大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子的分离纯化

以脱脂豆粉为原料,经pH7.6磷酸溶液抽提、65℃热变性、硫酸铵分步沉淀等提取技术制备粗提液,之后再经过DEAE-52离子交换、亲和层析和葡聚糖凝胶过滤等纯化技术研究大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子的分离纯化方法。结果表明,从脱脂豆粉中分离纯化的大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子的比活力高达4 600 U.mg-1,提纯倍数为73.85。纯化的大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子经SDS-PAGE电泳分析,呈现2条谱带,分子量分别为21.92和20.04 kDa,这2种蛋白均为大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子。该法操作简便,分离纯化效果好,对大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子的研究与生产有重要的参考价值。     

固相酶法分离大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂研究

以硅胶-壳聚糖为载体,通过戊二醛偶联胰蛋白酶,制备固定化酶,分离纯化大豆中胰蛋白酶抑制剂.对戊二醛浓度、反应温度、酶浓度等影响固定化酶制备的因素进行了研究.戊二醛的浓度为2.0%,反应温度为20℃,胰蛋白酶与载体比为15∶ 1 000时,分离纯化的大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性最高,达1872.51 U·mg-1,比粗品高46.22倍.结果表明通过该法能够获得较高活性大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂,为大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂的开发利用提供了依据.     

大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子的研究进展

大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子是大豆中的主要抗营养因子,是一种多肽类或蛋白质。该文对大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子的种类,Kunitz型胰蛋白酶抑制因子和Bowman-Birk型胰蛋白酶抑制因子的结构和特性,大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子的功能及提取纯化方法进行了综述,旨在为大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子的进一步开发和利用提供参考。     

黑麦非淀粉多糖的分离纯化

非淀粉多糖(Non-starch polysaccharides,NSP)是黑麦膳食纤维的主要组成成分,在人类营养中起着重要的作用。为了深入了解黑麦膳食纤维的组成以及不同制备方法对黑麦中NSP的影响,本研究分别采用水提法、碱提法和乙醇-酶-水提法三种方法制备黑麦NSP,得到三种NSP(对应以W-NSP、A-NSP和E-NSP表示),采用DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子交换和Sepharose CL-4B凝胶色谱柱层析对黑麦NSP进行了分离纯化,NSP的纯度分别由73.43%(W-NSP)、76.57%(A-NSP)和82.10%(E-NSP)提高到了90%以上。本研究还分析了三种黑麦NSP的组成和相对分子质量,结果表明,不同制备方法得到的黑麦NSP中戊聚糖和β-葡聚糖的组成有较大差别,相对分子质量分别为1.55×106(W-NSP)、1.11×106(A-NSP)和1.55×106(E-NSP)。     

大豆脂肪氧化酶同功酶抗原的快速纯化方法

目前常用的蛋白纯化方法均存在操作复杂、纯化周期长、成本高等缺点,本试验试图探索出一种经济快捷的蛋白纯化方案,且纯化后的蛋白可以用于制备单克隆抗体;以普通大豆品种冀豆12以及脂肪氧化酶缺失近等基因系Suzuyutaka中的Su-1,3,Su-2,3为材料,将大豆脂氧酶非变性PAGE分析与电洗脱技术相结合,纯化脂肪氧化酶同功酶抗原蛋白;回收到具有活性的电泳纯级脂肪氧化酶溶液,回收率达到了与离子交换柱层析相当的水平（49．64％）;本试验探索的方法实现了应用经济快捷的纯化方案获得免疫所需抗原,为尽早获得脂肪氧化酶单克隆抗体并将其应用于实践打下了基础,并为其它蛋白质的快速分离纯化提供了参考。     

三种亲和层析体系纯化大豆凝集素的比较研究

用N-乙酰基-D-半乳糖胺-epoxy-Sepharose 6B、半乳糖胺-CH-Sepharose 4B和瓜尔胶三种亲和层析体系对大豆中的凝集素进行分离提纯,并进行了多方面的比较.结果显示:三种亲和层析体系纯化大豆凝集素的产率存在显著差异,依次分别为147±15、110±12和128±16mg/100g生大豆;三种亲和胶的亲和饱和度差异显著,分别为12.2±1.4、7.5±1.3和2.1±1.6 mg/mL凝胶.这一结果表明大豆凝集素最理想的纯化方法是N-乙酰基-D-半乳糖胺-expoxy-sepharose 6B亲和层析体系.     

