筛选粒用高粱幼苗的耐冷性

通常,粒用高粱并不像玉米那样在冷凉地区栽种。玉米适应性较广泛这一优点,已部分地用于改良幼苗耐冷性的育种中。类似的高粱幼苗耐冷性的改良,应将它扩大到高海拔和比较温暖的纬度地方种植。另外,改良了的耐冷性有助于播种经常延迟地区的高粱生产,那里由于晚春寒冷或少耕造成的土壤冷凉而导致缺苗。     

辽杂系列高粱杂交种耐盐性鉴定报告

以0．38％、0．45％、0．6％、1．5％、2．5％的NaCl溶液对当前国家高粱改良中心的主要高粱杂交种,进行芽期和苗期的耐盐性鉴定,评价它们的耐盐级别和强度,为科研和生产提供依据。结果表明：参加实验的杂交种都具有较强的耐盐能力,而在耐高盐上,所有参加实验的杂交种表现都不够理想。     

辽宁省高粱生产及科研发展趋势

高粱是辽宁省重要的旱地粮食作物之一,由于具有耐干旱、耐瘠薄、耐恶劣气候环境等多重抗逆性和用途多样性,对辽宁省农业生产和农村经济的发展,推进种植业结构调整和农产品加工业等方面起到了重要作用。1　简要回顾高粱杂交种的选育和推广对农业生产起到了积极的推动作用,为解决辽宁省的粮食问题曾经起过重要作用。1952年全国高粱播种面积为939万hm2,占全国农作物播种总面积的7.5%,辽宁省高粱的播种面积为100万hm2,约占全省播种面积的25%,平均产量1185kg/hm2,当时辽宁省种植的高粱品种主要是“熊岳253”、“熊岳119”等农家常规品种。进…     

关于高粱与苏丹草间杂交种命名问题商榷

通常所说的高粱[Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench]是禾本科高粱属的栽培种.它的起源地,迄今尚无定论.多数学者认为原产非洲.我国各地均有栽培,但主要集中在东北和华北地区.高粱抗旱、耐涝、耐盐碱能力强,适应性广,分蘖力和再生能力较弱.     

高粱饲用价值与单宁含量的关系

高粱是一种抗旱、耐盐的高产作物,在苏联主要用作饲料。然而,众所周知,当植株中单宁含量在2％以上时,植株体的饲用价值就显著降低(Harris等,1970;Hahn等,1984)。另一方面,单宁的存在有助于减少昆虫(蚜科等)和鸟类对作物的危害,同时提高作物对不良天气条件的适应性(Doherty等,1987)。因此,在进行高粱作物育种时,测定高粱品系及品种的单宁含量具有实际意义。试材是苏丹草、高粱及高粱-苏丹草杂交种,分别将籽粒、茎秆和叶片磨成细粉并测定     

建平县高粱高产栽培技术

高粱是建平地区主要旱田作物之一,具有抗旱耐涝、耐盐碱、适应性强等特点,由于近年人们膳食结构的改变,高粱米再度“受宠”,成为人们比较喜欢的主食之一,适当扩大高粱种植面积,可实现农作物的轮作倒茬,均衡地力和土壤养分,减轻病虫害发生等,其主要栽培技术措施如下。     

边际效应指数在高粱育种中应用初探

边际效应指数在高粱育种中应用初探张桂华，白乙拉图，李彤（内蒙古哲盟农业科学研究所０２８０１５）杂种优势的利用和栽培条件的改善，使高粱单产提高到一个较高水平。要想使高粱产量再上一个新台阶，就必须选育出单株生产力高而又耐密植的品种。目前，人们普遍认为矮秆...     

高粱育种的基因型×环境互作及其意义

高粱因其具有耐胁迫(如干旱、高温、低肥和水涝)特性,故经常种植在各种环境的临界条件下。尽管在这样的生产条件下产量很低,但在整个非洲和亚洲的产量变化很大。Liu(1987)等试图研究各种作物以了解基因型×环境互作。尽管高粱有广泛的多样性,但是     

新型耐密植粒用高粱的选育

新型耐密植粒用高粱的选育等在萨拉托夫州干旱条件下栽培的粒用高粱是制造浓缩饲料的重要原料，’它的籽粒产量远远超过当地主要作物大麦。高粱作为饲料作物轮作并能广泛栽培的原因之一是在行距为７０ｃｍ的普通播种方式下，就能有效地防止杂草的危害。在播种密度为２００...     

