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1.
8种鲆鲽鱼种间遗传距离与杂交亲和性的相关性分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
2005-2008年,先后进行了褐牙鲆♀×夏牙鲆♂、褐牙鲆♀×石鲽♂、褐牙鲆♀×条斑星鲽♂、褐牙鲆♀×大菱鲆♂、大菱鲆♀×条斑星鲽♂的正反交试验,并收集了文献报道的研究资料,包括条斑星鲽×圆斑星鲽、石鲽×星斑川鲽、夏牙鲆×漠斑牙鲆及褐牙鲆×圆斑星鲽的正反交试验结果,对所涉及的8种鲆鲽鱼远缘杂交亲和性进行分析。根据Russell对杂交亲和性的定义,正反交均可行,杂交适合度为1;正反交单向可行,杂交适合度为0.5,正反交均不可行,杂交适合度为0。同时,根据这8种鲆鲽鱼的16S rDNA和COⅠ基因部分序列的差异,估算其种间遗传距离。对8种鲆鲽鱼的种间遗传距离和杂交适合度作相关性分析,二者呈线性负相关(R2=0.81,P<0.01),即杂交的亲和性随种间遗传距离增大而降低。研究表明,鲆鲽鱼的杂交亲和性与其遗传分化程度具有相关性,可以通过种间遗传距离对鲆鲽鱼远缘杂交的亲和性进行预测。  相似文献   

2.
条斑星鲽精子超微结构研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
分别以扫描电镜和透射电镜方法研究了条斑星鲽精子的超微结构。条斑星鲽精子全长45.57±3.23μm,主要包括三部分:头部、中段和鞭毛。头部呈圆形,主要结构为近圆形的细胞核;中段不发达,主要包括线粒体和中心粒复合体两部分,具有多个未分化的圆形小线粒体;鞭毛细长,结构为典型的"9+2"型双联微管结构,无侧鳍。这些特征表明,条斑星鲽的精子属于简单的原始类型。条斑星鲽精子不具顶体,但具有开口于核前端稍偏处呈不规则状的核前部凹陷及核内核泡结构,核前凹陷与染色质区无界膜分隔,部分精子在凹陷前端存在由核膜构成的凸起。凹陷区的前部及其开口处常有多个小的具单层界膜的囊泡,这些结构可能是顶体的遗迹,但也不排除其是向外释放核内物质的一种途径的可能性。  相似文献   

3.
条斑星鲽工厂化养殖技术   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
近年来,大菱鲆、牙鲆的工厂化养殖,使我国北方走出了传统池塘粗养的困境,形成了一个规模化的大产业。但随着大菱鲆、牙鲆市场价格的大幅下滑,人们又把目光瞄向了鲆鲽类新品种。条斑星鲽外观漂亮优美, 体色似松树皮,含有较高的胶原蛋白,肉质细嫩鲜美,口感极好。在日本市场,条斑星鲽价格1万-2万日元/kg, 是牙鲆的5倍,是深受消费者喜爱的高档鱼种,具有很  相似文献   

4.
条斑星鲽工厂化养殖技术   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
姜英俊 《齐鲁渔业》2006,23(8):22-22
近年来,大菱鲆、牙鲆的工厂化养殖,使我国北方走出了传统池塘粗养的困境,形成了一个规模化的大产业。但随着大菱鲆、牙鲆市场价格的大幅下滑,人们又把目光瞄向了鲆鲽类新品种。条斑星鲽外观漂亮优美,  相似文献   

