杂交粳稻产量性状的相关和通径分析

通过对1995～1997 年度江苏省杂交中粳稻区试组合的产量性状分析,结果表明:穗数、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、结实率和千粒重间存在较复杂的相关。就产量构成三因素而言,与产量相关程度顺序为千粒重> 穗数> 每穗实粒数,直接通径系数大小顺序为每穗实粒数> 千粒重> 穗数。高产育种应着重于每穗实粒数的提高,即选育穗型较大,结实率较高的组合较易获得高产。     

水稻品种产量性状的遗传相关及通径分析

通过对水稻品种的几个主要产量性状的遗传相关和通径分析表明,结实率、每穗实粒数、穴穗数与产量间有较高的遗传相关和通径系数。在选育水稻新品种中,应在稳定千粒重和较高结实率的基础上,把穗实粒数和穴穗数作为重点选择指标,可望选育出高产水稻品种。     

水稻品种产量性状的遗传相关及通径分析

通过对水稻品种的几个主要产量性状的遗传相关和通径分析表明，结实率、每穗实粒数、穴穗数与产量间有较高的遗传相关和通径系数。在选育水稻新品种中，应在稳定千粒重和较高结实率的基础上，把穗实粒数和穴穗数作为重点选择指标，可望选育出高产水稻品种。     

杂交水稻春秋双季制种高产性状量化指标初探

通径分析表明，对于杂交水稻春秋双季制种产量的相对重要住的性状依次为结实率＞每亩穗数＞每穗总粒数＞千粒重＞剑叶长＞株高．通过建立产量与其构成因素穗数、结实率、总粒数和千粒重的多元回归方程式，因地制宜设计出了有关杂交组合，规范双季制种的穗粒结构量化指标．讨论了实现有关量化指标的技术措施。     

优质晚籼稻产量性状的相关性分析及高产育种方向

采用方差分析、简单相关分析、逐步回归分析、通径分析及聚类分析，对４０个优质晚籼稻品种的单株产量及１０个产量性状进行了分析研究。结果表明：所分析的１１个性状在不同品种间存在极显著差异；这１１个性状间存在着相互制约和相互促进的关系；对单株产量的正向线性效应达显著以上统计水平的性状，根据其相对重要性的大小依次为每穗实粒数、单株有效穗数、千粒重和每穗一次枝梗数。在现有优质晚籼稻品种性状水平的基础上，开展优质晚籼稻的高产育种，应当把增加每穗实粒数作为主要方向，即重点打破单株有效穗数与每穗实粒数的负相关，着重提高每穗实粒数，其次是提高单株有效穗数，同时兼顾适当提高千粒重；在提高每穗实粒数的选育中必须着重把每穗一次枝梗数多作为选择指标。     

水稻品种农艺性状与产量的相关分析

对2005年度辽宁省审定的10个水稻品种农艺性状与产量等资料进行分析,结果表明:千粒重、每穗粒数与产量的关联度最大,通径分析表明:每穗粒数和每穴穗数对产量产生的直接效应较大,因子分析表明:成穗率、每穴穗数、每穗粒数、结实率取得累计贡献率62.37%,表明上述因子是影响产量的决定因子。     

二棱啤酒大麦产量性状的遗传特性初探

本文对二棱啤酒大麦产量性状的遗传特性研究。结果表明，不论二棱×多棱和二棱×二棱组合，产量构成性状对单株产量均有正向直接效应，但由于每个产量构成性状通过其它性状对单株产量的间接效应不同，导致每个产量构成性状对单株产量的总贡献发生改变，其中以每穗粒重的总贡献最大，其次为每穗粒数，其三为单株穗数，而千粒重为最小，但穗粒重是每穗粒数与千粒重的乘积，受其两变数的影响，导致每穗粒数对单株产量起着决定性作用。     

杂交水稻蓄留再生经济性状及其相关性研究

考察了9个杂交水稻头季稻与再生稻的经济性状和产量,分析了它们之间的相关性.结果表明,除头季稻有效穗组合间差异不显著外,其它经济性状包括头季稻每穗总粒数、结实率、千粒重,再生稻有效穗、每穗总粒数、结实率、千粒重组合间差异显著;头季稻产量、再生稻产量组合间差异显著;头季稻产量与头季稻结实率、千粒重呈正相关,再生稻产量与再生稻每穗总粒数、结实率呈正相关;再生稻千粒重与头季稻结实率呈显著正相关;再生稻每穗总粒数、千粒重分别与头季稻每穗总粒数、千粒重呈正相关.     

杂交水稻两优2186主要产量因素在全因果通径模型中的分析研究

根据两系杂交水稻两优2186各产量性状与产量之间的内在联系，运用基于因果关系的通径分析方法分析比较各产量构成因素的相对重要性。结果表明有效穗数是影响两优2186产量的最主要因素，为主攻因素，其次是穗实粒数，再次是千粒重。     

黑龙江省不同积温带水稻产量构成因素主成分分析

对2007年黑龙江省三大积温带水稻产量构成因素和产量进行相关分析。结果表明,在第一、二积温带单位面积穗数、每穗粒数与产量相关性表现为极显著正相关,第一积温带千粒重与产量表现显著正相关、空秕率与产量表现显著负相关,第二集温带千粒重与产量表现正相关、空秕率与产量表现负相关;第三积温带单位面积穗数、每穗粒数、千粒重与产量表现正相关,空秕率与产量表现负相关,但相关性未达显著水平。主成分分析表明,水稻产量构成因素对产量的影响表现为:第一积温带产量构成因素对产量的影响表现为每穗粒数空秕率单位面积穗数千粒重;第二积温带表现为每穗粒数空秕率千粒重单位面积穗数;第三积温带表现为单位面积穗数空秕率每穗粒数千粒重。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。