强潮河口排涝闸下游双丁坝防冲减淤措施研究

在综合分析钱塘江河口北岸水泥沙运动特性的基础上，提出在强潮河口排涝闸下游利用双丁坝进行防冲减瘀的方案，并利用水流数学模型模拟分析了水同布置方案工程前后水流特性、闸下游水流流态、丁坝间流速变化、排水出流与附近边滩水流相互作用情况，推断出丁坝附近的冲淤情况，从而为闸下游选择适合的河宽（丁坝间距）和丁坝长工提供依据。     

面向闸墩设计的AD模块研制开发

针对水工建筑物构件类型繁多和设计计算的复杂性，以闸墩的设计计算为例，应用Visual C++面向对象的开发技术，以及其强大的图形函数功能和方便友好的界面,探讨了水工建筑物构件CAD模块的研制开发。     

取放表层水同轴联动闸

为了生产出一种结构简单、维修方便、运行可靠、功能多、投资省的取放水库表层水的设备－－同轴联动闸，以汽轮机开关理论和机械行程开关理论为基础，通过水力计算和结构设计，确定了水工建筑物和启闭机、闭轴，并对整套设备的工作原理及操作方法进行了阐述。     

面向闸墩设计的CAD模块研制开发

针对水工建筑物构件类型繁多和设计计算的复杂性,以闸墩的设计计算为例,应用Visual C++面向对象的开发技术,以及其强大的图形函数功能和方便友好的界面,探讨了水工建筑物构件CAD模块的研制开发.     

平面二维数模研究闸下淤积的缺陷

以姚江大闸和武障河闸为例，对河口水域建闸后的闸下淤积的机理进行了研究。通过应用二维悬沙模型的模拟计算，分析了数学模型在模拟近闸段的淤积时存在的缺陷，对产生问题的原因进行了初步探讨。由于闸下淤积问题存在明显的时空性和区域性特征，应积极研究解决措施。     

闸墩式量水槽试验研究

研究渠道量水设施对灌区节水、实现水资源高效可持续利用具有重要意义,在满足量水所要求的条件下,应优先选用水工建筑物量水.针对闸墩兼作量水槽并能结合闸门以实现联合测流的要求,提出一种闸墩式量水槽.选择8种收缩比和3种槽长在矩形渠道中进行了系统试验.结果表明.无量纲教Kc/Kc和H/Bc高度相关,根据理论分析和室内试验得出的流量公式简明实用,自由出流时流量计算最大相对误差3.59%.闸墩式量水槽临界淹没度可达0.91,增加量水槽长度会增大相应量水槽的临界淹没度.控制收缩比为0.49～0.65时可得到较好的量水效果.     

灌区引水口过闸流量计算方法比较

灌区中利用水工建筑物量水是一种简便而经济的方法，如何由实测的水位、闸位信息计算出流量是利用建筑物进行量水的关键问题。以某引黄灌区的取水闸为例，研究了三种计算流量的方法：传统的流量系数函数法、平均值法和新兴的人工神经网络方法。经对比发现，基于水位流量关系原理的流量系数函数法计算结果最为准确。     

水电站预应力闸墩三维有限元分析

某水电站溢流坝闸墩承受的荷载以及结构较为复杂，工作弧门推力达18009KN。为了准确了解堰体、闸墩、锚块在各典型运行工况下应力情况，采用三维有限元方法，对该水电站溢洪道控制段预应力中墩进行了整体空间应力与变形分析，得到典型工况下结构的整体位移、变形和结构各重要部位的应力分布规律。研究结果表明预应力闸墩具有整体稳定性，在各种荷载组合效应下整个墩体的应力和变形分布满足设计要求，并根据计算成果评价了混凝土结构的预应力效果。     

万安水电站底孔坝段闸墩裂缝研究

采用三维有限元方法对底孔闸墩裂缝成因进行了分析研究，考虑了各种可能产生裂缝的影响因素，并对温降进行了敏感性分析。研究结果表明：闸墩在正常的结构荷载作用下不会产生裂缝，温度骤降是产生裂缝的根本原因。     

