大瑶山野生茶树的生化特性研究

为探究大瑶山山脉野生茶树资源的生化成分特征,本研究测定了来自大瑶山29份茶树单株的19项生化指标.其中用分光光度法检测茶多酚、游离氨基酸、黄酮等含量,用高效液相色谱检测儿茶素、生物碱等组成,用氨基酸分析仪检测氨基酸组成.对主要生化成分进行遗传多样性分析和聚类分析,结果表明大瑶山野生茶具有丰富的遗传多样性和地域独特性,并从中筛选出了一批特异资源,如高氨基酸(＞4.00％)资源9份、高咖啡碱(＞5.00％)资源23份、高EGCG(＞10％)3份.     

高氨基酸黄金茶种质资源筛选鉴定

对保存在湖南省茶叶研究所种质资源圃内的75份黄金茶群体资源进行高氨基酸茶树资源筛选,并对获得的高氨基酸资源进行生化成分分析及适制性试验,共筛选出36份高氨基酸资源、1份高茶氨酸资源。生化成分分析结果表明,高氨基酸黄金茶资源酚氨比8,变异系数最大的是酚氨比(12.31%),其次分别是茶多酚(9.89%)、咖啡碱(6.93%)、氨基酸(6.31%),最小的是水浸出物(2.39%),茶多酚具有较大的改良潜力,而水浸出物最小;适制性试验表明,高氨基酸资源制绿茶品质优。     

舜皇山野生茶树种质资源筛选

以从舜皇山筛选出的17个野生茶树单株为研究对象,通过表型性状调查,利用主成分和聚类分析等方法分析春、夏、秋三季生化成分含量差异,筛选优异种质。结果表明:17个野生茶树单株多为灌木型和中叶类,整体发芽期较晚;初步鉴定5个单株适制红绿茶,12个单株适制绿茶,其中2个单株(XN-1、XN-2)的春季游离氨基酸高于4%,茶氨酸均为2.5%,酚氨比小于5,具有制作高品质绿茶潜力。对17个单株的生化成分进行主成分分析,春季提取4个主成分,累积贡献率达91.445%,茶氨酸、非酯型儿茶素、EGCG、茶多酚和水浸出物是影响春季茶叶品质的主要成分;夏季提取3个主成分,累积贡献率达77.454%,非酯型儿茶素、酯型儿茶素和茶氨酸是影响夏季茶叶品质的主要成分;秋季提取4个主成分,累积贡献率达84.127%,酯型儿茶素、EGCG、游离氨基酸、茶氨酸和水浸出物是影响秋季茶叶品质的主要成分。基于生化成分的聚类分析,将舜皇山17个野生茶树单株分为4类,其中XN-2单独成一类。     

不同季节茶树EGCG含量变化研究

本文研究了40份茶树资源春、夏、秋三季茶树新梢EGCG的含量变化,结果表明,40份资源EGCG年含量平均为6.88%,三季茶树EGCG平均含量夏>春>秋;含量变化最大的是秋梢,变异系数为0.27。同时获得3份资源:22号(10.07%)、31号(10.02%)、39号(10.11%),EGCG三季平均含量超过10%。     

四川茶树资源遗传多样性及高EGCG资源筛选

为促进四川茶树资源评价与茶树特异资源鉴定,本文利用11对SSR引物对109份四川茶树资源进行了遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析,并对其夏梢的茶多酚含量及儿茶素组分进行分析测定。结果表明：11对SSR引物共扩增出35个观测等位基因,遗传多态信息量（PIC）、Nei’s多态性指数及Shannon信息指数的平均值分别为0.58、0.58、0.98。将109份种质资源聚为7个类群,在分子水平上具有较大差异性,材料来源地间遗传距离与地理距离不存在显著的相关性。同时对茶多酚及儿茶素组分进行分析,109份材料夏梢的茶多酚为(21.59%±0.25%)~(30.56%±0.72%)（平均25.17%±1.87%）,儿茶素为21.82%~25.04%（平均23.29%）,酯型儿茶素为17.91%~22.08%（平均19.46%）,EGCG为9.71%~16.24%（平均13.86%）。结果显示,四川茶树资源遗传背景较复杂,遗传基础较宽且差异较大,具有丰富的遗传多样性。从中筛选出一批特异资源材料,其中高儿茶素资源8份（>19%）,高酯型儿茶素资源10份（>15%）,高EGCG资源14份（>13%）,超高EGCG资源的5份（>15%）。为核心茶树资源圃建设及高EGCG资源鉴定评价提供理论依据。     

