苏杂16在徐淮地区的表现及高产栽培技术

苏杂１６在徐淮地区的表现及高产栽培技术①佟道方朱炳勋赵阶玉李永建江苏省铜山县农业技术推广中心铜山２２１１１１苏杂１６是江苏省农科院经作所等单位选配的陆地棉品种间杂交种，１９９６年通过安徽省农作物品种审定。我县自１９８９年开始引种，经多年品种比较试验、...     

中杂028的选育及应用

中杂０２８的选育及应用靖深蓉，邢朝柱，袁有禄，刘少林，王海林中国农科院棉花所４５５１１２我国近几年来种植杂交棉的面积逐年增大，据１９９４年初不完全统计，该年全国杂交棉面积３４万多公顷，其中面积较大的是中杂０２８、冀杂２９、苏杂１６等。中杂０２８的特点...     

苏杂16选育及生产应用的经验与体会

苏杂１６ 是江苏省“八五”科技攻关的研究成果，是根据江苏省发展“三高”农业的需要，针对长江中下游棉区的生态特点，采用人工制种方法育成的中熟陆地棉品种间杂交种。苏杂１６成功地打破了产量与品质、抗性的负相关，集高产、优质、抗病于一体，具有广泛的适应性和Ｍ代可利用的特点。“苏杂１６”１９９２年被列入江苏省１０个农业扩大示范项目，１９９５年被江苏省科委和江苏省科技报社联合推荐为’９５江苏优秀科技产品，１９９６年在国家科委举办的‘八五’农业科技攻关成果博览会中被评为优秀项目，同年 ５月通过安徽省品种审定并被…     

苏杂3号地膜精播稀植栽培技术初探

苏杂3号是江苏省农科院最新培育的抗虫杂交棉,生产上表现出高产优质、抗逆性强等优势,在江苏省迅速推广.为探讨苏杂3号地膜精播稀植种植技术,解决常规育苗移栽用工多、管理繁、劳动强度大及常规地膜直播棉用种多、成本高等现实问题,实现抗虫杂交棉精播稀植、省工节本、高产优质目标,2007年在江苏省灌云县洋桥农场进行了苏杂3号地膜精播稀植技术试验.     

苏杂16在热带地区的适应性及其配套栽培技术

苏杂１６是江苏育成的第一个通过省级审定的陆地棉品种间杂交种，进入生产示范以后表现出显著的杂种优势和广泛的适应性，国内多省市先后引进种植，巴西、印歌尼等国家也多次引进试种和示范，均收到良好的效果。１９９６～１９９８年在印度尼西亚的南加里曼丹省等地引种苏杂１６，表现出对热带生态条件具有较好的适应性，抗病性和产量表现理想，纤维品质优良，符合当地纺织企业对原棉品质的要求。１　苏杂１６引种效果１－１　引种地条件　引种地位于印尼的南加里曼丹省，南纬３°左右，东径约１１５°。年平均温度２６－８℃，热量资源和光…     

转基因抗虫杂交棉新品种苏杂208对棉铃虫的抗性鉴定

对苏杂208在江苏省棉花新品种区域试验以及农业部转基因生物安全性评价试验中的抗虫性表现、抗虫株率以及植株器官Bt毒蛋白表达量进行了分析。结果表明:(1)4次鉴定苏杂208叶片幼虫死亡率分别为56.75%、66.39%、58.09%和65.82%,与对照苏棉9号的差异达极显著水平,苏杂208对棉铃虫具有显著抗性且全生育期抗性特征稳定。(2)抗虫株率为97%,抗性纯合度高。(3)苏杂208在不同时期叶片中Bt毒蛋白表达量存在差异,在蕾期达到最高619.76ng·g-1,盛蕾期幼蕾、盛花期幼铃分别为417.85ng·g-1、141.69ng·g-1。     

