5T-200型油棕果脱果机的研制

针对目前我国油棕产业刚起步急需小型棕榈油加工设备的现状,自行研制了5T-200型油棕果脱果机。该机具有使用方便,结构简单,拆卸方便,易于加工制造及后续改进的特点。为此,主要介绍了5T-200型油棕果脱果机的工作原理,结构特点,主要技术参数以及安装使用的要点等。     

6YL-180型油棕果榨油机的研制

针对目前我国油棕产业刚起步而缺少小型油棕榨油设备的现状,自行研制了6YL-180型油棕果榨油机.该机具有结构简单、拆卸方便、易于加工制造及后续改进的特点.为此,介绍了6YL-180型油棕果榨油机的工作原理、结构特点、设计参数的选择及主要技术参数等.     

蒸汽加热油棕果捣碎机的研制

针对目前我国油棕产业刚起步急需小型棕榈油加工设备的现状,设计研制了一种蒸汽加热油棕果捣碎机。该机具有使用方便、结构简单、拆卸方便、易于加工制造及后续改进等特点。主要介绍了蒸汽加热油棕果捣碎机的工作原理、结构特点、主要技术参数以及安装使用性能等。     

螺旋弓齿式全喂入花生摘果机方案与摘果装置研究

为丰富我国的花生收获机械,研制了螺旋弓齿式全喂入花生摘果机。介绍摘果机的设计方案及原理,探讨其主要结构及装置(摘果装置、传动机构、凹板筛)的设计思路。对花生植株在摘果滚筒中的受力进行分析,总结其在滚筒中的受力及运动特点。     

全喂入式花生摘果机摘果滚筒改进设计方案

摘果滚筒是全喂入式花生摘果机的主要工作部件,决定机具的作业质量。针对现有花生摘果机滚筒结构在设计及使用中存在的问题,系统地提出改进优化方案,为优化全喂入式花生摘果机的摘果滚筒结构提供参考。     

5TH-1．5花生摘果机

5TH-1．5型花生摘果机设计紧凑、效率高、功耗低、破碎率小、适于清脱，脱出的茎杆比较完整，是花生种植大户和加工专业户的理想机具。     

花生生产机械化技术与配套机具(三)

花生摘果机包括简单的手摇摘果机、与发动机配套的摘果机、拖拉机配套的摘果机和电动机配套的摘果机。花生摘果机的结构比较简单,其主要工作部件一般由弹齿滚筒、滚筒筛、固定弹齿、风扇等组成。无论配套什么动力,其工作原理都是相同的,均采用蓖梳式摘果原理。花生由喂入口喂入,在滚筒弹齿和滚筒筛的共同作用下,花生果与花生秧分离,花生秧由排杂口排出,花生果通过筛网流下的过程中,杂质被风扇吹走,由接果口排出。目前有一些花生摘果机可以摘湿果,但摘湿果易造成鲜嫩荚果的破碎,在情况许可的情况下,应凉晒后摘果。花生摘果机使用注意事项一是…     

花生生产机械化技术与配套机具（二）

花生果机包括简单的手摇果机、与发动机配套的果机、拖拉机配套的果机和电动机配套的果机。花生果机的结构比较简单．其主要工作部件一般由弹齿滚筒、滚筒筛、固定弹齿、风扇等组成。无论配套什么动力，其工作原理都是相同的，均采用蓖梳式果原理。     

一种简易油棕果加热捣碎分离机的设计

简易油棕果加热捣碎分离机是根据我国热带地区油棕种植多丘陵造成种植规模小且分散的实际情况而设计的一种新型小型杀酵设备.其具有结构设计制造简单,操作方便,成本低廉,易于运输、维修、保养,适合我国棕油分散加工作业需要,生产效率≥200kg/h.为此,阐述了简易油棕果加热捣碎分离机的设计思想和结构原理,介绍了其技术参数,为小型油棕果加热捣碎分离设备的研制提供参考依据.     

大余农民青睐花生摘果机

为了改度落后的生产方式,江西省大余县农机局从高安市引进了新型“丰收—100型”生摘果机5台,分别投放在新城、青龙两镇。该机工作可靠、生产效率高、适应性广、经久耐用经过技术推广人员试验、演示之后,效果较为理想,生产效率0.06～0.13hm /h。花生摘果机的推 2广,大幅度提高了劳动生产效率,推动了全县花生产业的发展和促进农业结构大余农民青睐花生摘果机@罗永平     

棕榈油滤油机的选型分析

根据与小型棕榈油提取加工设备配套的要求,为除去棕榈油毛油中含有的水分和杂质,得到洁净的棕榈油清油,针对棕榈油的特性及压榨棕榈油的特点,分析现有主要几种不同类型滤油机的工作形式及其优缺点,选择适宜的棕榈油过滤机。     

小型卧式油棕杀酵设备的总体设计

卧式油棕杀酵设备是根据我国油棕种植地区多丘陵造成种植规模小且分散的实际情况而设计的一种新型小型杀酵设备。其具有结构设计制造简单,操作方便,成本低廉,易于维修、保养,适合农村分散加工棕油作业需要,生产效率≥250kg/h。为此,阐述了小型卧式油棕杀酵设备的设计思想和结构原理,介绍了其技术参数,为小型卧式油棕杀酵设备的研制提供参考依据。     

小型螺旋式油棕果榨油机的研制与试验研究

针对目前我国油棕产业刚起步而缺少小型油棕榨油设备的现状,在分析螺旋压榨原理的基础上,自行设计并研制了小型螺旋式油棕果榨油机。为验证设计的合理性和实用性,对其进行了性能试验研究,并对所得棕油进行了检测和分析。结果表明,样机性能达到设计指标,具有实用性。     

Mechanised production system of oil palm produce in Nigeria: A preliminary study on the establishment of location-allocation models

This paper describes a basic study preceding the establishment of location-allocation models for a government-controlled agricultural industry. The need to develop an efficient and low cost production system for the Nigerian oil palm industry is established. The peculiar handling techniques of oil palm produce are outlined and the requirement of location-allocation models for this industry is discussed. Data were collected in Nigeria and the relevant cost and distance functions were developed for the models.It is necessary to emphasise that this paper contains the pre-requisites for the establishment of location-allocation models. The techniques for establishing these models have been discussed by the author elsewhere.     

