum neutralization (SN) method based on the detection of CyHV‐3‐specific antibodies was assessed using 151 serum or plasma samples from healthy and naturally or experimentally CyHV‐3‐infected carp. French CyHV‐3 isolate 07/108b was neutralized efficiently by sera from carp infected with European, American and Taiwanese CyHV‐3 isolates, but no neutralization was observed using sera specific to other aquatic herpesviruses. Diagnostic sensitivity, diagnostic specificity and repeatability of 95.9%, 99.0% and 99.3%, respectively, were obtained, as well as a compliance rate of 89.9% in reproducibility testing. Neutralizing antibodies were steadily detected in infected carp subjected to restrictive or permissive temperature variations over more than 25 months post‐infection. The results suggest that this non‐lethal diagnostic test could be used in the future to improve the epidemiological surveillance and control of CyHV‐3 disease.     

黑龙江地区鲤春病毒血症病毒的分离与基因型分析

对2015—2016年黑龙江不同地区的40个养殖场送检的鲤(Cyprinus carpio)进行鲤春病毒血症病毒(spring viremia of carp virus,SVCV)的细胞培养分离、PCR鉴定、病毒滴度测定、病毒表面糖蛋白(glycoprotein,G)氨基酸序列聚类分析及基因分型研究。细胞培养结果显示,来自4个不同养殖场的鲤组织样本能够感染鲤上皮细胞(epithelioma papulosum cyprini,EPC)产生典型细胞病变(cytopathic effect,CPE),收集病毒悬液分别称为Shlj1~Shlj4。PCR鉴定结果表明,该4株病毒均为SVCV。病毒滴度实验测算出SVCV Shlj 1~Shlj 4的滴度分别为10~(6.28)、10~(6.88)、10~(7.57)和106.38 TCID50/mL。Shlj的糖蛋白基因核苷酸序列的聚类分析和遗传进化分析结果显示,Shlj 1~Shlj 4与Gen Bank收录的中国参考株A2、BJ0505-2和美国参考株USA、212364聚为一簇,同源性为98.4%~99.8%;Shlj 1~Shlj 4毒株之间的糖蛋白核苷酸序列相似性在98.6%~99.8%,其中Shlj 3与美国SCVC毒株USA、212364具有最高的核苷酸相似性(99.8%),Shlj 2与英国参考毒株880163具有最低的相似性(88.0%)。糖蛋白氨基酸序列比对结果显示,Shlj4中氨基酸突变最多,与另3个毒株差异较大。基因型分析结果显示,Shlj 1~Shlj 4均为基因Ia型。本研究结果表明,黑龙江地区2015—2016年间的SVCV检出率约为10%,并且来源于不同养殖场的病毒分离株的核酸序列呈现不同程度的差异,该结果进一步证明SVCV毒株在中国不同的鲤养殖环境中正在不断地进化。     

First detection of spring viraemia of carp virus in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) affected by a septicaemic disease in Mexico

Spring viraemia of carp (SVC) is an infectious disease responsible for severe economic losses for various cyprinid species, particularly common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio). The causative agent is the SVC virus (SVCV), a member of the Sprivivirus genus, Rhabdoviridae family, and a List 1 pathogen notifiable by the World Organization for Animal Health. This study describes the diagnosis of an SVCV pathogen isolated in October 2015 from wild common carp inhabiting a natural lagoon in central Mexico. While neither an epidemic nor fish mortalities were reported, the collected killed specimens exhibited clinical signs of disease (e.g., exopthalmia, moderate abdominal distension and haemorrhaging, as well as internal haemorrhages and adhesions). Histological results of injuries were consistent with the pathology caused by SVCV. This finding was supported by the isolation of a virus in EPC and BF‐2 cells and subsequent RT‐PCR confirmation of SVCV. The phylogenetic analyses of partial SVCV glycoprotein gene sequences classified the isolates into the Ia genogroup. These findings make this the first report of SVCV detection in Mexico, extending the southern geographical range of SVCV within North America. However, since this pathogen was detected in fish inhabiting a natural body of water without tributaries or effluents, it is difficult to estimate the risk of SVCV for other wild/feral cohabitating cyprinid species in the lagoon. The status of this virus is also unknown for other bodies of water within this region.     

鲤春病毒血症病毒生物学研究进展

近年来,鱼类急性出血性疾病——鲤春病毒血症的暴发屡屡给水产养殖业带来巨大的经济损失.鲤春病毒血症是由鲤春病毒血症病毒引起的,该病毒具有传染性强,发病率高的特点,目前尚无有效治疗药物.文章从流行特点、临床症状、生物学特征、检测技术和疫苗研究等方面总结概述了鲤春病毒血症病毒的生物学研究进展,可为进一步深入研究该病毒提供参考...     

Potential vector species of carp edema virus (CEV)

During a PCR‐based CEV survey in Poland in 2015–2017, the virus was detected in many farms both in clinical and asymptomatic cases and in common as well as in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio). In order to evaluate the potential carrier role of fish species that share the same habitats with carp, an experimental trial was performed. Investigations carried out on specimens of bleak (Alburnus alburnus), crucian carp (Carassius carassius), European perch (Perca fluviatilis), Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio), roach (Rutilus rutilus) and tench (Tinca tinca) cohabited with CEV‐infected carp yielded positive results. These species of fish were experimentally cohabited with CEV‐infected common carp at a temperature of 16°C ± 1. Material from the brain, gills, spleen, kidneys, intestine and skin was investigated for the presence of CEV DNA. Similar investigations were performed with uninfected fish designated controls. Samples were tested for CEV by qPCR.