大麦DUF668家族基因鉴定及表达分析

DUF668家族基因对植物逆境胁迫响应有重要作用。为探讨大麦DUF668家族基因的结构及表达模式，采用生物信息学的方法对大麦DUF668基因结构、蛋白结构、系统进化树、共线性及表达模式进行了分析。结果显示，供试大麦中共鉴定出9个DUF668基因，分布在5条染色体上。系统发育进化树将9个DUF668基因分为三个亚组，第Ⅰ亚组包括HvDUF668-01、HvDUF668-02和HvDUF668-09，内含子数量较多，均有11个内含子；第Ⅲ亚组包括HvDUF668-04、HvDUF668-05、HvDUF668-07和HvDUF668-08，内含子数0~3个，其中HvDUF668-04与HvDUF668-05没有内含子；第Ⅱ亚组包括HvDUF668-03和HvDUF668-06，内含子数量（9和7）介于第Ⅰ亚组和第Ⅲ亚组之间。蛋白保守基序分析表明，9个蛋白均含有DUF668保守结构域的特征序列及DUF3475保守结构域的特征序列（HvDUF668-06除外）；第Ⅰ亚组蛋白的Motif数量（8~10个）比第Ⅱ、Ⅲ亚组（4~6个）多，且包含第Ⅱ、Ⅲ亚组中的所有Motif。表达谱分析表明，不同DUF668基因在不同组织和发育时期的表达量存在差异，HvDUF668-09在颖果中的表达量随着颖果的发育而升高，而HvDUF668-01和HvDUF668-02则相反；HvDUF668-01和HvDUF668-02在花序中的表达量随着花序的发育而升高。qRT-PCR结果显示，受黄矮病病毒侵染大麦幼苗与未受侵染幼苗相比，HvDUF668-04、HvDUF668-05和HvDUF668-08表达量提高了100~180倍。     

抗病高产棉花杂交种——苏杂16

抗病高产棉花杂交种——苏杂１６钱大顺张香桂朱烨谢麒麟许乃银江苏省农科院经作所南京２１００１４袁占坤端木鑫展金奇纪从亮马继发江苏省农林厅作栽站苏杂１６系江苏省农科院经作所与江苏省农林厅作栽站协作，采用人工去雄授粉育成的陆地棉新杂交种。父母本为宁１０１和...     

转基因抗虫杂交棉--中棉所52

中棉所52(原代号GKz中杂A49-668、中抗杂5号)是由中国农业科学院生物技术研究所提供抗虫基因,经中国农业科学院棉花研究所多年选育而成。该杂交种母本来源于自育丰产抗病品系P5, 父本来源于国产转基因抗虫棉GK1。2001-2003     

转基因抗虫杂交棉豫宝杂369

豫宝杂369（GKz54）棉花杂交品种是河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所棉花多抗育种研究室利用中国农业科学院生物技术研究所的基因品种杂交选育而成。2002年做杂交生产F1子．2003年进行单比试验,筛选出由G0269（鲁21系1作母本、G0203（豫棉668选系1作父本的杂交组合。2004年进行了产比及多点试验,选育成功豫宝杂369（保杂3691杂交棉。     

Milling,functional and thermo-mechanical properties of wheat,rye, triticale,barley and oat

The milling potential of hulled barley, hulled oat, triticale, rye and wheat was studied using a long tempering process and a laboratory four-roller mill. Regardless of the investigated cereal, the results indicated a significant influence (p < 0.05) of volume per surface area ratio on the milling yield and ash contents of the flour. The lowest milling yield was obtained in case of hulled oat. Solvent retention capacity profiles were determined for all investigated whole cereals and flours for predicting the contribution of different polymers to the functionality of samples. For all solvents higher values were obtained for the whole cereals compared to the corresponding flour. Thermo-mechanical properties of the whole cereals and refined flours were also investigated. If in case of wheat the gluten proteins play an essential role on dough behaviour during kneading at 30 °C, in case of triticale, rye, hulled barley and hulled oat, the fibers play a major role as well. Thermo-mechanical properties of starch registered a large variation between cereals and/or flours. The lowest torque value corresponding to starch gelatinization (C3) was registered in case of the hulled oat flour, 1.92 Nm, while the highest value in case of rye flour, 2.65 Nm.     

