首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
通过镜检对二倍体水稻APIV(2)和同源四倍体水稻APIV(4)的双受精过程进行了对比观察,结果表明,与二倍体水稻相比,同源四倍体水稻的双受精过程比较特殊,花粉粒在其柱头上萌发比较慢,花粉管在花柱内的伸长比较迟缓,双受精延迟,退化型胚囊的频率比较高(36.0%),极核和反足细胞的形态异常,存在着一定频率的胚自发现象。由此认为,同源四倍体水稻的有性生殖能力已经明显变弱。  相似文献   

2.
同源四倍体水稻花粉的发育特征   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
 利用激光扫描共聚焦显微技术观察了同源四倍体水稻紫粳 4x花粉的发育过程及其败育时期和方式。在成熟花粉中正常花粉只占45.5%,还有54.5%的花粉在发育过程中发生败育。在小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中出现了一些异常现象,如染色体不能正常配对、形成异常二分体及二分体分裂不同步等现象。绝大部分花粉败育发生在单核小孢子期和二胞花粉晚期。在败育花粉中典败花粉粒占21.4%,圆败花粉粒占5.0%,染败花粉粒占28.1%。导致紫粳 4x花粉败育的原因可能是由于其染色体数目加倍,在减数分裂过程中有些染色体不能正常配对,从而进行异常分裂造成的。  相似文献   

3.
 以同源四倍体多胚苗突变水稻IR36 双为材料,利用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜技术对其双受精过程及胚、胚乳的早期发育特征进行了观察。在“IR36 双”双受精及胚胎发育过程中,观察到一些异常受精现象和胚囊发生败育的异常类型。统计结果表明,异常受精作用或败育胚囊的发生频率高达46.67%,远高于其野生型品种IR36 4x(33.00%)。主要有子房退化、胚囊退化、单受精、双胚珠、双胚等几种异常类型。这些异常类型是导致结实率降低及形成双胚苗的细胞学基础。  相似文献   

4.
《杂交水稻》2019,(5):51-56
以水稻品种红米2x和其对应的同源四倍体红米4x为试验材料,用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察了不同倍性水稻的花粉发育特征。结果表明,不同倍性水稻花粉粒形成过程基本相似,但与相应的二倍体水稻相比,同源四倍体水稻在减数分裂及后期发育过程中存在多种异常现象,如纤维素壁降解不完全、细胞不均等分裂及分裂不同步等现象;在成熟花粉中,二倍体水稻的正常花粉占89.92%,败育率为10.18%,四倍体水稻的正常花粉占69.96%,败育率高达30.04%;四倍体水稻的花粉直径显著大于二倍体水稻,且四倍体水稻的花粉粒萌发延迟。认为不同倍性水稻的花粉发育存在差异,染色体加倍对水稻花粉发育产生了不良影响。  相似文献   

5.
为了研究温敏不育系在可育和不育温度条件下的花粉发育情况,通过人工控温的方法对YS型小麦温敏不育系A3017-310和A3017-312减数分裂期分别处在不育和可育温度条件下的花粉育性进行了分析.结果表明,不育温度条件(12~16℃)下,花粉粒多数败育,I2-KI染色不着色,染色不均匀,约1/3花粉粒发育至单核中后期或双核早期发生败育,大部分花粉粒发育到二核后期或三核期发生败育(染败),两个系的花粉粒碘染败育率分别为98.7%和99.0%,花粉萌发势分别为0.7%和0.5%,花药不开裂、不散粉,自交结实率均为0;可育温度条件下(正常分蘖穗为18~22℃,再生分蘖穗为20~25℃),花粉粒多数正常,花药能正常开裂、散粉,花粉粒在这两种可育温度条件下碘染的败育率无差异,均约为20%.花粉萌发势随温度升高而增加,A3017—310由60.7%增为71.5%。A3017-312由27.4%提高为63.1%;自交结实率(国际法)为34.6%~113.7%。A3017—310和A3017—312株系来源于同一组合的F6代,它们在不同的可育条件下,育性恢复程度有所不同,表明YS型温敏不育系在育性转换为可育后控制自交结实的遗传机制较为复杂。  相似文献   

6.
同源四倍体水稻成熟胚囊的结构及异常现象   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8  
 应用整体染色透明激光扫描共聚焦显微术(WCLSM),对包括籼稻、粳稻及爪哇稻在内的13份同源四倍体水稻的成熟胚囊结构进行了观察。同源四倍体水稻多数子房(平均6290%)胚囊结构正常,与二倍体的正常蓼型的相似,一些子房(平均3710%)胚囊结构出现异常,异常包括雌性生殖单位退化、极核异常、胚囊退化、卵器退化、异常小胚囊和“双套结构”胚囊等6类。这些异常胚囊都可能影响受精,从而导致结实率降低。不同类型的同源四倍体水稻间异常结构胚囊的频率差异极显著。籼稻与粳稻比较,总的趋势是粳稻异常胚囊的频率高于籼稻,其中粳稻平均为2566%,籼稻平均为1934%。同一品种内异常类型的频率也存在明显的差异,显示异常结构胚囊的形成可能与品种的基因型有密切关系。  相似文献   

