共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 71 毫秒
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玉米雌雄穗开花间隔影响穗粒数的潜在原因研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
玉米的雌穗与雄穗开花的时间常不一致,导致了雌雄穗开花间隔(ASI)的产生.ASI的延长会导致玉米穗粒数的减少进而影响到产量.对同一品种而言,逆境会导致ASI的延长,但不同品种的反应并不一致.从植株内部的竞争、植株间的竞争、粒数与ASI的关系、花粉供应及雌花的适应度方面探讨了ASI影响穗粒数的潜在原因。 相似文献
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甘蓝型油菜生育期天数与产量构成性状的相关分析 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
对四川省大面积推广的甘蓝型油菜品种各生育期天数与单株产量及产量构成性状进行相关性和通径分析,结果表明:(1)营养生长天数和角果成熟天数均与单株产量显著正相关,开花天数与单株产量显著负相关;营养生长天数与每果粒数极显著正相关,但与千粒重负相关;开花天数与产量构成性状负相关;角果成熟天数与每果粒数及千粒重极显著正相关,但与单株有效角果数负相关.(2)各生育期天数对单株产量的作用主要通过产量构成性状的间接作用形成;生育期性状对每果粒数的作用大小为角果成熟天数>营养生长天数>开花天数;对千粒重的作用效果为角果成熟天数>开花天数>营养生长天数.因此,在甘蓝型油菜品种的选育中,在进行产量构成性状选择的同时,辅以生育期天数的选择,充分利用各性状间的相互作用,提高单株产量以到达高产的目的. 相似文献
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含非洲血缘玉米杂交种主要穗部性状与单株产量的相关及通径分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
主要对8个含非洲血缘的玉米杂交种主要穗部性状与其单株产量之间了进行相关和通径分析。相关分析表明,各穗部性状与单株产量之间均呈显著正相关,相关关系由大到小依次为百粒重、行粒数、穗长、穗行数、穗粗。通径分析结果表明:各穗部性状对单株产量的相对重要性依次为百粒重、穗长、穗行数、穗粗、行粒数。因此,为了获得含非洲血缘的高产玉米杂交种,应着重选择百粒重较大、穗长较长和穗行数较多的基因型,而对于穗粗和行粒数的选择标准可以放宽。 相似文献
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分子标记辅助选择下的玉米回交群体农艺性状分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以综3为受体亲本、衡白522为供体亲本,通过3代回交,利用SSR标记对BC3F1群体背景进行检测,并进行群体植株重要农艺性状的分析。结果表明,群体背景回复率在94.40%以上,平均回复率为97.75%,最高回复率为100%,远远高于经典遗传学背景回复率。农艺性状分析结果显示,背景回复率并未达到分子标记结果。分子标记辅助选择是提高育种选择效果加速育种进程的有效途径之一,针对数量性状控制的农艺性状的选择还需要进一步研究。 相似文献
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玉米在不同水分条件下开花相关性状的QTL分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Drought is one of the most important factors influencing maize yield.QTL analysis for related traits under water stress will facilitate the understanding of genetic mechanisms of drought tolerance and provide the basis of marker-assisted selection.The present study conducted QTL analysis of flowering-related traits including days to tasseling,days to silking,days to anthesis and anthesis to silking interval(ASI) under different water regimes in Xinjiang and Beijing,using 139 F2∶3 families of A188×91 Huang 15.Totally 26 QTL were found to be associated with the flowering-related traits under normal water conditions,with the range of LOD of 2.62-8.40 and the range of phenotypic variance explained of 9.1%-43.2%.A QTL located near the marker\"bnlg1176\" on chromosome 8 controlled days to tasseling,days to silking and days to anthesis.Meanwhile,six QTL were found to be associated with the flowering-related traits under drought stress,with the range of LOD of 2.6-5.6 and the range of phenotypic variance explained of 9.5%-58.0%.A QTL also located near the marker \"bnlg1176\" on chromosome 8 controlled days to tasseling and days to silking,which could explain 16.6% and 20.5% of phenotypic variance.The genomic region near bnlg1176 on chromosome 8 is presumed to be an important region because eight QTL were found. 相似文献
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以辽宁锦州农田试验站为研究地点,依托2015年田间分期播种试验,通过分析玉米植株生长发育和生理特征的数据,揭示干旱胁迫及补水对玉米不同播期和不同发育期的影响。试验表明,干旱胁迫对吐丝期的影响大于抽雄期,造成抽雄日期比正常年份推迟1~14 d,吐丝日期推迟5~23 d,抽雄、吐丝间隔日数增加为3~15 d。抽雄-吐丝期遇干旱胁迫,最多可造成24.03%的植株未抽雄、37.3%的植株抽雄后未吐丝、49.21%的植株未正常发育。干旱胁迫抑制植株茎秆的生长,同时加速了叶片的枯萎,对抽雄-吐丝期的影响大于拔节期,不仅阻碍茎秆营养物质的累积,还抑制了营养物质从茎秆向果实转移的生理过程,最终对干物质的分配造成叶重和茎重比例增加,穗重比例减少。干旱胁迫对各播期均造成大幅减产,早播播期(影响抽雄-吐丝期)损失严重,晚播播期(影响拔节期)损失相对较小。补水条件下的各播期玉米植株均能正常生长发育,发育期、植株性状和干物质分配等数据与正常年份接近。 相似文献
