气候变暖对茶叶生产的影响

茶树是一种亚热带常绿叶用植物,其特性喜温暖、湿润的气候条件,因此,茶叶产量和品质除了取决于茶树的品种、树龄、土壤、管理等因素外,气候条件起着举足轻重的作用,而其中温度条件起着主要作用.本文通过对积温与茶叶的产量和采摘期的同步分析,研究了气候变暖对茶叶生产的影响,为茶树的品质改良、引种等提供了一定的科学依据.     

茶树病原真菌侵染初期的病理分析

茶树病害种类很多,大多是由病原真菌侵染所致.其侵入机制可分为诱导侵入和主动侵入.通过分析诱导侵入和主动侵入的条件与程序,茶树病原真菌在组织内的寄生和扩展,茶树细胞和组织对病原真菌的防卫反应,旨在为茶树主要病害的无害化治理提供理论依据.     

茶树在不同天气条件及昼夜的光合作用(初报)

1.茶树光合作用的昼夜变化,随着温度等条件为转移,光照强,温度较高,则光合作用进行最强。因而一天当中8～10时,14～16时为光合作用的两个高峯。2.丰产茶园和一般茶园的茶树,光合作用进行在早晨和下午的两个低峯时,二者强度相差不大,而高峯时的光合作用强度,则丰产茶树远高于一般茶树。3.在阴天、雨天及月夜等弱光条件下,茶树均能进行光合作用。     

茶树旱害发生的原因及预防措施

茶树旱害是指在长期无雨或少雨的气候条件下,造成茶树生长受阻、植株死亡以致茶叶减产的气象灾害.茶树是一种常绿叶用植物,对水分有很高的需求,当茶园土壤和大气缺水时,就不能按需供给茶树水分,出现旱害,使茶叶生产受到影响[1].     

格鲁吉亚茶树育种的总结和展望

格鲁吉亚茶树育种工作的目的在于培育出高产、优质、免疫、抗寒的品种,更好地适应苏联亚热带地区土壤气候条件。苏联早期的茶树育种工作是在巴哈达兹K.E.院士主持下进行的。在她的领导下,提供了丰富的经验,为茶树育种的研究奠定     

我省凤凰水仙、乐昌白毛茶、海南大叶种被认定为全国第一批茶树优良品种

1984年11月在厦门召开的全国茶树良种审定委员会第二次会议,对全国各产茶省申报的传统茶树良种进行审定.按照茶树良种审定条件,结合茶树在生产中应用的实际情况,认定了三十个传统茶树优良品种作为全国第一批茶树良种,我省的凤凰水仙、乐昌白毛茶、海南大叶种属于第一批认定品种.茶树良种在茶叶生产中举足轻重,对全国第一批认定的茶树良种,各地应因地制宜推广应用,加速我国茶树良种化,以不断提高茶叶质量,发展茶叶商品生产.     

茶园中泡囊—灌木状菌根（VAM）侵染百分率与土壤磷含量的关系

在日本的大部分茶园,PH值低于5.0的酸性土壤,都能适应茶树生长.在酸性土壤中,铝被解离并具有一定的生理活性.因此,许多植物受到铝解离后的毒性影响.由于铝和磷形成化合物导致植物缺磷症是毒性影响之一.但茶树却未发现有铝中毒现象.如果它们之间有差异的话,这可能是铝的存在刺激了茶树生长和磷的吸收的原因(Kon-ishi et al.1985).茶树在水培试验条件     

老茶园换种新技术讲座第四讲影响茶树嫁接成活因子与嫁接换种效应分析

茶树嫁接成活率的高低,受诸多因子的影响,如砧穗的亲和性、砧穗的质量、嫁接时期和嫁接技术等.了解这些因子对茶树嫁接带来的影响,努力改善嫁接条件,有利于提高茶树嫁接成活率.此外,利用嫁接技术进行老茶园的改植换种,带来的已不仅仅是改换良种的效应,它涉及茶树的生育、生态的保持、经济效益等多方面的效应,深刻认识嫁接换种带来的各种效应,对该项工作的开展有促进作用.     

影响茶叶中茶多酚含量的因素分析

本文从茶树种类、茶树生长环境、茶叶加工过程、茶叶贮存条件及茶叶冲泡条件等导致茶叶中茶多酚含量变化的因素展开综述分析,并提出相应改进策略,为茶多酚的研究、生产和应用提供科学参考.     

重庆茶树良种工作的现状及建议

现代农业中,品种良种化是重要的一环.茶树是一种个体发育时间较长的多年生叶用作物,一经种植就长达数十年,因此,实行茶树良种化,用良种建立高产、稳产、优质茶园,是茶叶生产上一项重要的基本建设.茶树品种是茶叶生产最重要的生产资料,而优良茶树品种则是实现高产、优质和高效茶业的前提,也是茶叶可持续发展的物质基础.在市场竞争条件下,茶叶竞争是质量的竞争,归根结底是品种的竞争.茶树优良品种具有产量高、品质好、抗逆性强等特点;尤其是无性系良种,它具有发芽整齐,嫩度、色泽一致,芽叶大小均匀等生物学特性,便于采摘和机制,而且用无性系良种加工的名优茶价高,效益好,充分体现了无性系良种的品质优势.     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.