5.
异源精子诱导条斑星鲽雌核发育   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
用冷冻保存的花鲈精子作为异源精子,采用紫外线(UV)对精子进行照射使其遗传物质失活,然后与卵子进行授精,可以刺激条斑星鲽鱼卵进行雌核发育,在受精后一定时间采用冷休克处理“受精”卵,抑制第二极体排出成功获得了条斑星鲽雌核发育二倍体鱼苗。实验表明,花鲈精子只有经过紫外线照射遗传失活后,才能诱导产生条斑星鲽雌核发育二倍体鱼苗。经过大量实验筛选出诱导条斑星鲽雌核发育的最佳条件为花鲈冷冻精子采用80 MJ/cm2 的紫外线照射,然后与条斑星鲽卵子进行授精,在受精后7~9 min,将受精卵放在-1.0~1.5 ℃海水中进行冷休克处理,持续时间为60~90 min,在此条件下,获得的雌核发育二倍体的相对诱导率达40.68%±7.24%。由于不失活精子与条斑星鲽卵形成的杂交胚只能存活到原肠期,而染色体未被成功加倍的胚胎会由于单倍体的致死效应在孵化前后死亡,所以存活的仔鱼全部为条斑星鲽雌核发育二倍体。采用微卫星标记技术对雌核发育鱼苗进行了分析,证明了雌核发育鱼苗为雌核发育二倍体。首次报道了采用异源冷冻精子诱导条斑星鲽鱼卵进行雌核发育的技术方法,为条斑星鲽性别控制和遗传改良提供了技术手段。  相似文献   

6.
鲆鲽类产业技术需求调查与建议   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
一、被调查单位总体概况 在回收的128份问卷中,辽宁29份,河北18份,天律7份,山东57份,江苏6份,福建11份.被调查单位数量分布与鲆鲽类主产区产量分布基本吻合,可反映出产业技术需求总体状况.从养殖单位性质看,被调查的128家养殖生产者中,16家为养殖企业,112家为个体养殖户.从养殖品种及其分布看,被调查养殖单位所养殖的鲆鲽类品种有大菱鲆、牙鲆、半滑舌鳎、星突江鲽、条斑星鲽、圆斑星鲽、漠斑牙鲆以及欧鳎.其中101户养殖了大菱鲆,32户养殖了牙鲆,31户养殖了半滑舌鳎,2户养殖了星突江鲽,6户养殖了条斑星鲽,5户养殖了圆斑星鲽,2户养殖了漠斑牙鲆,1户养殖了欧鳎.  相似文献   

7.
六种鲽形目鱼类无眼侧头部皮肤形态特征与功能探讨   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
本研究采用扫描电镜方法首次对半滑舌鳎、大菱鲆等6种鲽形目鱼类无眼侧头部皮肤形态结构进行观察比较,以期获得与摄食行为等生态习性相关的新发现。结果显示,半滑舌鳎和塞内加尔鳎的无眼侧头部皮肤存在大量游离神经丘,但其形态特征存在差异。半滑舌鳎皮肤表面的游离神经丘类似于乳头状突起,突起上有表皮细胞形成的微脊,多个为一簇,很少单独存在,呈无规则排列;而塞内加尔鳎的游离神经丘直接裸露在皮肤表面,呈线性排列在肉芽状皮肤突起的下方。星突江鲽的头部无眼侧皮肤表面零散分布着多个为一簇的游离神经丘,形状类似于半滑舌鳎的乳头状游离神经丘。大菱鲆、黄盖鲽和条斑星鲽的头部无眼侧皮肤表面未发现游离神经丘等特殊结构,但其表面均凹凸不平。研究推测鲽形目鱼类头部无眼侧皮肤形态特征与其摄食习性密切相关;其头部无眼侧游离神经丘的分布特征与种群分类存在一定的相关性,可为物种的分类提供一定依据。  相似文献   

8.
星斑川鲽远缘杂交初步研究   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
为了探索川鲽(Platichthys stellatus)远缘杂交的可行性,2007年进行了星斑川鲽♀×条斑星鲽♂、星斑川鲽♀×圆斑星鲽♂、大菱鲆♀×星斑川鲽♂杂交试验.结果表明:星斑川鲽♀×条斑星鲽♂、星斑川鲽♀×圆斑星鲽♂杂交不存在配子不亲和,受精卵可以正常发育,杂交子代存活和生长正常;而大菱鲆♀×星斑川鲽♂杂交胚胎能够发育,但孵化出仔鱼为畸形,24 h后死亡.  相似文献   

