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Mehmood Jan Gulmeena Shah Huang Yuqing Liu Xuejiao Zheng Peng Du Hao Chen Hao Tu Jumin 《水稻科学》2021,28(1):99-108
In order to create novel germplasm resources for breeding heat tolerant variety,we transferred a dominant allele OsHTAS,previously characterized and cloned from a high-temperature tolerant local variety HT54,which was collected from the rice production area of southern China,into a high-temperature sensitive intermediate breeding line HT13 through six rounds of successive backcross by using marker-assisted selection.The molecular analysis showed that the recovery of genetic background of a resultant near isogenic line(NIL),MHT13,was around 99.8%.The OsHTAS gene introduced in the MHT13 expressed normally in the HT13 genetic background,mediating heat tolerance and phenotype similar to those of the donor parent HT54.The major agronomic traits of MHT13 resembled those of the recurrent parent HT13.Moreover,MHT13 had high general combining ability and its rice quality reached the grade 3 standard of edible high-quality rice issued by Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China,which greatly improved its application value in rice production. 相似文献
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安化山区稻象甲为害猖獗原因与防治对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
多年的调查表明,稻田周围植被覆盖率高,越冬及栖息场所复杂,一季稻面积大,抗药性强,虫口密度高等是稻象甲为害猖獗的主要原因。铲除田边、沟边杂草,多犁多耙,单季改双季,糖醋液毒杀,点灯诱杀成虫,艾美乐防治成虫,克百威防治幼虫,是较为有效的防控措施。 相似文献
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全国烤烟良种区域试验的现状与问题探讨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
阐述并探讨了全国烤烟良种区域试验的现状,对全国烤烟良种从区试组织管理、方法、试验设计和试验布局等方面作了综述,指出了区试中存在的如对照品种、统一密码编号等方面的问题,并对今后工作提出了建议。 相似文献
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Christian Okechukwu Anyaoha Mamadou Fofana Vernon Gracen Pangirayi Tongoona Semon Mande 《水稻科学》2019,26(1):32-41
FUNAABOR-2 is a popular Ofada rice variety grown in a large area under rainfed upland condition across western states of Nigeria. We used the combination of phenotypic and marker-assisted selection(MAS) to improve grain yield of FUNAABOR-2 under drought stress(DS) at the reproductive stage via introgression of two drought quantitative trait loci(QTLs), qDTY12.1 and qDTY2.3. Foreground selection was carried out using peak markers RM511 and RM250, associated with qDTY12.1 and qDTY2.3, respectively, followed by recombinant selection with RM28099 and RM1261 distally flanking qDTY12.1. Furthermore, BC1 F2-derived introgressed lines and their parents were evaluated under DS and non-stress(NS) conditions during the 2015–2016 dry season. Overall reduction of grain yield under DS compared to NS was recorded. Introgressed lines with qDTY12.1 and qDTY2.3 combinations showed higher yield potential compared to lines with single or no QTL under DS, indicating significant positive interactions between the two QTLs under the FUNAABOR-2 genetic background. Pyramiding of qDTY12.1 and qDTY2.3 in the FUNAABOR-2 genetic background led to higher grain yield production under DS and NS. 相似文献
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先杂棉1号种植的气象条件与栽培技术 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
笔者于2006年在植棉老农曹灯元的高产示范田据实地观测,该农户试种先杂棉1号表现十分突出,子棉产量达7 626 kg/hm2。综合其田间长势和考种结果表明,该品种长势强、后劲足、易早发、不早衰、棉铃大、衣分高、品质优。且前期营养生长势比较旺盛,上桃相对较分散,盛结伏桃,猛结早秋桃。深受农民群众欢迎,值得推广。1试验概况试种地点定在都昌县蔡岭镇东风村曹炎自然村,棉田灌溉条件较好,土地肥沃的红壤地,在油菜收获后及时移栽棉花。试验于4月4日播种,4月24日移栽,6月15日现蕾,6月20日进入盛蕾期,6月30日始花,8月7日打顶,8月26日吐絮,全生育期13… 相似文献
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Sena L.P. VanderJagt D.J. Rivera C. Tsin A.T.C. Muhamadu I. Mahamadou O. Millson M. Pastuszyn A. Glew R.H. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(1):17-30
