Development of Heat Tolerant Two-Line Hybrid Rice Restorer Line Carrying Dominant Locus of OsHTAS

In order to create novel germplasm resources for breeding heat tolerant variety,we transferred a dominant allele OsHTAS,previously characterized and cloned from a high-temperature tolerant local variety HT54,which was collected from the rice production area of southern China,into a high-temperature sensitive intermediate breeding line HT13 through six rounds of successive backcross by using marker-assisted selection.The molecular analysis showed that the recovery of genetic background of a resultant near isogenic line(NIL),MHT13,was around 99.8%.The OsHTAS gene introduced in the MHT13 expressed normally in the HT13 genetic background,mediating heat tolerance and phenotype similar to those of the donor parent HT54.The major agronomic traits of MHT13 resembled those of the recurrent parent HT13.Moreover,MHT13 had high general combining ability and its rice quality reached the grade 3 standard of edible high-quality rice issued by Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China,which greatly improved its application value in rice production.     

安化山区稻象甲为害猖獗原因与防治对策

多年的调查表明,稻田周围植被覆盖率高,越冬及栖息场所复杂,一季稻面积大,抗药性强,虫口密度高等是稻象甲为害猖獗的主要原因。铲除田边、沟边杂草,多犁多耙,单季改双季,糖醋液毒杀,点灯诱杀成虫,艾美乐防治成虫,克百威防治幼虫,是较为有效的防控措施。     

全国烤烟良种区域试验的现状与问题探讨

阐述并探讨了全国烤烟良种区域试验的现状,对全国烤烟良种从区试组织管理、方法、试验设计和试验布局等方面作了综述,指出了区试中存在的如对照品种、统一密码编号等方面的问题,并对今后工作提出了建议。     

各地春茶行情

四川:受2008年1月份的大雪影响,四川各地虽然受到不同程度的影响,但是3月初开始不少地区已经开始生产新茶。3月3日,四川雅安的春茶已经开始进行交易,大概为150元/斤左右,一位茶商说,去年的茶价每     

被茶叶改变的山乡

湄潭,没有地下矿产资源,一度是个农业穷县。但,她也受到上天另一种恩赐:得天独厚的气候和地理位置,土壤等自然条件极宜于绿茶的生长。近日,记者走访湄潭的乡村发现,青青茶叶,换来了山乡巨变;青青茶叶,成为当地百姓脱贫致富的重要资本,成为万千农民最大的骄傲。     

优质旱稻新品种中旱209的选育及应用

中旱209是中国水稻研究所选育的旱稻新品种,其生育期适中,抗旱性中等,米质优,产量较高,适应性较广,适合在长江中下游以及华南、西南等缺水或干旱、易旱的地区种植。     

Introgression of Two Drought QTLs into FUNAABOR-2 Early Generation Backcross Progenies Under Drought Stress at Reproductive Stage

FUNAABOR-2 is a popular Ofada rice variety grown in a large area under rainfed upland condition across western states of Nigeria. We used the combination of phenotypic and marker-assisted selection(MAS) to improve grain yield of FUNAABOR-2 under drought stress(DS) at the reproductive stage via introgression of two drought quantitative trait loci(QTLs), qDTY12.1 and qDTY2.3. Foreground selection was carried out using peak markers RM511 and RM250, associated with qDTY12.1 and qDTY2.3, respectively, followed by recombinant selection with RM28099 and RM1261 distally flanking qDTY12.1. Furthermore, BC1 F2-derived introgressed lines and their parents were evaluated under DS and non-stress(NS) conditions during the 2015–2016 dry season. Overall reduction of grain yield under DS compared to NS was recorded. Introgressed lines with qDTY12.1 and qDTY2.3 combinations showed higher yield potential compared to lines with single or no QTL under DS, indicating significant positive interactions between the two QTLs under the FUNAABOR-2 genetic background. Pyramiding of qDTY12.1 and qDTY2.3 in the FUNAABOR-2 genetic background led to higher grain yield production under DS and NS.     

豫西南棉区黄(红)叶枯病的发生与防治措施

棉黄红叶枯病(红叶茎枯病)是一种生理性病害,豫西南棉区每年都有不同程度发生[1],但大面积种植抗虫棉后,该病害呈逐年上升、危害加重趋势.该种病害发生在棉花生长中后期,常与枯黄萎病混生,其症状与黄萎病相似,主要区别是剖视茎秆或叶柄,导管变褐色为黄萎病,导管不变色为黄(红)叶枯病[2].     