9.
我国鲆鲽类全雌苗种技术研究最新进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
由于鲆鲽鱼类具有在同样的饲养条件下雌雄个体生长差异大、雌性比雄性生长速度快、个体大、饲料转换效率高的特点,因此,鲆鲽类的全雌苗种培育对于提高鲆鲽类生长速度,缩短养殖周期,提高经济效益等具有重要意义。我国对鲆鲽鱼类雌核发育方面研究相对较少,主要集中在养殖规模较大的经济品种上,如牙鲆、漠斑牙鲆、大菱鲆、半滑舌鳎、条斑星鲽等,  相似文献   

10.
黄华伟 《内陆水产》2007,32(1):18-19
条斑星鲽俗称“花豹子”、“花边爪”,属鲽形目、鲽科、星鲽属,主要分布于日本茨城县以北到鄂霍茨克海以南海域,我国黄渤海海域亦有少量分布,为冷温性大型底栖鱼类。随着牙鲆、大菱鲆工厂化养殖规模的日益扩大、养殖效益的逐步下滑,寻求海水鱼类养殖新品种成为人们的迫切需要。条斑星鲽体形优美,不仅肉质鲜嫩、营养丰富,而且抗病、抗逆能力强,具有很高的经济  相似文献   

11.
We evaluated the role of flatfishes in the organization and structure of the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem using the Ecopath/Ecosim approach. As basic input data for the Ecopath/Ecosim model, we used estimates of biomass from bottom trawl surveys and age-structured population models, production/biomass (P/B) ratio, consumption/biomass (Q/B) ratio, diet composition (DC), and fisheries harvests for each component of species or species groups. We estimated the trophic level of each component, niche overlaps among flatfishes, and the impacts of competition and predation on flatfish species in the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem. Based on those estimates, we developed the tropho-dynamic structure of the ecosystem, and the model was used to simulate ecological effects of fishery exploitation patterns. No single flatfish species appeared to have a profound and uniquely important role in the organization and structure of the ecosystem. Instead, the most important component among the guild of flatfish species appeared to be yellowfin sole Pleuronectes asper, which had greater biomass than other flatfish and a relatively diverse diet among the small flatfish species. Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis, Greenland turbot Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, and arrowtooth flounder Atheresthes stomias were important keystone predators in the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem together with some groups of marine mammals and sea birds. Intra flatfish complex cannibalism was not observed, however, substantial diet overlaps were common in the flatfish guild system.  相似文献   

12.
Clifford H. Ryer   《Fisheries Research》2008,90(1-3):138-146
Trawls harness the innate avoidance behavior of fish to affect their capture. As such, effective bycatch reduction relies, in part, upon knowledge of behavioral differences between target and non-target species. The behavior of flatfish during herding, net entry and passage through trawls differs substantially from that of many roundfish. These differences result from the unique body morphology of flatfish and the constraints this morphology places upon their natural predator avoidance and evasion tactics. Paramount, in this regard, is the intimate association between flatfish and the seafloor. Flatfish utilize a detection minimization strategy that combines burial, highly evolved cryptic capabilities and low activity. Additionally, the maximum sustained swimming speeds and endurance of flatfishes are low compared to most roundfish. As a result, flatfish typically respond to trawl ground-gear at shorter distances, remain closer to the seafloor during herding and herd in the net mouth for a shorter time, prior to net entry, than roundfish. As is the case for roundfish species, light and temperature influence flatfish reactivity and herding behavior. At low ambient light levels herding behavior in flatfish breaks down, as fish initially respond to ground-gear by rising off the bottom, which removes them from the ground-gear's zone of influence. Similarly, at low temperatures some flatfish display reduced herding. Differences in behavior between flatfish and roundfish have spurred development of selective flatfish trawls, with low rise head ropes and/or open or large mesh intermediates that allow rising roundfish to exit the net opening, while flatfish remain close to the net floor, passing into the net and back to the codend. Lastly, a conceptual design for a counter-herding device is presented, which takes advantage of the longer reactive distances of roundfish, and their tendency to herd farther of the seafloor, thereby allowing them to be herded out of the path of the net, while not influencing the normal inward herding of flatfish.  相似文献   