Study of antimicrobial activity of aloevera, chitosan, and curcumin on cotton, wool, and rabbit hair

Aloevera, chitosan, and curcumin were applied in alone and in combination with each others on cotton, wool and rabbit hair by exhaustion method for the assessment of their antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of these natural ingredients was better in peroxide treated cotton, formic acid treated wool/rabbit hair fibrous substrates than their corresponding intact ones. Aloevera shown better antimicrobial activity than chitosan and curcumin when applied alone and its antimicrobial activity was enhanced by addition of both chitosan and curcumin. The application of aloevera+chitosan+curcumin combination on peroxide treated cotton and formic acid treated wool/rabbit hair fibrous substrate was fast up to twenty five washing cycles.     

Characterization of starches of proso,foxtail, barnyard,kodo, and little millets

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) pictures of small millet starch granules showed more large polygonal and few small spherical or polygonal granules. The granules of small millets resembled those of rice starch granules. The size of the starch granules ranged from 0.8–10 m. The size of the granules was larger in barnyard millet and smaller in proso millet. Several granules showed deep indentation caused by protein bodies. SEM of starch isolated from 24 hour-germinated kodo millet showed pitting or pinholes at some points due to the attack of amylases (preferentially on bigger granules). Brabender viscoamylograph studies on small millet starches revealed that the gelatinization temperatures ranged from 75.8 to 84.9 ^° C. Barnyard millet possessed lower amylograph viscosity, minimum breakdown, and relative breakdown values when compared to the other small millets.     

Structure Elucidation of New Acetylated Saponins,Lessoniosides A,B, C,D, and E,and Non-Acetylated Saponins,Lessoniosides F and G,from the Viscera of the Sea Cucumber Holothuria lessoni

Sea cucumbers produce numerous compounds with a wide range of chemical structural diversity. Among these, saponins are the most diverse and include sulfated, non-sulfated, acetylated and methylated congeners with different aglycone and sugar moieties. In this study, MALDI and ESI tandem mass spectrometry, in the positive ion mode, were used to elucidate the structure of new saponins extracted from the viscera of H. lessoni. Fragmentation of the aglycone provided structural information on the presence of the acetyl group. The presence of the O-acetyl group was confirmed by observing the mass transition of 60 u corresponding to the loss of a molecule of acetic acid. Ion fingerprints from the glycosidic cleavage provided information on the mass of the aglycone (core), and the sequence and type of monosaccharides that constitute the sugar moiety. The tandem mass spectra of the saponin precursor ions [M + Na]⁺ provided a wealth of detailed structural information on the glycosidic bond cleavages. As a result, and in conjunction with existing literature, we characterized the structure of five new acetylated saponins, Lessoniosides A–E, along with two non-acetylated saponins Lessoniosides F and G at m/z 1477.7, which are promising candidates for future drug development. The presented strategy allows a rapid, reliable and complete analysis of native saponins.     

Phytosterol,Squalene, Tocopherol Content and Fatty Acid Profile of Selected Seeds,Grains, and Legumes

The unsaponifiable lipid fraction of plant-based foods is a potential source of bioactive components such as phytosterols, squalene, and tocopherols. The objective of the present study was to determine the levels of phytosterols, and squalene, as well as tocopherols (α and β + γ) in selected grains, seeds, and legumes. The method comprised acid hydrolysis and lipid extraction followed by alkaline saponification, prior to analysis by HPLC. In addition, the fatty acid profile of the foods was determined via total lipid extraction, fatty acid derivitisation and GC analysis. In general, β-sitosterol was the most prevalent phytosterol, ranging in concentration from 24.9 mg/100 g in pumpkin seed to 191.4 mg/100 g in peas. Squalene identified in all foods examined in this study, was particularly abundant in pumpkin seed (89.0 mg/100 g). The sum of α- and β+ γ-tocopherols ranged from 0.1 mg/100 g in rye to 15.9 mg/100 g in pumpkin seeds. Total oil content ranged from 0.9% (w/w) in butter beans to 42.3% (w/w) in pumpkin seed and the type of fat, in all foods examined, was predominantly unsaturated. In conclusion, seeds, grains, and legumes are a rich natural source of phytosterols. Additionally, they contain noticeable amounts of squalene and tocopherols, and in general, their fatty acid profile is favorable.     