先杂棉1号种植的气象条件与栽培技术

笔者于2006年在植棉老农曹灯元的高产示范田据实地观测,该农户试种先杂棉1号表现十分突出,子棉产量达7 626 kg/hm2。综合其田间长势和考种结果表明,该品种长势强、后劲足、易早发、不早衰、棉铃大、衣分高、品质优。且前期营养生长势比较旺盛,上桃相对较分散,盛结伏桃,猛结早秋桃。深受农民群众欢迎,值得推广。1试验概况试种地点定在都昌县蔡岭镇东风村曹炎自然村,棉田灌溉条件较好,土地肥沃的红壤地,在油菜收获后及时移栽棉花。试验于4月4日播种,4月24日移栽,6月15日现蕾,6月20日进入盛蕾期,6月30日始花,8月7日打顶,8月26日吐絮,全生育期13…     

陇南茶医生态茶园建设模式初探

甘肃省的茶树规模化栽培历史可追溯到上世纪50年代.为发展茶叶生产,就近解决西北地区,特别是少数民族地区的饮茶需求,1958年国家民族事务委员会和农业部委派中国农业科学院茶叶研究所的专家,专程来到与陕南茶区和川北茶区毗邻的甘肃省陇南市考察.     

条锈菌诱导下的小麦叶片总RNA提取方法的比较及LD-PCR扩增

为寻找一种既能提取到高质量高产量小麦RNA、又能提取到高质量条锈菌RNA的方法,利用Trizol法、Licl法、SDS法和Bizol法分别从条锈菌诱导的小麦叶片中提取了总RNA,并对Trizol法和Bizol法提取的RNA进行了长距离PCR(LD-PCR)扩增.结果表明,Trizol法、Licl法、SDS法和Bizol法提取的RNA产量(μg/100 mg鲜重叶片)分别为4.72、1.15、1.56、10.43 μg/100 mg,Trizol法和Bizol法提取的RNA产量明显高于Licl法和SDS法.Trizol法提取的RNA合成的cDNA片段大小主要集中在0.25～2.0 kb范围内,而Bizol法提取的RNA合成的cDNA片段大小主要集中在0.5～5.0 kb范围内,Bizol法提取的RNA反转录合成的cDNA质量好于Trizol法.Bizol法同样能提取到高质量的条锈菌RNA,而且提取RNA的成本较低.综合各种因素,Bizol法是条锈菌诱导下的小麦叶片总RNA提取的较理想方法.     

京城茶馆名考

随着经济的发展,人们不再仅仅满足于物质层面的需求,进而追求更高层次的精神享受。茶馆便有如雨后春笋般遍布京城。笔者每遇见一个茶馆,若观其名清新儒雅,便每每录入手机。几年下来,不觉已有百十余家。好的名字虽多为一面之缘,却往往一名惊人,让人过目不忘。即便因各种原因而虽不能至,却不论其经营如何,仅名字所营造的那样的意境就让人心向往之。每每翻看手机中的这些茶     

Preparation and bioactivity evaluation of low salt peptide from sunf lower seed meal

Sunflower seed meal peptide as one sort of bioactive peptide has intensively application prospects. However, preparation of low salt peptide from sunflower seed meal with high efficiency remains a challenge. In this study, single and compound proteases were optimized to hydrolyze protein. Results showed that hydrolysis at pH 7.0 by proteases resulted in ash content in the range of 5.66%-7.37% and small peptides. Among all hydrolysis processes, sequential hydrolysis of Alcalase with Flavourzyme and Alcalase with Protamex showed higher nitrogen recovery ratio (67.66% and 66.49%, respectively). Furthermore, biological activities of peptides were investigated by testing their ABTS (2,2-azinobis (3-ethylben-zothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) radical scavenging activity, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil) radical scavenging activity and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. Peptide hydrolyzed by Alcalase with Papain presented the highest antioxidant activity, followed by Alcalase with Protamex, with ABTS scavenging rate as 63.01% and 31.75%, and DPPH scavenging rate as 56.04% and 28.06%, respectively. Synchronously, peptide hydrolyzed by Alcalase with Protamex and Alcalase with Alcalase had the highest ACE inhibitory activity (56.74%, 56.76%). In conclusion, hydrolysis by proteases Alcalase with Protamex at pH 7.0 was the most effective method for the preparation of low salt peptide from sunflower seed meal, which could be an alternative for anti-oxidants and anti-vasoconstrictor.     