安徽省淮北市“引闸入化”引水工程即将开工

目前,安徽省淮北市最大的水利项目工程化家湖引闸(闸河)入化(化家湖)工程已经省计委、省水利厅正式批准实施,计划总投资30 97万元,项目资金已落实到位,招投标等前期工作也已结束,工程即将破土动工。“引闸入化”是化家湖综合治理项目的一期工程,该项目工程将按5 0年一遇防洪、30 m3/ s引水流量的标准设计,并按30 0年一遇洪水标准校核。其主要工程:开凿穿山隧洞、修建引水渠道、加固整修大坝和兴建引洪闸、泄洪闸、滚水坝及进行库区清理、防渗和配套机电设备、增加管理设施。综合治理项目工程集防洪、排涝、蓄水、灌溉、水产养殖、生态旅游等…     

液压技术在电站尾水闸门止水中的应用

当水电站尾水位高于厂房地平面时，如果尾水闸门不能止水，势必影响电站的检修和安全。将液压技术应用于尾水闸门的止水，是解决这个问题的有效办法，并就此介绍了隆回县木瓜山水库一级电站尾水闸门应用液压止水装置的结构原理、主要技术参数、操作方法和应用效果。     

农田土壤中土壤水渗漏与硝态氮淋失的模拟研究

应用HYDRUS-1D模型对黄淮海平原的主要土壤(黄潮土和风沙土)中水分与硝态氮的垂直运移规律进行了模拟分析。对模型参数的敏感性分析表明:饱和水力传导度是最敏感的参数,饱和含水量的敏感性次之。数值模拟结果表明:该地区在传统水氮管理制度下,土壤水渗漏和硝态氮淋失非常严重;全耕作年风沙土的土壤水渗漏大于黄潮土,分别为34.3cm和22.7cm,占灌水量的42.1%和74.6%;风沙土的硝态氮淋失大于黄潮土,分别为108.0kg/hm和76.6kg/hm,占总输入氮量的25.3%、14.3%。     

闸门喷水润滑自动控制系统

针对闸门人工喷水润滑启闭过程中出现的现象,详细介绍了闸门喷水润滑自制系统机械和电气的设计原理和设备组成。采用瞬时工作制电动机的设计方法来选搅拌电机,给出了电气控制接线国科,进行了可靠性设计,并画出了控制过程软件流程框图,该系统在闸门的自动启闭过程中具有广泛的应用前景。     

分水枢纽水力设计中的几个问题

结合引额济克工程西干渠黄花沟分水枢纽水力学模型试验 ,说明分水枢纽中的水流是典型的三元空间水流 ,其调度运行是一个由非恒定流转化为恒定流的过程。在此基础上 ,对分水枢纽水力设计中实现分水比例的调控措施、水面曲线、流速分布和水流平面形态、设置消力池的必要性以及改善水流形态的管理措施等几个方面的问题进行了探讨 ,可供工程设计时参考     

Drainage models to predict soil water regimes in drained soils: a UK perspective

Drainage is an intervention in the natural hydrology of the soil to alter the duration of adverse (waterlogged) soil conditions. The effects of drainage can be investigated by models that predict the position of the water table at a site in the presence of drainage. An inter-related series of models, which include the van Schilfgaarde non-steady state model, that have been used in the UK for the evaluation of drainage design options, are described. A simplified form of the van Schilfgaarde equation is presented, equivalent to a standard time series model, allowing both the efficient implementation of the model, and the inverse use of the model to derive performance parameters from observational data using statistical methods. A sensitivity analysis is used to investigate the relative importance of the two soil parameters, drainable porosity and soil hydraulic conductivity, on the performance of the model. This shows a far greater effect due to the variation of hydraulic conductivity.The use of a similar model to predict water tables in non-homogeneous soils has also been explored, including the investigation of a two-phase model to describe water movement in soils which are dominated by macropores. More useful, however, is the prediction of water table fluctuations in soils in which the soil hydraulic conductivity is a continuous function of soil depth, using the drainage theory of Youngs (1965). Solutions are presented for the logarithm of the hydraulic conductivity varying linearly with depth. The improvement in model performance is however gained at the expense of an additional parameter that describes the variation of hydraulic conductivity with depth. Some methods for deriving this parameter are discussed. Results from the use of this model are compared with those derived from the simple uniform conductivity model, showing superior performance.Lastly, the issue of soil lateral heterogeneity and the replicability of measurements is discussed. A detailed study of the variation of water table levels from a replicated drainage experiment indicates that in a practical situation very real limits exist on the accurate measurement of water tables, and that these present limits on our ability to verify models.     