用于农药残留检测的大豆酯酶的纯化分离

以大豆种子为原料探索农药残留检测用酯酶的新酶原.采用差素离心、硫酸铵盐析、DEAE-32离子交换层析和Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤层析等方法对大豆酯酶进行了纯化分离,并研究了纯化酶对有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药的敏感性.最终得到3种电泳纯的大豆酯酶,记为E1,E2和E3.但3种大豆酯酶对有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药的敏感性不同,E1对农药没有敏感性,E2的敏感性比E3好.因此,大豆酯酶E2可作为农药残留检测的新酶原.     

国产西洋参化学成分的研究——人参皂甙的分离鉴定

应用硅胶柱层析方法自国产西洋参芦头中分离得到4种单体化合物(A、B、C、D)。经与已知标准品对照,质谱(FD—MS)和核磁共振(13C—NMR)光谱鉴定为人参皂甙—RO(A)—Rb_1(B)。—Rd(C)和—Re(D)。     

茶叶中甲基化EGCG的分离及功能研究进展

综述了茶叶中甲基化EGCG的分离方法和功能研究进展。茶叶甲基化EGCG分离方法有制备液相色谱(p HPLC)、高速逆流色谱(HSCCC)、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析、Toyopearl HW-40S中压柱层析等,主要具有抗过敏、保护肝脏、调节肠道菌群、治疗哮喘、清除自由基等功效。     

辣木叶黄酮苷的分离鉴定及抗氧化活性研究

为研究辣木（Moringa Obleifera Lam.）叶片中的黄酮苷成分及其抗氧化活性,利用MCI凝胶柱、羟丙基葡聚糖凝胶（Sephadex LH-20）柱层析、硅胶柱层析（CC）、半制备高效液相色谱等分离手段对石油醚组分进行分离和纯化,利用LC-MS、1H-NMR、13C-NMR等现代波谱技术对分离得到的化合物进行结构鉴定,采用SRB法和DPPH·清除率对分离得到的化合物进行体外抗肿瘤活性筛选和抗氧化活性的测定。结果表明,从辣木叶的石油醚部分分离得到4个化合物,已鉴定为β-谷甾醇（Ⅰ）、胡萝卜苷（Ⅱ）、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（Ⅲ）、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（Ⅳ）。4种化合物均具有抗氧化活性,但化合物Ⅲ的抗氧化活性极显著强于其他三种化合物;体外抗肿瘤活性表明,化合物Ⅰ和化合物Ⅱ对乳腺癌细胞株（MDA-MB-231）有一定的抑制作用。      

The degradation of lectins,phaseolin and trypsin inhibitors during germination of white kidney beans,Phaseolus vulgaris L.

White kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), cv Processor, contain a relatively high content of phaseolin (storage protein), lectins and a special group of glycoproteins as well as a considerable amount of protein-type trypsin inhibitors. Protein digestion of raw Processor beans in monogastrics, for example pigs, is disturbed by poorly digested, phaseolin lectins, which can bind to carbohydrates in brush border membranes of the small intestinal epithelium, and trypsin inhibitors. The effect of the germination of white kidney beans on lectins, phaseolin and trypsin inhibitors was studied in order to achieve a degradation of lectins, phaseolin and trypsin inhibitors and an increase ofin vitro enzymatic hydrolysis of the protein of bean flour. Therefore, whole bean extracts were examined throughout a germination period of up to seven days for their lectin and phaseolin pattern, lectin content, binding capacities of functional lectins towards brush border membranes and trypsin inhibitor content. In addition thein vitro enzymatic hydrolysis by pepsin and pancreatin of the protein from flours of (un)germinated white kidney beans was studied. SDS-PAGE demonstrated a degradation of E-lectins and a disappearance of L-lectins and phaseolin during germination. Results indicated a decrease of the lectin content by 85%, a loss of binding capacities of functional lectins towards brush border membranes by 91%, and a decrease of trypsin inhibitors by 76%, in bean flour after germination for seven days. A maximum inin vitro enzymatic hydrolysis of protein from bean flour was already established after germination for half a day.     

Edible provenances of Jatropha curcas from Quintana Roo state of Mexico and effect of roasting on antinutrient and toxic factors in seeds

Seven seed samples of J. curcas, both in raw and roasted state, sold in some villages in Quintana Roo state, Mexico for human consumption were analyzed for physical characteristics, nutrients and antinutrients. The average seed weight varied from 0.53 to 0.74 g and kernel weight as proportion of raw seed weight was from 61 to 66%. The contents of crude protein, lipid and ash of kernels from raw seeds were 27–30%, 55–62% and 3.7–5.2% respectively. The levels of antinutrients in meal from the raw seeds were: trypsin inhibitor activity (14.6–28.7 mg trypsin inhibited/g), lectin (25.6–52.2 unit; one unit is the reverse of minimum amount of mg meal/ml assay which produced haemagglutination), saponins (1.9–2.3% as diosgenin equivalent) and phytate (8.4–10%). Phorbol esters in kernels from raw seeds were not detected in four samples and in other three samples it ranged from 0.01 to 0.02 mg/g as phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate equivalent. Roasting of seeds inactivated almost 100% of trypsin inhibitor activity. Although lectin activity reduced on roasting, it was still present in high amounts. Saponins, phytate and phorbol esters were not affected by roasting.     