7.
同源四倍体水稻与非洲栽培稻杂交的胚胎学观察   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3  
黄群策  梁芳 《杂交水稻》2003,18(5):53-55
以同源四倍体水稻(Oryza sativa,2n=4x=48)和二倍体水稻(Oryza Sativa,2n=2x=24)为母本,以非洲栽培稻(Dryza glarri,2n=2x=24)为父本进行远缘杂交配组,对其杂交结实的胚胎学机理进行了研究。结果表明,非洲栽培稻的花粉粒能在二倍体水稻的柱头上萌发,但萌发频率仅为0.18%~0.56%,花粉管在花柱内的伸长速度比较慢,发生受精的频率比较低,因而二倍体水稻与非洲栽培稻杂交的结实率比较低。然而,非洲栽培稻的花粉粒在同源四倍体水稻的柱头上萌发频率高达12.81%~14.65%,花粉管在花柱内的伸长速度比较快,发生受精的频率比较高,因而同源四倍体水稻与非洲栽培稻杂交的结实率比较高。在同源四倍体水稻与非洲栽培稻的杂交中发现,其受精作用比较特殊,其中包括精细胞与卵细胞的单受精作用,精细胞与次生极核的单受精作用和正常的双受精作用,总受精率和总成胚率分别为7.49%~9.28%和6.61%~8.64%。  相似文献   

8.
利用激光共聚焦显微扫描技术对同源四倍体双胚苗水稻品系ASDOR05-01的雄配子体发育特征进行了观察鉴定.研究结果表明,在每一份试验材料中均存在着正常雄配子体和异常雄配子体,而同源四倍体双胚苗水稻品系ASDOR05-01表现出更弱的有性生殖能力.在3份试验材料中,正常雄配子体的发育特征基本相似,没有表现出因试验材料的种类不同所呈现出的明显差异.同源四倍体双胚苗水稻品系ASDOR05-01在小孢子母细胞进行减数分裂时,出现了5种不正常的分裂现象,即部分染色体不能正常配对、在分裂中期形成了三极纺锤体、形成异常的二分体、在第二次减数分裂中期出现了分裂不同步现象、形成异常的四分体.花粉发育过程中的败育现象可能是导致其结实率比较低的主要原因之一.  相似文献   

9.
“萍乡显性核不育水稻”细胞形态学研究初报   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
萍乡雄性核不育水稻,是一种自然变异株,由于在小孢子形成过程中出现各种异赏现象,进入单核期很快以各种形式败育致死,能进入双核期败育的是极少数,未见到三核期败育的花粉粒。该材料属于典败型显性雄性不育水稻。  相似文献   

10.
同源四倍体水稻与狼尾草杂交结实的胚胎学证据   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
在以6份同源四倍体水稻为杂交母本与狼尾草进行属间杂交中发现,其结实率达到0.84%~2.06%,而在以二倍体水稻为母本的属间杂交中却没有获得结实种子.利用激光扫描共聚焦显微技术对属间杂交结籽的特殊生殖现象进行了观察研究,试图寻找其杂交结实的胚胎学证据.结果表明,狼尾草的花粉粒不能在二倍体水稻的柱头上萌发,说明二倍体水稻与狼尾草的生殖隔离很严格,两者很难杂交.然而,狼尾草的花粉粒在同源四倍体水稻的柱头上能萌发,花粉管能在花柱中伸长并能将雄配子送入胚囊内与雌配子融合成受精卵.同源四倍体水稻与狼尾草的受精作用比较特殊,包括精细胞与卵细胞的单受精作用、精细胞与次生极核的单受精作用和正常的双受精作用,总受精率和总成胚率分别为6.36%~11.68%和4.11%~9.44%.试验结果为解释同源四倍体水稻与狼尾草杂交结籽的特殊生殖现象提供了有力的胚胎学证据.  相似文献   

11.
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.  相似文献   

12.
13.
14.
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.  相似文献   

15.
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta. Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact).  相似文献   

16.
Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.  相似文献   

17.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase).  相似文献   

18.
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories.  相似文献   

19.
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described.  相似文献   

20.
Summary Methods were developed for clean-up of potato tuber extracts on solid phase extraction CN-cartridges and for analysis of steroidal glycoalkaloids by reversed phase HPLC. The alkaloids α-solanine, α-chaconine, α-solasonine and α-solamargine could be separated on C8 or C18 reversed phase columns using a mobile phase of acetonitrile/Tris-buffer (3∶2, v/v). The analysis time of tuber extracts containing these alkaloids was less then 4 min, if the pH of the mobile phase was adjusted to 7.4 and run at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号