产碱假单胞菌在油菜根圈定殖的动态和分布研究

采用LacZ基因标记技术和常规方法跟踪产碱假单胞菌A9(LacZ)在缩影系统油菜根圈的定殖情况。A9(LacZ)在油菜不同根段部位的定殖密度,表现从上到下逐渐递减的现象,随着接种后时间的延长而逐渐下降。在根段8cm以外的根区几乎检测不到接种菌。在油菜播种后3d,定殖密度可达最高水平(7.6×105个/g),然后急速下降,30d后保持相对稳定的较低水平(1.1×102个/g)。     

固定化植物促生菌的存活性研究

芽胞菌类的植物促生和生防菌适合用于固定化细胞颗粒的制作,其贮藏时间长,180d后菌株Tu-100和A6的含菌量分别为2.3×108个/g和1.5×108个/g,并能在根际效应的影响下,在植物根际长期有效定殖.对作物土传病害有一定的抑制作用.     

解淀粉芽胞杆菌的GFP标记及定殖能力

采用改良的海藻糖电转化法获得GFP标记菌株X5-GFP、BQA2-GFP,显微镜观察标记菌株在土壤和水培中的番茄根际的定殖情况。结果表明:标记菌株单独或与青枯菌先后加入进行处理,番茄根际标记菌株的种群数量变化趋势都是一致的。在土壤番茄根际中,X5-GFP单独处理后当天的菌量为1.05×106CFU/g,随之菌量逐渐下降;处理30 d后,为1.50×10~3CFU/g;而BQA2-GFP单独处理后当天菌量为1.68×106 CFU/g,随之菌量也逐渐下降;处理30 d后,为2.50×10~3CFU/g;在水培番茄根际中,X5-GFP单独处理后当天的菌量为2.70×10~5CFU/g,随之菌量逐渐下降;处理30 d后,为1.00×10~3 CFU/g;而BQA2-GFP单独处理后当天菌量为3.60×10~5CFU/g,随之菌量同样逐渐下降;处理30 d后,为1.50×10~3 CFU/g。这表明解淀粉芽胞杆菌X5、BQA2均在番茄根际有较强的定殖能力。     

拮抗菌XB16在香蕉体内的定殖及对抗病相关酶活性的影响

XB16(Bacillus subtilis)是分离自香蕉根部组织的芽孢杆菌,该菌株对香蕉枯萎病有显著的拮抗作用。为进一步研究XB16在香蕉体内的定殖情况及对抗病相关酶活性的影响,通过浓度梯度诱导法,获得在含有300μg/mL利福平的NA培养基上稳定生长且对病原菌拮抗能力保持不变的XB16突变株。在温室条件下采用3种不同的接种方法,研究XB16在香蕉体内的定殖动态。结果表明,采用伤根淋菌液法和灌根法接种,XB16均能在香蕉体内定殖和传导,显示出该菌株在香蕉体内有较好的定殖能力。两种接种方法中,定殖菌数量在香蕉各组织中的消长动态均表现为先增长后缓慢下降;但是采用喷雾法接种XB16后在香蕉各组织中没有检测到标记菌,说明该接种方法不能使XB16在香蕉体内定殖。灌根法接种XB16后取香蕉假茎组织测定了香蕉体内抗病相关酶的活性。结果表明,拮抗菌株处理后过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)均比接种病原菌和清水对照明显提高,PPO和POD酶活最高峰分别出现在接种后第5天和第7天。两种酶在接种后的第15天仍保持较高活性,推测诱导抗性是XB16菌株的防病机制之一。     

油菜根圈枯草芽孢杆菌Tu-100抗真菌范围和防治作用

枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)具有抗胁迫生长和强竞争性等优势,是一种具有应用潜力的农作物病害生防细菌。本研究以来源于油菜根际、具有促生作用的枯草芽孢杆菌Tu-100为材料,研究了其抑制农作物真菌病原菌的作用范围和效果。结果证明：Tu-100对供试的12种真菌均有明显抑制作用。对峙培养试验结果显示：直接用Tu-100的发酵菌液与供试的10种病原真菌形成了明显的抑菌圈,浓缩10倍后对供试的12种真菌均形成直径27～40mm的抑菌圈。离体叶片上防治菌核病（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum）的试验结果显示：Tu-100菌液对油菜、大豆菌核病和玉米小斑病（Bipolaris maydis）均有显著防治作用。该菌株防治植物根部病害的进一步研究将具有实际应用意义。     

