施肥、密度、化控对山宁17产量的影响

采用正交试验对影响山宁17产量的施肥量、密度、叶面肥喷施次数、化控次数4因素进行研究。试验结果表明,对山宁17产量影响大小顺序为施肥量密度化控次数叶面肥喷施次数;山宁17理想栽培模式密度1.2万株/667m~2+施撒可富复合肥20 kg/667m~2+喷施叶面肥1次+化控次数1次。     

夏大豆高产栽培技术的研究

采用正交试验设计,研究了品种类型、密度、种植方式3因素对夏大豆产量的影响。结果表明,品种是夏大豆产量的主要影响因素,3因素对夏大豆产量影响强度的顺序是品种种植方式密度;在本区生态条件下,获得夏大豆最高产量的理论组合为:品种为周豆11号、密度1.6万株/667 m~2、种植方式为行距40/50 cm。     

钵苗机插杂交籼稻的优势及其精确定量栽培技术研究

为了明确钵苗机插杂交籼稻从育苗到大田管理的关键技术,并形成单位面积产量750 kg/667 m~2以上的栽培配套技术,在大田条件下,研究钵苗机插不同育秧材料、播种量、密度和氮肥运筹对籼稻生长和产量的影响。结果表明,在育苗营养细土中加入适当的细沙和土壤黏结剂,可以明显提高出苗率和栽插质量;单穴播种量在4～5粒有利于培育壮秧,降低栽插空穴率;钵苗杂交籼稻栽插行距33 cm、株距16 cm、栽插密度1.26万穴/667 m~2左右、基本苗3.0万～3.5万株/667 m~2时利于高产;在氮肥运筹上,基蘖肥︰穗肥=7︰3时,成穗率与产量均较高。     

旱育苗人工手插秧栽培密度不同对水稻松辽122品种产量及构成因素的影响试验研究

对水稻品种松辽122采用大棚旱育苗人工手插秧,研究三种不同插秧密度对产量及构成因素的影响,结果表明:30 cm×16 cm的插秧密度松辽122品种平均产量居首位为685.3 kg/667 m~2,其次是30 cm×17 cm的插秧密度,平均产量683.5 kg/667 m~2,插秧密度30 cm×18 cm,平均产量最低为675.2 kg/667 m~2。处理1产量高主要是单位面积有效穗数多,平均穗实粒数多,结实率高,空瘪率低。     

夏大豆高产栽培技术的正交试验研究

采用正交试验设计,研究了品种类型、密度、种植方式三因素对大豆产量的影响.结果表明:品种是夏大豆产量及各农艺性状的主要影响因素;三因素对夏大豆产量影响强度的顺序是品种>密度>种植方式;在本区生态条件下,获得夏大豆最高产量的理论组合为:品种为有限类型沧豆6号、密度1.6万株/667 m2、种植方式为40 cm行距.     

机械化种植模式下微型薯播种密度对产量的影响

为了探索机械化种植模式下微型薯生产原种的播种密度对产量的影响,本试验以‘克新1号’微型薯为试验材料,共设计了5个处理,行距为机械化播种行距90 cm,株距分别为15,12,10,9和7 cm。结果表明,试验所设种植密度间产量差异达极显著水平;以播种6 000株/667m2产量最高,为2 228 kg/667m2;考虑投入产出比最佳密度为6000~7000株/667m2,群体生长较合理,建议在乌兰察布地区大面积生产中推广应用。     

玉米密植和营养改良之研究Ⅰ.密度对玉米产量和营养的效应

4个直立叶型杂交种、3个种植行距穴67cm等行条播、50cm等行条播、六角形穴播雪、3个密度穴6.0万株/hm2、7.5万株/hm2、9.0万株/hm2雪的田间试验结果表明:影响玉米产量潜力提高的主要因素是密度,其次为行距,再次为品种;在试验实施的密度、行距、品种各因素处理中,玉米杂交种产量均随密度的增大而增加,玉米营养面积随密度的增大而变小。     