外引高粱品种资源的筛选与创新利用

通过对外高粱资源的抗病性，耐瘠性，多抗性等鉴定，筛选优良的种质资源，利用这些抗源对中国类型恢复系和常用保持系进行改良，获得一批单抗，多抗性基础材料，拓宽了中国高粱资源的利用范围。     

高粱抗螟育种研究进展

亚洲玉米螟是为害高粱的主要螟虫之一,通过对它的研究进展及抗螟研究的了解,分析了高粱的各种抗螟机制,讨论了高粱抗螟性筛选与鉴定的方法,总结了当代抗螟育种的方法及现状并提出发展趋势和建议。     

Disease and pest resistance in grains of sorghum and millets

In this review available information on the mechanisms of resistance to insect pests and fungal pathogens in sorghum and millets is discussed. The primary source of resistance lies in the chemical and physical make up of the grain. Phenolic compounds such as ferulic acid and tannins present in some sorghums are potent inhibitors of pests and pathogens. Grain hardness is a major deterrent to infection and infestation in low tannin grains. The prolamins, the grain storage proteins of sorghum, are organized into protein bodies and provide a physical and a nutritional barrier since they are resistant to digestion by insect and fungal proteases. A plethora of proteins that belong to the ‘pathogenesis related protein’ group are distributed in various parts of the grain. Some of them are located in protein bodies. Notwithstanding, sorghum is still susceptible to insect pests and fungal pathogens. An understanding of the natural mechanisms of resistance in the grain is paramount for the development of durable resistance against pests and pathogens. The pyramiding of resistance genes and the development of transgenic lines based on this understanding are two sources of hope for the future protection of sorghum and millets.     

高粱种质资源抗高粱靶斑病鉴定与评价

1996～1999年在田间人工接种诱导发病的条件下，对1476份高粱种质资源和40个高粱杂交种或杂交组合进行了抗高粱靶搬病抗性鉴定。从中鉴定筛选出419份抗高粱靶搬病的种质资源，9个高抗和7个抗高粱靶搬病的高粱杂交种或杂交组合。     

Assessment of sorghum germplasm from Burkina Faso and South Africa to identify new sources of resistance to grain mold and anthracnose

Sorghum is an important worldwide crop whose yield can be significantly reduced by anthracnose (Colletotrichum sublineola) and grain mold diseases (multiple fungi). The identification of new genetic sources of resistance to both diseases is imperative for the development of new sorghum varieties. To this end, a total of 80 exotic germplasm accessions from Burkina Faso (BFA) and South Africa (ZAF) were evaluated for anthracnose and grain mold resistance during two planting periods in 2012 at the USDA-ARS experimental farms in Isabela, Puerto Rico. Twelve accessions were resistant to anthracnose during both evaluations of which 10 are originally from BFA. The anthracnose resistant accessions identified herein had a hypersensitive reaction characterized by lesions having red and purple color. Likewise, 9 accessions exhibited grain mold resistance after being inoculated with a mixture of a conidial suspension of Fusarium thapsinum, Fusarium semitectum, and Curvularia lunata during both periods. Eight of these accessions (PI 586182, PI 586186, PI 647705, PI 647706, PI 647707, PI 647708, PI 647710, and PI 647712) originated from BFA, while one (PI 61666) is from ZAF. The PI 586186 was the only accession that exhibited resistance to both anthracnose and grain mold. The grain mold resistant accession PI 61666 has a panicle shape that resembles a standard United States commercial type sorghum and is also photoperiod insensitive. The results presented herein indicate that the BFA germplasm could be an important source for anthracnose and grain mold resistance genes. The integration of these anthracnose and grain mold resistant germplasm into sorghum breeding programs should aid in expanding the genetic diversity and in the development of new resistant varieties.     