In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply. 相似文献
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通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT50)的变异范围为-7.6~-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。 相似文献
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橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为1:2048。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达30%-37%,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达85.7%。 相似文献
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为深入研究昆虫病原真菌蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的功能,根据蝉拟青霉基因组信息克隆疏水蛋白PChyd基因,对该基因序列进行生物信息学分析,使用qRT-PCR技术对其在不同培养条件或阶段下的表达模式进行分析,并通过酶切酶连的方法构建了该基因的敲除载体。结果表明:PChyd基因的开放阅读框序列全长303 bp,编码100 aa,包含22 aa的信号肽序列和70 aa疏水蛋白功能区域。系统发育分析显示该基因与粗糙虫草菌亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR结果显示PChyd基因在PDA培养的菌丝体、诱导的附着胞、诱导的芽生孢子中表达量显著高于另外2个样品,其中芽生孢子表达量最高,暗示该基因在蝉拟青霉侵染初期和在昆虫血腔中定殖阶段可能具有重要作用。凝胶电泳结果表明,成功构建了该基因的敲除载体,扩增出含有上臂、HPH、下臂的3356 bp左右的片段。本研究为进一步探究蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的致病机理、生防工程菌的改造奠定了基础。 相似文献
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波罗蜜叶片突变体叶绿素含量测定和超微结构观察 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
波罗蜜(Artocarpus heterophyllus)是一种热带果树,至今对其突变体的研究少有报道。本研究以波罗蜜叶片为试验材料,探究其叶片出现白化和返绿现象的可能原因。(1)用分光光度计法、比色法测定波罗蜜叶片突变体和正常绿叶的叶绿素及叶绿素前体物质含量;(2)用叶绿素酶Elisa试剂盒测定叶绿素酶活性;(3)用透射电子显微镜对叶绿体的超微形态结构进行观察。研究结果表明:(1)不同叶色所产生的叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、叶绿素总含量、类胡萝卜素含量均存在显著差异;(2)波罗蜜叶片突变体和正常绿叶的叶绿素合成前体物质含量之间并没有出现显著性差异;(3)对波罗蜜叶片的叶绿素酶活性进行测定时,发现其活性出现显著差异,但对其叶绿素含量的差异性并没有产生较大影响;(4)观察波罗蜜叶片内叶绿体超微形态结构时,发现正常绿叶的叶绿体形态完好且数量较多,白化叶和返绿叶的叶绿体内部结构存在缺陷,其原因是叶绿体基粒构建阶段受阻;基于测定波罗蜜叶片中的叶绿素、叶绿素前体物质含量和叶绿素酶活性,并观察波罗蜜叶片内叶绿体的超微形态结构,对得到的数据结果进行比较分析。本研究推测是在叶绿素合成阶段,原脱植基叶绿素合成叶绿素时受阻及叶绿体发不良导致波罗蜜出现白化和返绿现象,为今后进一步综合研究波罗蜜突变体提供理论依据。 相似文献
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MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员(HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1)定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明:MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。 相似文献
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Insect pest management is facing the economic and ecological challenge worldwide due to the human and environmental hazards caused by majority of the synthetic pesticide chemicals. Identification of novel effective insecticidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates. Botanicals containing active insecticidal phytochemicals appear to be promising to address some of these problems. Therefore, there is a continuous need to explore new active molecules with different mechanisms of action. Secondary metabolites present in plants apparently function as defense (toxic), which inhibits reproduction and other processes. The phytochemical biomolecules could be used for maximizing the effectiveness and specificity in future insecticide design with specific or multiple target sites, while ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and insecticidal activity, their mechanism of action in insects, resistance, and promising advances made in phytochemical research are reviewed. 相似文献
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马铃薯黑痣病是土传真菌性病害,在定西市马铃薯种植区均有发生,目前已成为影响马铃薯产量和品质的主要因素之一。本研究对马铃薯黑痣病菌从温度、光照、碳源、氮源以及p H方面进行了生物学特性的测定。结果表明:该病原菌菌丝在无光25℃条件下生长最快,在无光35℃条件下生长最慢;室温条件下培养1 d后用紫外线照射处理2 h,然后室温持续光照培养4 d的菌丝生长速率最大,持续黑暗培养4 d的菌丝生长速率最慢;不同碳氮源对该菌菌丝生长均有影响,碳源为淀粉的培养基上菌丝生长最快、氮源为尿素的培养基上菌丝生长最快;培养基p H中性时菌丝生长速率最大。 相似文献