氮磷钾肥对稻米铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量的影响

 采用田间试验，在四川省西昌市用两个水稻品种研究了氮、磷、钾肥施用量对稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量的影响。结果表明，稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量均随着施氮量增加先上升后下降，滇屯502的铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量都以施用90 kg/hm2 N最高，稻谷产量以施用180 kg/hm2 N最高；而合系39的铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙的含量以施用180 kg/hm2 N最高，稻谷产量以施用270 kg/hm2 N最高，说明供试籼型品种滇屯502对氮肥的敏感性较粳型品种合系39强；磷肥明显降低了稻米中铁、铜、锰、钙的含量和产量，适量增施磷肥有利于增加稻米中镁的含量和产量；适量施用钾肥有利于提高稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰含量和产量，两供试品种铁、锌、铜、锰含量均以90 kg/hm2 K2O时最高，而钾肥明显降低了稻米中镁、钙的含量和产量。     

Temperature,cyanide, and oxygen effects on the respiration,chip color,sugars, and organic acids of stored tubers

The possibility that sugar accumulation of potatoes stored at low temperatures may be linked to activation of cyanide-resistant respiration (CRR) was investigated. After a lag period of several days, continuous HCN treatment stimulated CO₂ production of tubers stored in 20% O₂. At 1°C in 20% O₂, HCN treatment increased respiration over that effected by low temperature treatment. After several weeks of treatment, cyanide-stimulated CO₂ production was greater at 1°C than at 10°C. Sucrose and malate levels of HCN treated tubers were sometimes higher than those of the 10°C control tubers, but they were always lower than those of the 1°C control tubers. This indicated that CRR alone could not account for the sugar increases at 1°C. Storage in 2% O₂ blocked the increase in CO₂ production and changes in constituents associated with HCN treatments in 20% O₂. HCN treatment had no significant effect on chip color. The level of CRR was measured in freshly cut slices from Monona, Norchip, and Kennebec tubers previously stored at 10°, 5°, or 1°C for several months. Slices from tubers previously stored at 1°C had increased CRR, but there was no difference in CRR between the 5°C and 10°C treatments. Sugars accumulated at 5°C, again indicating that sugar accumulation in potatoes stored at low temperatures was at least partially independent of the activation of CRR.     

On the Chemistry,Toxicology and Genetics of the Cyanobacterial Toxins,Microcystin, Nodularin,Saxitoxin and Cylindrospermopsin

The cyanobacteria or “blue-green algae”, as they are commonly termed, comprise a diverse group of oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria that inhabit a wide range of aquatic and terrestrial environments, and display incredible morphological diversity. Many aquatic, bloom-forming species of cyanobacteria are capable of producing biologically active secondary metabolites, which are highly toxic to humans and other animals. From a toxicological viewpoint, the cyanotoxins span four major classes: the neurotoxins, hepatotoxins, cytotoxins, and dermatoxins (irritant toxins). However, structurally they are quite diverse. Over the past decade, the biosynthesis pathways of the four major cyanotoxins: microcystin, nodularin, saxitoxin and cylindrospermopsin, have been genetically and biochemically elucidated. This review provides an overview of these biosynthesis pathways and additionally summarizes the chemistry and toxicology of these remarkable secondary metabolites.     

Dyeing, fastness, and deodorizing properties of cotton, silk, and wool fabrics dyed with gardenia, coffee sludge, Cassia tora. L., and pomegranate extracts

Four kinds of natural dying solutions (natural colorant extracts) were obtained by extraction from gardenia, coffee sludge, Cassia tora. L., and pomegranate using water at 90°C for 90 min with a liquor ratio (solid natural colorant material/solvent water, weight ratio) of 1/10. The dyeing, colour fastness, and deodorizing properties of cotton, silk, and wool fabrics dyed with natural colorant extracts were compared. It was found that these properties were significantly dependent on the concentration of extracts, the structure of colorant, and the kind of fabrics. The order of colour strength (K/S) is Cassia tora. L., pomegranate, coffee sludge, and gardenia. Colour fastness (light, water, and perspiration fastness) was in the range of 2nd–5th grades. The deodorizing performance of fabrics dyed with various natural colorant extracts was in the range of 50–99 %. The deodorizing performance increased in the order of gardenia < Cassia tora. L. < coffee sludge < pomegranate. Especially, the deodorizing performance of all fabrics dyed with pomegranate was found to be highest at 99 %.