13.
苗种是水产养殖生产的基础资料,苗种科技创新与推广的有效程度直接影响到产业可持续发展。以作为我国海水鱼类代表的鲆鲽类养殖业为例,基于养殖生产者的技术需求调研结果,提出了该产业苗种技术创新与推广的策略,即以市场为导向,始终将苗种科技创新作为重要的产业发展战略;密切结合产业发展转型战略,有效对接产业差别化需求,有差别地重点推进快速生长苗种、强抗逆性苗种以及全雌化优质苗种的培育与推广;因地制宜推进特色品种苗种培育,为塑造区域性鲆鲽类产品品牌提供支撑;认真做好战略储备性品种的苗种培育,切实推进产业的梯度发展;密切关注我国近海渔业资源修复之需求,培育适于增殖放流的鲆鲽类苗种。  相似文献   

14.
细菌性疾病是中国海水养殖鲆鲽类的主要病害,为全面了解病原菌种类,本研究对1999~2012年从山东、江苏、河北、天津等沿海地区养殖场发病鲆鲽鱼类中分离得到的124株优势菌株进行了16S rRNA基因测序和系统发育学分析。将基因序列与GenBank核酸序列数据库进行相似度比对分析,结果显示,有83株与弧菌属(Vibriosp.)细菌相似度最高,11株与气单胞菌属(Aeromonas sp.)细菌相似度最高,4株与爱德华氏菌属(Edwardsiella sp.)细菌相似度最高,26株为其他15种属的细菌。根据系统发育学分析结果,进一步将66株菌鉴定为16个种,优势种为溶藻弧菌(V.alginolyticus)、哈氏弧菌(V.harveyi)、鳗弧菌(V.anguillarum)、杀鲑气单胞菌(A.salmonicida)和迟缓爱德华氏菌(E.tarda)。选择其中的9株鳗弧菌和4株迟缓爱德华氏菌进行人工感染实验,结果显示,其中7株鳗弧菌和3株迟缓爱德华氏菌对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)有较强的致病性。研究结果可为阐明中国海水养殖鲆鲽类的流行病发生历史、病原种类、病原监测及疾病控制提供重要参考。  相似文献   

15.
To determine the distribution of marine birnavirus (MABV) in cultured populations of different marine fish species, 1291 pooled tissue samples from 2672 fish belonging to 22 species and one hybrid were collected from Kagawa Prefecture, Japan, during 1999-2001. Using cell-culture MABV was isolated from three species: yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata Temminck & Schlegel (positive number/sample number, 10/419), amberjack, S. dumerili (Risso) (4/72), and Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel) (41/481). Using PCR on MABV-negative samples, the MABV genome was detected in the same three species [yellowtail (9/409), amberjack (4/68) and Japanese flounder (93/440)] and two additional species, spotted halibut, Verasper variegatus (Temminck & Schlegel) (5/11), and goldstriped amberjack, S. lalandi Valenciennes (1/5). These MABV-positive species can be taxonomically divided into two groups: the genus Seriola and flatfish. In Japanese flounder, MABV was detected during all seasons, and the infection rate was correlated with water temperature. Aquaculture sites with MABV-positive fish were evenly distributed over the surveyed area, suggesting that MABV is widely distributed at aquaculture sites in Kagawa Prefecture. The nucleotide sequence at the variable region, the VP2/NS junction, revealed that the 39th base mutation occurs host-specifically for flatfish. Flatfish are suspected to be the main reservoir of MABV and might be responsible for establishing the infection cycle in aquaculture environments.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract

In contrast to freshwater aquaculture and the culture of anadromous species such as salmon, marine fish culture is in its infancy. The small larval size of many marine species presents significant challenges to culture, however, these highly valuable fish offer considerable promise for aquaculture. A particularly attractive group for marine aquaculture is the flatfish. The California halibut, Paralichthys californicus, with a range in nature from Washington State south to Baja California Sur, Mexico is one such species.