脲酶抑制剂与硝化抑制剂对稻田土壤氮素转化的影响

【目的】本研究旨在阐明脲酶抑制剂(urease inhibitor,UI)和硝化抑制剂(nitrification inhibitor,NI)对稻田土壤氮素转化的影响,探讨抑制剂提高稻谷产量以及氮肥利用率的机理。【方法】本试验设在我国南方红壤稻田,共5个处理:1)不施氮肥(CK);2)尿素(U);3)尿素+脲酶抑制剂(U+UI);4)尿素+硝化抑制剂(U+NI);5)尿素+脲酶抑制剂+硝化抑制剂(U+UI+NI);脲酶抑制剂采用N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT),硝化抑制剂采用3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP)。在水稻分蘖期和孕穗期测定土壤脲酶活性、硝酸还原酶活性、土壤铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量以及微生物碳、氮的含量,分析NBPT与DMPP对水稻两个主要生育期土壤氮素供应的影响,比较各处理的产量以及氮肥利用率,通过逐步回归分析研究以上各指标对产量的影响,探明脲酶抑制剂NBPT与硝化抑制剂DMPP在稻田的增效机理。【结果】1)与单施尿素相比,添加NBPT以及NBPT与DMPP配施均显著提高稻谷产量与地上部氮素回收率,两个处理分别增产6.56%与8.24%,氮素回收率提高幅度为19.4%与23.7%。2)与单施尿素相比,添加NBPT以及NBPT与DMPP配施,显著降低水稻分蘖期的土壤脲酶活性和铵态氮含量,显著提高孕穗期的铵态氮含量,而对此时期的脲酶活性无显著影响,所有处理对两个时期的硝态氮含量、硝酸还原酶活性、微生物量碳、氮含量均无显著影响;因此,NBPT对于抑制脲酶活性以及提高铵态氮含量的作用主要在孕穗期之前,而单施DMPP没有显著效应。3)从各项土壤指标与水稻产量相关性的逐步回归分析结果来看,水稻分蘖期与孕穗期稻田土壤中铵态氮含量对水稻产量影响显著,而且孕穗期的影响大于分蘖期,其余指标则对产量无显著影响。【结论】脲酶抑制剂NBPT以及NBPT与硝化抑制剂DMPP配施显著提高孕穗期土壤中的铵态氮含量,显著提高稻谷产量以及地上部氮素回收率,证明了生产上氮肥后移的重要意义。     

水稻纹枯病菌拮抗菌B34分离鉴定及杀菌蛋白的获得

从水稻植株上分离到1株对水稻纹枯病菌有较好拮抗作用编号为B34的菌株,室内对水稻纹枯病菌的抑菌带达到10.3 mm。经生理、生化检测及细胞壁化学成分分析,确定其为致黄假单胞菌（Pseudomonas aureofaciens）。其代谢粗提物经蛋白酶作用,拮抗作用消失。经70%饱和度的（NH4）2SO4沉淀,透析后得到粗杀菌蛋白,分别上样SephadexG-100和DEAE纤维素32LKB柱层析系统,分离纯化了杀菌蛋白,经SDS-PAGE检测其分子量约为33.0 kDa,经低温、真空干燥,得到了该杀菌蛋白的结晶体。     

脲酶/硝化抑制剂配施氮肥对春玉米农田氨排放的影响

通过两年田间定位试验,探讨脲酶/硝化抑制剂配施氮肥在黑土区玉米体系中的氨减排及氮素增效效果.设置两种耕作模式(条耕和旋耕)和3种氮肥类型(常规尿素、添加脲酶抑制剂尿素、添加硝化抑制剂尿素).结果 表明,条耕产量和氮素利用率分别为8631 kg/hm2和33.4％,明显低于旋耕;氨挥发总量为20.6 kg/hm2,明显高...     