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Wender Santos Rezende Yoseph Beyene Stephen Mugo Eric Ndou Manje Gowda Julius Pyton Sserumaga Godfrey Asea Ismail Ngolinda McDonald Jumbo Sylvester O.Oikeh Michael Olsen Aluízio Borém Cosme Damião Cruz Boddupalli M.Prasanna 《作物学报(英文版)》2020,(1):107-118
Identification and deployment of high-yielding and stress-tolerant maize hybrids adapted to stress-prone agro-ecologies is important for improving the food security and livelihoods of smallholder farmers in eastern Africa.The objectives of this study were to(i)assess the performance of maize hybrids under well-watered and drought stress conditions;(ii)evaluate grain yield stability of 65 intermediate-maturing and 55 early-maturing hybrids in 24 well-watered locations and seven drought stress locations;and(iii)identify representative and/or discriminative testing locations for increasing genetic gains for the target traits.There were significant differences for grain yield among early-and intermediatematuring hybrids tested under well-watered and drought stress environments.Among the early-maturing hybrids,the top 10 hybrids produced 46.8%–73.9%and 31.2%–42.1%higher mean grain yields than the best commercial check under drought and well-watered conditions,respectively.Among the intermediate-maturing hybrids,the top 10 hybrids produced 25.2%–47.7%and 8.5%–13.5%higher grain yield than commercial checks under drought stress and well-watered conditions,respectively,suggesting improvement in the levels of drought tolerance in both early-and intermediate-maturing hybrids.GGE biplot analysis and a bi-segmented regression linear method identified specific early-maturing and intermediate-maturing hybrids that performed well under both well-watered and drought stress conditions.These hybrids could be recommended for commercial production in eastern Africa.Kakamega in Kenya was found to be the most representative and highly discriminating site among well-watered testing locations,while Kabuku in Tanzania was the least representative of test locations.For testing under drought stress conditions,Kiboko in Kenya was identified as the most representative location.This information could be useful for allocating resources and streamlining CIMMYT maize hybrid testing in eastern Africa. 相似文献
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数值分类法在玉米品种资源上的应用 总被引:9,自引:4,他引:5
本文应用主成分分析法对湖北省201份玉米品种资源的28个性状进行分析,结果表明,前7个主成分对变异的累计贡献率达79.5%,以前7个主成分为综合指标进行系统聚类,在遗传距离D2=1.50水平上聚成7大类;不同类群间的性状具有明显差异,而类群内特征相似;其中Ⅲ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ类为综合性状较好的种质类群。 相似文献
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设置大田试验,利用吐丝期自然干旱胁迫研究灌水(自然干旱、灌水30 mm、灌水60 mm,分别为W0、W1和W2)和施氮(0、100、200、300 kg/hm~2,分别为N0、N1、N2、N3)对玉米产量、干物质累积与分配、氮素吸收与利用的影响及其耦合效应,并探讨适宜的水、氮组合调控措施。结果表明,吐丝期自然干旱条件下灌水和施氮均显著影响玉米成熟期的产量、干物质累积量、收获指数、氮素吸收量及氮肥利用效率,且两种措施具有显著的交互作用。W2N3处理的玉米产量最高,达9 666 kg/hm~2。干物质累积量和氮素吸收量随灌水量、施氮量的变化趋势与产量类似,收获指数和氮素利用效率存在明显差异。W0N0和W1N0处理的收获指数相比其他处理显著偏低,说明干旱和缺氮限制干物质向子粒的转运分配。玉米施用氮肥的表观利用率、农学利用率和偏生产力在灌水条件下均显著高于自然干旱条件,随施氮量增加而逐渐降低,均在W2N1处理达最高。 相似文献
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不同株型高产玉米蒸腾作用的研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
在夏玉米亩产吨粮的研究中,测定了平展型玉米各单40和紧凑型玉米掖单6号大喇叭口期和吐丝期不同叶位不同密度的蒸腾速率(Tr)及其日变化.结果看出:鲁单40的Tr高于掖单6号,大喇叭口期Tr高于吐丝期.玉米前期上部展开或即将展开的叶Tr较高,后期中部和上部较高.Tr的日变化为单峰曲线,中午最高.增加种植密度使Tr减少,鲁单40玉米的Tr受密度影响较大. 相似文献
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田间试验结果表明,杂交蓖麻的单株果稳数增加时,果穗秃尖增长,有效果穗长度缩短,单稳有效果数量减少,百粒重略有下降,但单株有效果的总数增加,单株产量相应提高。每株留3个一级果稳产量最高,比留1个、2个、4个和5个一级果穗的分别增产78.2%、48.8%、13.2%和11.9%。 相似文献