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葡萄越冬覆土埋藤机的研制,是为解决我国北方地区葡萄藤冬前覆土掩埋全部由人工手工作业,劳动强度大、生产效率低,而国内又没有适用专用机具的难题。本文从农业机械设计的角度,阐述了该机具研究开发的目的、葡萄埋藤作业的农业技术条件、机具设计的依据、机具作业的工作原理、机具的总体结构设计和抛土换向机构等关键零部件的设计。 相似文献
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10PF-90A型葡萄越冬覆土埋藤机的研制,是为解决我国北方地区葡萄藤冬前覆土掩埋全部由人工手工作业,劳动强度大、生产效率低,而国内又没有适用专用机具的难题。本文从农业机械设计的角度,阐述了该机具研究开发的目的、葡萄埋藤作业的农业技术条件、机具设计的依据、机具作业的工作原理、机具的总体结构设计和抛土换向机构等关键零部件的设计和计算,并对该机具的进一步完善设计提出了改进方案。 相似文献
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为确保冬季葡萄安全越冬,每年必须将葡萄藤用土掩埋起来,是防止葡萄藤冬季冻伤和风干的有效措施。针对果园经济作物葡萄种植生产过程中人工埋藤作业劳动强度大、作业成本高、效率低等问题,根据葡萄埋藤的农艺要求,设计一种与22 kW以上拖拉机配套的1PM-100型葡萄埋藤机,该机主要由机架、挖土装置、覆土装置、传动系统、限深装置等功能部件组成。对该机的挖土装置和传动系统等关键部件进行相关理论分析,并对机具进行田间试验。试验表明:机具前进速度为2 km/h,取土沟一侧距葡萄藤距离为450 mm,挖土装置转速为200 r/min时,纯工作小时生产率为0.8 hm~2/h;挖土深度及覆土量大小可以根据用户需求方便调节,能够满足葡萄冬季埋藤的农艺要求,减轻劳动强度,降低作业成本。 相似文献
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《中国农机化学报》2015,(5)
针对我国西北及北方葡萄主产区冬季对葡萄藤进行埋土防寒的需求,研制了一种以拖拉机为动力源、适用于葡萄园作业的葡萄埋藤防寒机。该埋藤机通过动力输入轴与拖拉机动力输出轴连接,经链轮链条的变速将动力传递给抛土刀盘,带动其高速旋转,使抛土刀盘上的铲刀切削土壤。切削下的土壤经抛土刀盘的收集、抛送,通过导向罩、压土板抛送至葡萄藤,完成埋藤防寒作业。同时,通过液压系统调节导向罩和压土板的角度来调节抛土距离以满足不同的行距。田间试验测试了埋藤防寒机的覆土厚度、防寒土散开半径、抛土距离和取土沟中心距葡萄主干距离。结果表明:抛土最近时埋藤防寒机平均覆土厚度为47.2cm、防寒土散开半径均值为78.6cm、抛土距离均值为41.3m、取土沟中心距葡萄主干平均距离为111.4cm;抛土最远时埋藤防寒机平均覆土厚度为41.2cm、防寒土散开半径均值为85.5cm、抛土距离均值为61.6cm、取土沟中心距葡萄主干平均距离为140.9cm,满足埋藤防寒的农艺要求。 相似文献
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为解决现有多数葡萄埋藤机埋土量少和埋藤质量差等问题,研制了一种新型冬季葡萄越冬埋藤机。该机采用20~40 kW拖拉机为动力,一次覆土既可完成冬季埋藤作业,还可在覆土前将葡萄藤收拢起来并铺上膜,减少了埋藤前捆藤作业环节,大大降低了冬季埋藤和春季扒藤劳动强度。该机主要由牵引架、传动换向齿轮箱、旋耕取土机构、土壤输送系统、传动链轮、万向行走轮和压藤铺膜机构等部分组成。阐述了其工作原理及关键部件的设计,介绍了机器的工作状态、适用范围和主要技术指标。该机结构设计合理,为我国葡萄种植机械化提供了技术支持。 相似文献
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我国酿酒葡萄栽培面积逐年增加,因气候条件酿酒葡萄进入冬季前需要进行剪枝作业,目前冬季剪枝作业主要以人工修剪为主,存在劳动强度大、效率低和成本高等问题。设计了一种适于酿酒葡萄冬季埋藤前的机械化修剪机具,该机主要由机架、自动避障装置和液压驱动的旋转式剪枝装置等组成。试验选取3年株龄的赤霞珠品种作为试验对象,以割刀转速和作业速度为试验因素进行酿酒葡萄田间剪枝试验。试验结果表明:当机具作业速度3.0 km/h,割刀转速2 000 r/min时,剪断率为98.3%;当机具作业速度3.0 km/h,割刀转速>2 500 r/min时,剪断率为100%;当机具作业速度1.0~2.0 km/h,割刀转速2 000 r/min时,剪断率为100%;当作业速度4.0 km/h时,机具对酿酒葡萄剪枝作业的时间利用率86.4%时,机具的平均作业效率为0.05 hm2/h。该机具的各项性能指标均达到了设计要求,可有效地调节酿酒葡萄修剪的高度和宽度,并且具有自动避障功能,割刀转速2 000~3 000 r/min,作业速度1.0~5.0 km/h时,可以获得较高的枝条剪断率。 相似文献
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PM-1200型悬挂式葡萄埋藤机研制 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对新疆兵团葡萄产业发展所面临的问题,通过分析对比国内外葡萄埋藤技术与装备的特点,综合考虑新疆葡萄种植模式以及葡萄埋藤农艺要求,研制出了基于单独“片块状式传动带”和新型“换向齿箱”结构的PM-1200型悬挂式葡萄埋藤机,实现了葡萄埋藤的机械化作业,解决了葡萄安全越冬问题.该机结构合理,工作平稳,性能可靠,操作省力,埋土集中.田间作业检测结果表明:该机作业取土厚度98 mm,作业取土宽度1 227mm,埋藤工作截面积0.25 m2,作业速度2.02km/h,纯小时生产率0.707hm2/h. 相似文献
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根系分区交替滴灌条件下葡萄根系分布特征及生长动态 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
采用原位取土法和根系生态监测系统连续两年研究了葡萄的根系空间分布和全生育期根系生长动态,结果表明:葡萄根系在水平方向主要分布在距离树干100 cm的范围内,占到总根系的80%以上,而且在径向方向呈指数衰减;葡萄根系在垂直方向主要分布在0~60 cm范围的土层内,占到总根系的75%以上.根系分区交替滴灌条件下干燥区与湿润区根系生长是不同的,葡萄的新生根系受到土壤水分条件的限制和自身生长的影响.在整个生育期,葡萄根系分区交替滴灌两侧根系生长均呈抛物线变化. 相似文献