The traditional system of oil palm wine production in Igbo Eze local government area of Anambra state of Nigeria

This study was carried out in the Igbo Eze Local Government Area of the Anambra State of Nigeria, approximately 100 km from Enugu, the state capital. Four of the sixteen communities that make up the Local Government Area were selected by random sampling. From each of the four communities, a village was selected at random and from each of those four villages, a random sample of fifty farmers was drawn.The system of oil palm wine production in the area of study can be described as traditional in the sence that it is based on methods which have been in operation for generations. The palms available for tapping are the wild palms, most of which are old and of dwindling productivity.Empirical evidence showed that the tappers had not been exposed to any changes in organisational structure or institutions concerned with the oil palm smallholder rehabilitation scheme which could be utilised to improve the productivity of their palms. Nonetheless, the traditional system provides the farmer-tappers with some means of livelihood.Being market-oriented, the farmers are keen on adopting innovations which promise increased palm wine yields and increased farm incomes. Government assistance, through the provision of credit on liberal terms to enable the farmers to improve and modernise their holdings, as well as the introduction of new oil palm varieties with increased yield potential, should be considered.     

Making a living: Land pressures and changing livelihood strategies among oil palm settlers in Papua New Guinea

Since the establishment of oil palm land settlement schemes (LSSs) in West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea, the settler population has increased significantly as second-generation settlers marry and raise families on their parents’ blocks. We explore how settlers are responding to demographic and socio-economic change in an environment in which opportunities for land-use change are limited. In the context of rising population pressure, LSS smallholders are developing innovative livelihood strategies by pursuing non-farm income sources, increasing food production, acquiring additional land and migration. The type of migration or land accumulation strategy depends on household access to various resources, especially social and kinship networks, and capital. Agricultural extension and rural development policies have not yet responded to this socio-agronomic transformation. We conclude that economic diversification amongst smallholders creates new opportunities for the oil palm industry to formulate more innovative and sustainable policies that strengthen the oil palm industry in PNG while facilitating broad-based rural development.     

A location-allocation model for the Nigerian oil palm industry assuming an infinite location space

Nigeria, which has, until recently, been a major exporter of palm oil, is at present unable to meet the demand for domestic consumption. Government oil plantations have therefore been established to increase production of oil. These new plantations require processing units to be installed in order to extract the oil from the fruits that are produced.This paper describes the development and application of a model which determines the number, sizes and locations of these new processing units in order to minimise the combined costs of transportation and processing. The model assumes that processing units can be located anywhere in an infinite location space.The results of a sensitivity analysis are also presented. These indicate the relative insensitivity of the solution to possible future changes in factors affecting the location-allocation decisions.     

棕榈油基可生物降解润滑剂的制备

为制备可生物降解的润滑剂，该文以棕榈油为原料制备三羟甲基丙烷三酯，用气相内标法测定三酯的生成率。通过响应面优化后，三酯的生成率最高为88.75%，经分子蒸馏后，三酯的纯度为98.6%，结构经红外光谱和质谱表征。以分子蒸馏后的产品为基础油，PB-1300（聚异丁烯）、T803B（聚α-烯烃）、BHT（2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚）和司苯-80（山梨糖醇单甘油酯）为添加剂，复配得到成品润滑剂。该润滑剂除低温性能与抗氧化能力较差外，具有很好的黏温性能和安全稳定性、无毒且易生物降解。     

Hydrological impact of biofuel production: A case study of the Khlong Phlo Watershed in Thailand

This study evaluates the potential impact of increased biofuel production on the hydrology of a small watershed, Khlong Phlo, in the eastern part of Thailand. The water footprint of biofuel energy was estimated for three crops in order to identify the most water-efficient crop. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to evaluate the impact of land use change (LUC) caused by the expansion of biofuel crops on the components of water balance and water quality in the studied watershed. Several LUC scenarios consisting of oil palm (biodiesel), cassava and sugarcane (bio-ethanol) expansion were evaluated. The water footprint results indicated that cassava is more water-efficient than the other two crops considered. Simulation results revealed that although oil palm expansion would have negligible alteration in evapotranspiration (0.5 to 1.6%) and water yield (−0.5 to −1.1%), there would be an increased nitrate loading (1.3 to 51.7%) to the surface water. On the contrary, expansion of cassava and sugarcane would decrease evapotranspiration (0.8 to 11.8%) and increase water yield (1.6 to 18.0%), which would lead to increased sediment (10.9 to 91.5%), nitrate (1.9 to 44.5%) and total phosphorus (15.0 to 165.0%) loading to surface water. Based on the results, it can be concluded that land use change for biodiesel production would affect water quality, while both the water balance components and water quality would be affected by the expansion of bio-ethanol crops. Overall, the study indicates that biofuel production would have a negative impact on the water quality of the studied watershed. Further research at large scale (e.g. basin level) and on the economic aspect is recommended, in order to contribute to developing suitable land use and energy policies.