脲酶抑制剂对夏玉米产量及氮肥利用率的影响

2007～2009年在河北省正定、辛集、深州等地,对添加不同浓度脲酶抑制剂尿素在夏玉米上的应用效果进行评价。结果表明,添加不同浓度脲酶抑制剂的尿素对夏玉米有一定的增产效应,增产幅度为1.7%～20.5%。肥料利用率和收获后土壤无机氮含量均较普通尿素有明显的提高,表明脲酶抑制剂能显著减少尿素在土壤中的氮素损失。     

Nutritional studies on rats and fish (carp Cyprinus carpio) fed diets containing unheated and heated Jatropha curcas meal of a non-toxic provenance

Unheated and heated (121 ^°C, 66% moisture; 15, 30 and 45 min) Jatropha meals of non-toxic provenance from Veracruz state in Mexico were evaluated using rats and fish. With rats, the weight gain was highest for the casein diet followed by heated (30 min; only this treatment was studied using rats) and unheated Jatropha meal containing diets. The protein efficiency ratio (PER) for unheated and heated Jatropha meal containing diets was 37 and 86%, respectively, of the casein diet. On the other hand, the body weight gain, PER and feed conversion ratio of fish were statistically similar for unheated and heated (15, 30 and 45 min) Jatropha meal containing diets fed for a period of 35 days. Although these parameters were statistically similar for the unheated and heated Jatropha meal containing diets, the body weight gain, PER and protein productive value were highest and the feed conversion ratio lowest with 15 min heated Jatropha meal, suggesting that the heat treatment for 15 min is optimal for the meal. Trypsin inhibitor and lectin activities decreased drastically (>83 and 99%, respectively) after 30 and 45 min of heat treatment and after 15 min, the residual lectin activity was negligible and the residual trypsin inhibitor activity was 34%. These results, together with the nutritional parameters investigated, imply that Jatropha trypsin inhibitors and lectins do not have any adverse effects on carp at least up to 35 days of feeding. The nutritional value of Jatropha meal of the non-toxic provenance is high, and potential exists for its incorporation into the diets of monogastrics, fish and possibly humans.     

豆制品中胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性测定方法研究

利用紫外分光光度计，对豆制品中胰蛋白酶抑制剂在抑制牛胰蛋白酶活性反应前后的吸光值差异制作差值曲线，从而得出斜率与抑制剂活性之间关系的方法。并通过反复的实验对比，最终可以快速准确地测定大豆制品中胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性。     

黑豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂性质分析及高温对其消化特性的影响

胰蛋白酶抑制剂(trypsin inhibitor, TI)在食品科学和生物技术中具有重要的研究价值。为探讨黑豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂(black soybean trypsin inhibitor, BSTI)的性质及胃肠液消化特性,本研究通过脱脂、热处理、硫酸铵盐析以及阴离子柱层析等方法,从黑豆中纯化得到BSTI。SDS-PAGE显示BSTI呈单一条带,相对分子质量约为21 kDa。在60℃以下与pH2~11的范围内,BSTI呈现较高稳定性。当BSTI与胰蛋白酶的摩尔比达到1时,胰蛋白酶的活力被抑制在15%以下。抑制动力学结果表明,BSTI对胰蛋白酶的抑制属非竞争性抑制,其抑制常数Ki=0.24 nmol·L^-1。圆二色谱分析发现,在常温下BSTI的二级结构为:β-折叠43.4%,无规则卷曲29.0%,β-转角21.2%,α-螺旋8.1%。BSTI的变性温度为61±0.9℃。BSTI在模拟胃肠液消化过程中表现出很强的抗酶解作用,但经121℃热处理30 min后,其抗酶解作用显著降低,易被胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和胰凝乳蛋白酶等主要消化酶消化。     

Effects of heat treatments on trypsin inhibitor and hemagglutinating activities in winged bean

The effect of different heat treatments on inactivation of trypsin inhibitor and hemagglutinin of winged bean was investigated. Trypsin inhibitor extracted from winged bean meal was stable at 60 °C for 60 min. At 80 °C, the activity of the extracted inhibitor decreased by 25% within 5 min, and continued to decline gradually to a loss of 45% of activity after 30 min. When the extracted inhibitor was incubated at 100 °C, it exhibited a triphasic pattern of inactivation. The winged bean extract incubated at 60 °C lost 60% of its hemaggluinating activity within 30 min. At 80 °C, there was a complete loss of activity within 5 min. The microwave treatment to winged bean meal had no effect on trypsin inhibitor or hemagglutinating activities in the meal. However, infrared treatment to winged bean seeds for 60 seconds was effective in destroying most of the trypsin inhibitor and hemagglutinating activities. Autoclave treatment (120 °C at 15 lb pressure) for 10 min inactivated trypsin inhibitor and hemagglutinin in winged bean meal almost completely. Cooking of presoaked beans in boiling water for 30 min was effective in destroying most of the trypsin inhibitor and hemagglutinating activities.