稻田引种优质糯玉米的产量、效益及高产技术

随着农业产业结构的调整,浙江省稻田种植结构也发生变化 ,种植制度由以往的“麦 (油 ) -稻 -稻”为主的种植模式逐渐转变成以“经济作物 -水稻”为主的格局 ,单季晚稻种植面积由20世纪90年代初的20万hm2左右扩大到73.4万hm2以上。为了实现单季晚稻稻田种植模式的高产高效 ,我们于2003年春季开展优质糯玉米引种试验。参试的品种有 :苏玉糯1号 (江苏里下河农科所选育 )、苏玉糯2号 (江苏里下河农科所选育 )、丽人都市 (甘肃农科院选育 )。试验设3次重复 ,随机区组排列 ,小区种植面积60m2。一、产量性状本试验结果表明 ,稻田引种优质糯玉米品种…     

甘露糖对小麦不同外植体愈伤诱导及生长的影响

为了给以磷酸甘露糖异构酶基因作为筛选标记的小麦遗传转化提供资料,以小麦栽培品种扬麦158和华麦13的茎尖、叶基、成熟胚为外植体,研究了不同甘露糖浓度对这些外植体愈伤组织诱导和生长培养的影响.结果表明,10 g/L的甘露糖使茎尖的出苗和生根受到明显抑制,而茎尖幼苗对甘露糖的耐受力较强,15 g/L甘露糖才能有效抑制幼苗生长.叶基在5 g/L甘露糖时,其愈伤组织诱导率降低55%,而成熟胚在10或15 g/L甘露糖时的愈伤组织诱导率与叶基在5 g/L甘露糖时相当.这些结果说明,在以小麦叶基、茎尖和成熟胚为外植体的PMI/甘露糖筛选中,可分别以5、10、15 g/L甘露糖作为筛选压.另外,培养时间不同的外植体或培养物对甘露糖敏感性不同,在培养早期阶段筛选时,可选较低的甘露糖筛选压,而在后期培养阶段进行筛选时,可适当提高筛选压.     

赣北棉区棉花无土与营养钵育苗移栽比较试验

通过无土育苗和营养钵育苗移栽试验比较,可以看出,同期同密度移栽的营养钵育苗明显强于无土育苗,同密度无土育苗第1批移栽明显强于第2批移栽,而同期移栽的不同密度无土育苗之间,在适当密度范围内,随着密度的增加,产量和效益有递增的趋势.建议江西省无土育苗移栽期应在5月10日前,移栽密度以2.7万株/hm2～3.0万株/hm2为宜.     

不同栽培方式下小麦灌浆期群体素质的研究

为进一步明确小麦垄作栽培的增产机理,以济麦20号为供试品种,于灌浆中期对垄作小麦和平作小麦分别进行大田层切,研究了垄作栽培对小麦灌浆中期群体素质的影响.结果表明,与传统平作栽培相比,垄作栽培条件下,小麦灌浆中期群体从底部到顶部各层次相对光强增加,以40～50 cm增加幅度最大,群体内光分布得到优化;各层次单位面积功能叶片(绿色叶片)、功能叶鞘(绿色叶鞘)和茎秆干重增加,枯叶片干重减少,尤以中、下部较为明显;穗层上部穗干重大幅度增加,下落穗减少,穗层整齐.这些群体指标的改善,证明垄作栽培麦田群体素质较高,有利于高产低耗目标的实现.     

杂交晚籼秋优998的选育与应用

弱感光型晚籼品种是我国华南地区历史上晚稻生产的一种生态型 ,在我国两广和海南的晚稻生产中是不可缺少的一种类型,但因米质较差 ,效益较低 ,限制了其进一步的发展和利用。为此 ,作者围绕改良品质 ,开展了优质新组合的选育研究 ,育成了秋优998。秋优998表现出优质高产 ,抗稻瘟病等特点 ,在生产上取得了显著的经济效益 ,并于2002年2月通过广东省农作物品种审定。一、选育经过1995年早季开始利用广恢3550、珍桂矮、明恢63、836和BG选2等亲缘关系的中间育种材料R1361和R1333进行复合杂交和人工定向选择 ,F1 代以母本做对照单株植 ,成熟期混…     

Cotton germplasm improvement and progress in Pakistan

Cotton(Gossypium spp.)contributes significantly to the economy of cotton-producing countries.Pakistan is the fourth-largest producer of cotton after China,the USA and India.The average yield of cotton is about 570.99 kg.hm^?2 in Pakistan.Climate change and different biotic stresses are causing reduction in cotton production.Transgenic approaches have unique advantage to tackle all these problems.However,how to confer permanent resistance in cotton against insects through genetic modification,is still a big challenge to address.Development of transgenic cotton has been proven to be effective.But its effectiveness depends upon several factors,including heterogeneity,seed purity,diffusion of varieties,backcrossing and ethical concerns.Cotton biotechnology was initiated in Pakistan in 1992–1993 with a focus on acquiring cotton leaf curl virus(CLCuV)-resistant insect-resistant,and improving fiber quality.This review summarizes the use of molecular markers,QTLs,GWAS,and gene cloning for cotton germplasm improvement,particularly in Pakistan.