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Nitrate leaching was studied for 2 years in a structured clay soil (Evesham series) under grass, winter wheat and spring barley at N fertilizer inputs of 135–144 kg ha?1 year?1. Measurements of soil water to 2 m depth by neutron probe showed that the year could be divided into well defined periods of deficit, separated by a period when the soil was at its winter mean water content. Soil water potentials showed very little gradient for water flow below 1 m, and a persistent convergent zero flux plane at 40–60 cm depth during the autumn wetting-up period (September—November).Nitrate concentration in the drainage increased with discharge rates up to 3–6 mm day?1. Mean nitrate concentrations were generally highest during intermittent drain-flow in the autumn. Of the total N leached over the 2 years, 23 to 28% (5–7 kg N ha?1) was lost during this period. The remainder (13–25 kg N ha?1) was leached during winter and virtually no N was lost in the following spring-early summer. This seasonal pattern of N leaching was interpreted in terms of intermittent flow during rainfall of nitrate-rich water from surface layers, which bypassed the relatively dry soil matrix at 40–60 cm, but was intercepted by natural and artificial drainage channels. Implications for the prediction of N leaching loss based on the concept of excess winter rainfall are discussed. When predicting the start of N leaching in structured clay soils, the soil water status should be assessed from measurements of water potential rather than water content. 相似文献
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Evapotranspiration of orange trees in greenhouse lysimeters 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Eight-year-old Murcott orange trees (Citrus sinensis (L.) Murcott) grown in greenhouse lysimeters filled with sandy soil were used to investigate seasonal variations in daily and hourly evapotranspiration. The study was conducted in Japan during the summer of 2000 and the winter of 2001. Weighing lysimeters of 1.5 m diameter and 1.6 m depth (three replications) planted with a tree were irrigated when average soil moisture in 0-120 cm of soil depth was depleted to below 70% of the field capacity (FC). Evapotranspiration (ET) showed significant seasonal variations. Average ET rate exceeded 4.4 mm/day in the summer period, and dropped to 0.6 mm/day in the winter months. The average seasonal crop coefficient (KC) was 0.91 and 0.75 during the summer and winter periods, respectively. Hourly variations in ET exhibited a time difference with season. The time of maximum ET was 0900 hours for winter and 1200 hours for summer. Moreover, some evaporative losses of soil water occurred even during the night in both summer and winter seasons. Soil evaporation (E) was 33% of ET during the winter period, while E was only 11% of ET during summer. Maximum water uptake by the trees was found at a depth of 30-60 cm, and soil water depletion was observed in the 0-120 cm depth of the profile during the summer period. However, during the winter season, water depletion occurred only from 0-30 cm depth of the soil profile. 相似文献