密度和肥料对马铃薯‘渝马铃薯3号’主要性状及产量的影响

利用L9(34)正交设计,研究密度和氮磷钾肥料因素对‘渝马铃薯3号’主要性状及产量的影响,得出高产栽培最佳模型,为品种推广提供依据。结果表明,‘渝马铃薯3号’正交试验各处理在主茎数、单株块茎数、商品薯数比和商品薯重比4个性状间无明显差异,在株高和单株块茎重间差异明显;密度间、施氮量间株高差异显著或极显著,施磷量和施钾量间株高无显著差异;密度越大,株高越低,氮肥用量越高,株高越高。单株块茎重除密度间差异显著外,氮磷钾因素间均达极显著水平;密度4 000株/667m~2和氮肥用量10 kg/667m~2时的单株块茎重最高;单株块茎重随磷肥用量增加而增加;钾肥用量11 kg/667m~2时单株块茎重最高。‘渝马铃薯3号’高产栽培最佳组合为T5处理,即密度4 000株/667m~2、施氮量10 kg/667m~2、施磷量6 kg/667m~2、施钾量为11 kg/667m~2时,‘渝马铃薯3号’鲜薯产量可达2 508 kg/667m~2。     

密度及行距对不同大豆品种农艺性状及产量的影响

田间条件下,以3个亚有限结荚习性大豆品种铁丰31、铁豆63和沈农12为试材,采用再裂区设计,考察不同密度及行距处理对不同大豆品种农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明:缩小行距可以提高3个大豆品种的株高;增加密度,3个大豆品种的主茎节数、分枝数、单株荚数和单株粒重减少,结荚高度提高;不同行距处理条件下,大豆产量差异达到了极显著水平(P0.01),行距为30 cm时,大豆产量最高;密度为25万株·hm-2,行距30 cm时,3个大豆品种产量最高,铁丰31、沈农12和铁豆63的产量分别为4 961.2,3 840.0和3 539.1 kg·hm-2。     

栽培密度对两系稻Y两优5866产量的影响

为了探明两系杂交稻Y两优5866的适宜栽培密度,研究了3种栽培密度 (每667m~2插2.0万丛、1.43万丛、1.22万丛、)对Y两优5866产量及产量相关性状的影响。结果表明:Y两优5866的有效穗数随着栽培密度的增大而增加,每穗总粒数、结实率随着栽培密度的增大而下降,而不同栽培密度对Y两优5866的千粒重的影响较小。栽培密度过低或过密,产量均降低,每667m~2栽培密度为1.43万丛(20.0 cm×23.3 cm)的产量最高,为615.33 kg,较2.0万丛(16.7 cm×20.0 cm)、1.22万丛(23.3 cm×23.3 cm)分别增产3.36%、15.81%,增产效果显著。     

Preparation and characterization of fibers of waste and fresh polyethylene terephtalate and mixtures of them

Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry.     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。     

Characteristics of photosynthesis and conductance of potato canopies and the effects of cultivars and transient drought

Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m² surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).

During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.

Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.

Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants.     

棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术应用与推广

经过多年实践,探索总结出抗病虫品种、频振式太阳能杀虫灯、糖盆诱蛾、黄蓝板诱虫、生物多样性控虫等绿色防控技术,形成了切合库尔勒实际的棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术模式。介绍了上述技术措施及其在当地棉田的推广应用效果。     

热区蔬菜质量安全分析与评价

对影响我国热区主要蔬菜产前、产中、产后的质量安全相关因素与现状进行调研,获取基础数据与有关信息。对比分析国内不同生产区质量安全存在的差异与差距,研究我国热区蔬菜从生产至市场各个环节的质量安全评价方法,提出建立我国热区蔬菜质量安全评价体系方案。     

水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式示范

2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。     

云南省"双高"甘蔗生产与发展

从自然生产条件、龙头企业状况和产业经济效益3方面论述了云南省“双高”甘蔗发展的优势条件.分析了现阶段“双高”甘蔗发展中存在的主要问题,即甘蔗产业科技落后、蔗园建设投入不足、加工企业规模较小,产品单一.从“双高”甘蔗优势产业带建设,甘蔗种子工程体系,“双高”甘蔗科技、甘蔗产业化经营发展与科技培训等方面提出了“双高”甘蔗发展的建议和措施.     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

春季氮肥和多效唑调控对小麦生育和产量的影响

为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。     

施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响

采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。