平原河网一维水流计算模型在洪水期和枯水期的应用

平原河网在洪水期注重行洪要求,在枯水期要提供一定的用水功能,不同时期的水流变化具有不同的特点,需要了解水流的变化规律以调控河网水位。河网一维水动力模型作为水流模拟的基础,在洪水期和枯水期的边界条件及过流工程的运行方式差异明显,应该综合加以考虑,在洪水水流模型的基础上,对枯水水流模型进行相应局部调整,以适应边界条件的变化状况。通过建立的河网水动力计算模型,结合不同水文时期河网与概化湖泊的水量交换以及边界条件的变化,对研究区实际发生的洪水和枯水水流进行模拟验证。计算分析表明,模型能够适应不同时期的水动力计算要求,且精度相对较高,为平原河网在急流和缓流不同状态下的稳健交替模拟以及普适性研究提供了基础。     

Farm salinity appraisal with water reuse

The need for a better understanding of the interaction between irrigation practices and the elevation and quality of the water table is of paramount importance for developing irrigation management strategies to ameliorate the regional problems of elevated saline water tables in the San Joaquin Valley, California. An area of approximately 3000 ha which includes portions of the Diener Ranch and the adjacent University of California, Westside Research and Extension Center, located south of Five Points in the Westlands Water District on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley was chosen for extensive field measurements. Field work consisted of four main activities namely, field instrumentation, collection of records of field activities, periodic data collection, and analyses of field data. Field measurements of water table carried out during 1994 indicated that the water table elevation was sensitive to the irrigation practices. There was a general increase in the area with a water table close to the surface during the irrigation season, and a return to water table elevations similar to the starting conditions at the end of the season. During the study period, the surface water quality deteriorated more in areas irrigated with reuse water and persisted through the end of the season. Depth averaged electrical conductivity for the study area over 6.5 m decreased between December 1993 and December 1994. Vertical hydraulic gradients in the saturated zone, were found to be an order of magnitude larger than horizontal gradients. The direction of vertical gradients changed, with downward gradients following pre-irrigations and upward gradients later in the season, when crop water requirements increased. Based on the results of the field study, it can be concluded that the irrigation management practices have a direct effect on local water table response as well as on water quality. Therefore, irrigation practices that promote less deep percolation losses may be helpful in controlling the water table rise.     

EPC总承包模式在水利工程中的应用

针对水利工程的施工特点,EPC总承包模式在水利工程中的应用进行了分析探讨,对于进一步提高EPC总承包模式在水利工程中的应用具有一定借鉴意义。     

纯水液压控制阀的现状研究

对比油压带来的不利因素,对水液压元器件进行简要介绍的同时并对纯水液压控制阀的研究现状进行相关的论述。主要分析国内外纯水液压控制阀的研究现状,针对纯水液压控制阀研制的关键技术要求提出相关的解决方案。简要介绍了几种典型纯水液压控制阀的研究。     

纯水液压控制阀的现状研究

对比油压带来的不利因素,对水液压元器件进行简要介绍的同时并对纯水液压控制阀的研究现状进行相关的论述.主要分析国内外纯水液压控制阀的研究现状,针对纯水液压控制阀研制的关键技术要求提出相关的解决方案.简要介绍了几种典型纯水液压控制阀的研究.