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1.
皱纹盘鲍养殖中几个问题的探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
刘亚军 《水产科学》1995,14(3):33-34
皱纹盘鲍养殖中几个问题的探讨刘亚军(辽宁省海洋渔业开发中心大连1l6013)关键词:皱纹盘鲍,养殖,饵料皱纹盘鲍(H.discushannaiZno)是一种经济价值很高的海产贝类。国内从育苗到养成已形成一定规模,网笼养鲍法正在推广,产量有逐年上升的趋...  相似文献   

2.
绿盘鲍由于其在生长速率和成活率方面均优于皱纹盘鲍,大有取代皱纹盘鲍成为主要养殖对象的趋势。然而之前养殖户对绿盘鲍的接触较少,容易被蒙骗。同时育苗场也是各种乱象。  相似文献   

3.
皱纹盘鲍的养殖生物学研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文主要就温度对皱纹盘鲍摄食,生长及代谢的影响,皱纹筋鲍在各生长阶段的消化生理变化,皱纹盘鲍的营养需要与人工饵料的配制,以及皱纹盘鲍的主要细菌性,病毒性,寄生性病害的研究与防治等4个方面进行了综述。  相似文献   

4.
皱纹盘鲍(H.diseus haunai)在我国的自然分布海域为江苏以北的黄渤海水海域?20世纪80年代后期,福建先后从北方引进皱纹盘鲍,与日本盘鲍进行杂交繁育,进行南方驯化养殖试验。试养的成功推动了皱纹盘鲍在南方浅海增养殖不断发展,尤其是近几年以来,皱纹盘鲍及其杂交品种养殖达到规模化趋势,  相似文献   

5.
皱纹盘鲍的遗传育种研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
皱纹盘鲍为我国北方的重要养殖品种,但随着养殖规模与密度的不断扩大,因种质退化等原因导致暴发性病害频发。因此,皱纹盘鲍的遗传改良研究对于皱纹盘鲍养殖产业的可持续健康发展十分重要。本文对我国皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)的生物学特征、微卫星标记、选择育种、杂交育种、多倍体育种、雌核发育的研究现状进行了综述,并对今后皱纹盘鲍遗传育种的方法和方向作了展望。  相似文献   

6.
鲍是海产八珍之一。中国可供养殖品种,北有皱纹盘鲍,南有杂色鲍,台湾有九孔鲍。浙江海区受常年海水混浊、夏秋季有台风、高温等条件制约,海区和工厂化养殖事业发展缓慢。我们在浙江省科委、洞头县县政府、县科委的支持、关心下,利用半屏乡不用的战备坑道,试养皱纹盘鲍获得成功,为浙江养鲍提供了新模式。现把基本情况和技术要点介绍如下。一、基本情况1994年12月13日从浙江省海洋水产研究所西闪试验场购入平均壳长2.8厘米的皱纹盘鲍大苗2万只,平均壳长1.5厘米小苗0.5万只,经15个月养殖,1996年3月16日经省、县两级科委及专家验收…  相似文献   

7.
福建省连江是南方地区最早开展日本盘鲍与皱纹盘鲍杂交育苗的地方。1989年福州市水产科学研究所将日本盘鲍与大连的皱纹盘鲍进行人工育苗并获得成功,杂交鲍现比较明显的杂交优势,尤其是对高温的适应性优于皱纹盘鲍。人工育苗成功后,杂交鲍养殖成效突显,以福建为代表的南方地区鲍鱼养殖业发展迅速。  相似文献   

8.
溯源长岛鲍鱼增养殖历史,分析产业现状,从种质、栖息地生境、产业化和品牌化建设四个方面查摆制约因素,并针对性提出政产学研金协同推动皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)种质保护和持续发展,建立长岛皱纹盘鲍标准体系,推进长岛皱纹盘鲍种业发展,推动皱纹盘鲍资源快速恢复,推进皱纹盘鲍生态养殖产业发展,加快品牌建设和宣传推介,加强资金保障的对策建议。  相似文献   

9.
杂交西氏鲍是日本优良养殖品种西氏鲍(厦门大学鲍遗传育种团队引进)和本土皱纹盘鲍杂交而来的品种,杂交受精率达到70%以上,养殖成活率比皱纹盘鲍提高20%,生长速度较快,杂种优势明显。  相似文献   

10.
鲍类具有很高的营养价值,是一种非常重要的经济贝类,国内外对鲍类的研究主要集中在对皱纹盘鲍及其他一些种的摄食生理、营养需要及疾病防治等方面。本文主要从对皱纹盘鲍在不同生长阶段摄食、生长、发育等方面的研究及其在外界环境因素影响下的生理状况,皱纹盘鲍的营养需要与人工配合饲料的配制,以及皱纹盘鲍的主要细菌性、病毒性、寄生性病害的研究与防治等三个方面进行综述。  相似文献   

11.
12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

16.
17.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

19.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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