With the goal of enhancing the fishery for this species, a hatchery program was developed over a decade ago. The hatchery at Redondo Beach, California, maintains a group of adults that routinely spawn throughout most of each year. Further development of routine culture and juvenile growout techniques ultimately aimed at commercial aquaculture was initiated last year with support from the California Sea Grant College Program.

Profitable commercial ventures culturing various flatfish species already exist in other parts of the world, but development of a flatfish culture industry in California confronts unique challenges. Two challenges in particular are the relatively high cost of energy and stringent environmental regulations. To meet these challenges, a culture system built around recirculation technology is being developed that would allow for an energy-efficient industrial-like approach to the culture of California halibut while minimizing environmental impacts.  相似文献   

17.
Measurement of sole activity by digital image analysis   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
S.  L.  J.   《Aquacultural Engineering》2009,41(1):22-27
Evaluating flatfish activity can be a useful tool for studying fish behavior and welfare. The aim of this work was to obtain a quantitative index for measuring flatfish activity using image analysis. Accordingly, motor activity of a sole population was recorded by digital video for three nights, bearing in mind the nocturnal lifestyle of the species. Subsequent image analysis was done by image subtraction of consecutive frames. The result was a “difference frame” showing the changes in the image area due to fish movement. Using these data, an image processing activity index (IPAI) was determined by measuring the percentage of area altered due to fish movement and by taking this percentage as an indicator of fish activity. Typical sole behavioral acts (take-off and surface swimming) were recorded by direct observation during the same intervals in order to calibrate the IPAI. A direct observation activity index (DOAI) was determined by weighting each kind of attitude according to its average duration. Results obtained from image analysis (IPAI) were compared with results obtained by direct observation (DOAI). A linear relationship between the two indexes was found with a correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.80 for 92% of coverage area tank and r2 = 0.90 for 210% of coverage area tank. Thus, this digital video-based index can be a highly reliable and accurate method for objectively measuring activity levels in sole with a low consumption of labor and time. Nevertheless, the application to farm conditions would need further research and an accurate calibration for other species.  相似文献   

18.
Fisheries Science - The marbled flounder Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae, a flatfish found in temperate coastal waters, is an important commercial species in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, but little...  相似文献   

19.
Winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, has emerged as a promising candidate flatfish for cold‐water aquaculture and restocking. Here, juveniles were reared for 8 weeks at three temperatures: 10, 15, and 20°C under 24‐hr light. All fish were imaged at stocking and at 2‐week intervals, where growth was measured as changes in standard length (SL) and body area (BA). By week 2, fish reared at 15 and 20°C were larger than those grown at 10°C. At weeks 4 to 6, fish at 15°C were larger than fish at 20°C. Linear regressions were used to model growth dynamics over time at each temperature. Highly significant linear growth trajectories were detected over time for SL and BA. SL and BA regressions also showed a significant difference among the slopes across temperatures, where comparing slopes showed the best temperature to rear the flounder was 15°C. Weights of fish held at 15°C and 20°C were greater than at 10°C at the termination of the experiment. Within each temperature, the growth rate of malpigmented fish was not different from that of the normally pigmented fish. Overall, growth of winter flounder was comparable to that of other commercially produced flatfish species, providing strong evidence for this flatfish species as a potential species for aquaculture.  相似文献   

20.
不同规格鲆鲽类的生化组成及营养价值比较   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
分析了不同规格鲆鲽类的生化组成并进行了营养价值研究和安全性评价。结果表明,不同规格的鲆鲽类鱼肉氨基酸都符合FAO/WHO公布的氨基酸理想模式:EAA/TAA含量在40%左右、EAA/NEAA在60%以上,重金属含量都符合国内外相关标准,所以鲆鲽类蛋白质都属于理想安全的优质蛋白质。不同规格鲆鲽类的FAA/TAA的比例都相近,而1~2kg的鲆鲽类的必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸含量普遍高于0.5kg的大菱鲆。  相似文献   

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