PYH157广谱抗病基因导入高梁及转基因植株的筛选与研究

用花粉管通道法将PYH157基因导入高梁，获得了转基因植株。应用卡钠霉素和高粱丝黑穗病鉴定及聚丙烯酰胺等电聚凝胶电泳蛋白质分析表明，无毒广谱抗病基因PYH157已整合到高粱基因组中，并能表达。高粱丝黑穗病田间接种试验中筛选了4个较抗高粱丝黑穗病的转基因植株。     

国内外优异高粱种质资源的综合评价

对“八五”、“九五”期间收集到的820份国内外高粱品种资源进行农艺性状、抗病虫、抗逆性筛选鉴定及综合评价。试验表明，有一批矮秆、大穗、大粒、抗或多抗性的资源，可作为育种的基础材料，供资源创新、改良现有品种的品质、抗性等选择利用。     

Farmers’ perceptions and management practices of insect pests on stored sorghum in southwestern Ethiopia

Surveys were undertaken in six districts of southwestern Ethiopia from July to October 2003 to investigate farmers’ perceptions and management practices of insect pests on traditionally stored sorghum. The survey involved 138 randomly selected farmers who were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Storage insect pests were perceived as the major insect pests of sorghum. The majority of the farmers estimated sorghum yield losses of up to 50% due to insect damage during storage. High temperature and lack of storage hygiene were cited as the major factors resulting in insect infestation of stored sorghum. Infestations of stored sorghum insect pests were common on different forms of sorghum, which stored in various types of farm storage. Farmers classified sorghum varieties according to the level of resistance to stored sorghum insect pests. Only about 32% of the farmers had access to chemical insecticides for the control of stored sorghum insect pests, while the majority of them used cultural practices and locally available plant materials as storage protectants.     

高梁种质资源的创新和利用

高梁品种遗传改良取得的成果很大程度上取决于占有的高梁种质资源的数量,以及对其主要性状的鉴定、创新和利用。在高粱育种史上,品种改良的突破性进展,往往都是由于找到并利用了具有关键基因的种质。目前,已创造和选育出7种不同细胞质雄性不育系,其育性反应各不一样。除A．细胞质不育系组配的杂交种得到广泛应用外,A：细胞质不育系的杂交种在生产上应用,A,细胞质不育系在甜高粱杂交种上应用。籽粒优质、茎秆高糖、低氰氢酸、抗病虫、抗杂草、抗干旱等抗性种质资源也得到了创新利用。     

Evaluation of A1, A2, A3, A4(M), A4(G) and A4(VZM) cytoplasms in iso-nuclear backgrounds for grain mold resistance

Breeding for resistance to grain mold, an economically important disease of sorghum, has been only partially successful. Hybrid technology is well developed in sorghum due to availability of the cytoplasm male sterility (CMS) system and at present almost all commercial hybrids are based on the A₁ CMS system. To compare the available alternate CMS systems for grain mold resistance, 72 hybrids were produced by crossing 36 A-lines (six CMS systems; A₁, A₂, A₃, A_4(M), A_4(G), A_4(VZM) each in six nuclear backgrounds) with two common restorers, and were evaluated during the 2006 and 2007 rainy seasons in grain mold nursery at ICRISAT. Data analyses indicated influence of cytoplasm on the responses of hybrids to grain mold infection as measured by panicle grain mold resistance (PGMR) score. The A₁ cytoplasm seemed to contribute to grain mold resistance followed by A_4(VZM) and A₂ cytoplasms. The A_4(M) cytoplasm had superior general combining ability (GCA) effects while the A₁ and A_4(VZM) cytoplasm based hybrids had superior specific combining ability (SCA) effects on the PGMR score. Almost all hybrids had significant mid-parent heterosis. The A₁ cytoplasm is the best suited for the development of sorghum hybrids for the rainy season adaptation with grain mold resistance. However, use of alternate cytoplasms (A₂ and A_4(VZM)) for hybrid development will not increase susceptibility to grain mold in commercial grain production.     

高粱新品种沈杂10号

沈杂10号是沈阳市农业科学院于2005年以自选不育系7-02A为母本,自选恢复系F0018为父本杂交选育而成的高粱新品种。2007—2008年参加全国高粱品种春播晚熟组区域试验,平均产量8 838.0 kg/hm2,居第1位,2008年参加全国高粱品种春播晚熟组生产试验,平均产量9 033.0 kg/hm2,居第1位,并于2010年通过国家鉴定。具有高产、抗病、抗逆等特点。