氟对茶叶品质成分代谢的的影响

通过盆栽试验研究氟了对茶树新梢生长和品质成分含量的影响。适量增加土壤氟水平能提高新梢产量,但在高氟水平下新梢产量明显下降。茶多酚、咖啡碱及儿茶素(EGCG等)的含量随土壤氟水平的增加而逐渐降低,高氟水平下新梢的游离氨基酸含量也显著下降,苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)的活性也随土壤和茶树氟浓度的增加而下降,说明氟可能抑制茶树儿茶素的合成代谢和氮素代谢。上述结果表明,氟对茶树生长和品质成分的影响与氟水平有关,虽然低浓度氟对茶树生长有一定的促进作用,但高浓度氟抑制茶树生长和茶多酚、氨基酸等品质成分的代谢。     

提高茶树新梢EGCG含量的无公害诱导物筛选

茶树中含有丰富的多酚类化合物(简称茶多酚),其含量高达鲜叶干物重的20%～35%,其中EGCG(表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯)所占比例最大,为茶多酚总量的40%左右,其含量高达鲜叶干物重的9%～13%。现今,EGCG不能人工合成,茶树是EGCG的唯一来源。通过提高茶叶中EGCG含量,既可提高茶叶饮料品质,又能大大提高茶叶保健品质。利用无公害高效诱导物诱导提高茶树新梢EGCG含量的研究在国内外尚属新领域,而且对于现有大面积栽培的茶树,通过外源诱导因子的诱导可能是提高EGCG的最快捷途径。本研究以福鼎大白茶、毛蟹、铁观音、本山、福云六号等五个茶…     

九万山古茶树群体种试制绿茶的品质分析

以福鼎大白茶和桂绿1号两个品种为对照,对柳州九万山古茶树群体种进行绿茶产品试制,比较分析其感官品质和生化成分。研究结果表明:古茶树群体种所制绿茶产品表现出栗香高、滋味醇爽的感官品质特征,具有高水浸出物(46.78%)、高氨基酸(4.59%)、茶多酚含量适中(23.61%)的生化特点,茶氨酸含量占总氨基酸含量的37.72%,EGCG占儿茶素总量的比例(42.53%)显著低于两个对照品种。古茶树群体种所制绿茶产品综合品质优于福鼎大白茶和桂绿1号所制绿茶。     

不同茶树品种新工艺秋季白茶品质比较分析

为充分利用秋季茶树鲜叶资源筛选适制高香型白茶品种,以福鼎大毫(CK)、肉桂(A1)、黄玫瑰(A2)和瑞香(A3)等4个茶树品种秋季鲜叶为原料,比较分析了各茶树品种成茶生化成分及其感官品质。结果表明,不同品种加工的白茶各生化成分存在显著性差异(p0.05),其中,EGC、EGCG、GCG、酯型儿茶素、茶红素的含量及儿茶素总量以A1最高,茶多酚、咖啡碱、EC、C、CG、非酯型儿茶素的含量以A2最高及酚氨比值最大,GA、ECG的含量以A3最高。不同品种的白茶香气成分种类丰富,相对含量占提取物总量的62.58%～66.76%,其中,A1、A3的花香和果香物质在种类和相对含量上均高于CK。成茶感官品质综合得分依次为:A1(91.7)A3(90.3)CK(88.6)A2(86.4),且各样品得分差异显著。综合分析,A1、A3所制秋季白茶具备花香型白茶的优异品质。     

福建野生茶树种质资源保护与利用

为了解福建野生茶树种质资源保护与利用情况,本文从福建野生茶树种质资源的类型与分布、特征特性、叶片解剖学与细胞学特点、茶叶主要生化组分、茶类适制性及品质特征、资源保护利用等方面进行分析总结,初步推断分布在福建茶区的野生茶树多为栽培类型;通过茶叶生化组分测试和感官品质鉴定,从中筛选出具有咖啡碱含量较低或味苦且品质表现优异的野生茶树种质(单株),可为福建提供良好的茶树遗传育种材料.     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.