拮抗内生细菌BEB17对4个香蕉品种组培杯苗的定殖、促生分析和抗病性评价

BEB17是分离自健康香蕉根部的具有良好抑菌活性的内生解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)。本研究采用直接灌根法,评价了该菌株对4个不同香蕉品种组培杯苗的促生作用和其对香蕉枯萎病菌(Fusarium.oxysporum f.sp.cubense race 4,Foc4)的防治效果。结果表明,经BEB17回接后的香蕉杯苗平均株高、叶片数和鲜重均显著优于对照,其中对南天黄品种的促生效果最好,株高增加48.24%,鲜重增加111.19%;带菌植株接种Foc4后,香蕉杯苗在发病率和病情指数上均显著低于对照,其中该菌株对南天黄和桂蕉1号的防治效果最明显,相对防效分别可达81.51%和77.46%。通过稀释平板涂布法,观察其在不同品种香蕉苗的定殖情况,发现BEB17能稳定定殖于4种香蕉品种,其中在南天黄的根部定殖10 d后定殖量最高,达6.43×10~4 CFU/g,在桂蕉1号定殖10 d和20 d后茎部和叶部定殖量达峰值,分别为1.58×10~3 CFU/g和1.43×10~3 CFU/g;品种比对发现菌株BEB17与南天黄和桂蕉1号的亲和性较强,定殖数量呈先升后降趋势。     

直播冬油菜钙、镁、硫养分吸收规律

在直播密度为10万株/hm2的甘蓝型油菜华双5号田间定期取样,测定各器官钙、镁、硫的含量,同时计算养分积累量,研究大田直播冬油菜三元素吸收和分配的时空特征。结果表明,油菜活体的钙、镁含量在苗期最高,其后随植株的生长逐渐下降,活体硫含量先增加后降低,在蕾薹期达最大值。根、茎的钙含量随植株生长缓慢降低,镁含量在0~100d（苗期）大幅下降,100~150d（苗后期至蕾薹期）较稳定,150d（蕾薹期）后缓慢下降,硫含量先升高后降低,均在蕾薹期达最大值。绿叶、落叶的钙含量在出苗至花期较稳定,花期后迅速增加,镁含量在花期前缓慢下降,花期后快速增加,硫含量在苗期较稳定,蕾薹期后迅速增加。油菜三元素的总积累量均在角果期达到最大值,分别为247.0、35.8和138.8kg/hm2,而后均有不同程度的下降。根、茎、绿叶的各中量元素积累量均呈先升后降的变化,各养分在根、茎、绿叶中积累达最大值的时期分别为花期、角果期、蕾薹期,三元素规律一致。落叶钙、镁、硫的积累量在收获时达最大值,分别为107.4、9.7、28.0kg/hm2。每生产100kg籽粒钙、镁、硫的最大需求量分别为5.8、0.9、3.2kg。钙、镁、硫各元素苗期主要分配在绿叶中,成熟期则分别主要分配在落叶、籽粒、角壳中。     

球孢白僵菌在玉米根际的定殖及对根际微生物的影响

通过分生孢子诱变法获得了球孢白僵菌抗多菌灵突变株,测定球孢白僵菌不同抗性突变株对多菌灵的抗性水平及遗传稳定性.选择其中对多菌灵EC50为245.0697,抗性水平指数达到229.29的抗性突变株BC-8菌株作为定殖菌株.采用盆栽接种试验和涂抹平皿法测数等方法研究球孢白僵菌抗性突变株BC-8菌株在玉米根际的定殖能力及对根际微生物数量的影响.结果表明:BC-8菌株可以在玉米外根际和根表定殖,但未在根内分离到;玉米移栽后28 d,外根际、根表的分离数量达到最大值;用BC-8菌株分生孢子悬浮液处理玉米幼苗后,玉米根际细菌、真菌及放线菌的数量均比对照减少;玉米移栽后14d,根际细菌、真菌、放线菌的数量与对照相比都有大幅度的减少;移栽后28 d,根际各种微生物的数量都有所增加,但与对照相比,仍呈减少趋势;移栽后42 d,根际微生物的数量趋于稳定.     

不同丛枝菌根真菌种类对生姜生长的影响

研究盆栽条件下,接种不同丛枝菌根真菌（arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF）种类对生姜不同生育时期农艺性状的影响及其在生姜根内的定殖情况。采用生姜组培苗,于幼苗期分别接种12株AMF进行生姜农艺性状比较试验,在温室盆栽接种后每隔30 d对生姜根系进行取样分析,比较菌根侵染率、侵染强度和丛枝丰度的大小,以观察不同AMF菌株对生姜苗的侵染动态。结果表明,所有接种AMF组的生姜植株,其生长量均高于空白对照组。结合不同菌株在根系的侵染率,筛选出生姜AMF优势种类为：细凹无梗囊霉（Acaulospora scrobiculata）、网状球囊霉（Glomus reticulatum）、隐形球囊霉（Paraglomus occltum）、摩西球囊霉（Glomus mosseae）。说明苗期接种这4个优势菌种,能够促进生姜生长,是适宜生姜生长的优良AMF菌株。     

不同的点播密度对人参生长影响的研究

我们通过对二年生人参五种密度的调查研究得知:3×3cm的密度平均株根重5.3g,5g以上的占35.8％;3×4cm和3×5cm的两个密度分别平均株根重5.43g、5.45g,5g以上的各占45.8％,47％;4×4cm的密度平均株根重5.99g,5g以上的占60％;4×5cm的密度平均株根重6.86g,5g以上的占76.7％。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。