优质蛋白玉米陕单17的选育及应用研究

优质蛋白早熟玉米单交种陕单17是西北农林科技大学农学院专用玉米研究室1996年用高赖氨酸自交系Y77QPM为母本,高赖氮酸自选自交系Y76QPM为父本杂交育成.赖氨酸含量0.46%,蛋白质含量11.53%,较对照农大108早熟6 d,综合抗性好,产量与普通玉米对照接近,具子粒饲用和粮饲兼用等特点.适宜在陕西乃至黄淮海区夏播或春播地区推广种植.它的子粒品质是本届区试中惟一达到国家普通玉米一等、食用玉米一等、饲用玉米一等、优质蛋白玉米二等的品种,黄淮海夏播区新一代优质蛋白玉米接班品种,该品种已申报国家植物新品     

生态环境与种植密度对玉米产量和品质的影响

玉米子粒产量和品质决定于基因型和环境因素。通过在辽宁省内的沈阳、铁岭、丹东三地种植连玉16、丹玉39、郑单958两类不同株型品种,系统比较了玉米产量、品质的密度效应以及不同生态区玉米产量和品质的差异,并分析了差异的原因。结果表明,连玉16、丹玉39、郑单958这3个品种的产量、总淀粉含量、粗蛋白含量、粗脂肪含量在3个地点之间都达到了显著差异水平,3个品种的产量以沈阳试点最高,铁岭试点次之,丹试点东最低;3个品种的粗脂肪含量为沈阳试点>丹东试点>铁岭试点;粗蛋白含量丹东试点>沈阳试点>铁岭试点;总淀粉含量为铁岭试点>沈阳试点>丹东试点。三地光照、积温和降水量的不同是造成产量差异的重要原因,同时也是玉米子粒品质形成的关键因子。通过品种、密度等调控措施来充分利用生态资源,发挥区域优势,可实现辽宁省玉米的优质高产。     

生态环境条件对玉米产量和品质的影响

本试验在吉林省东部冷凉湿润区、中部半湿润区及西部半干旱区,选择高油、高淀粉和普通耐密型有代表性的玉米品种通油1号、四单19和四密25。在相同施肥水平、同一品种、异地种植、相同密度的条件下,研究生态环境条件对玉米子粒产量和品质中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗淀粉及赖氨酸含量的影响,获得各自变化的不同趋势。     

优质蛋白玉米云优19引(育)应用研究

云优19是我区引入的一个优质蛋白玉米杂交种,通过试验、示范,表现为适应性广、抗逆性强、稳产性好、子粒白色、硬粒、霉坏少等特点.适宜临沧地区山区、半山区示范种植,作为群改种替换品种示范推广增产效果更为明显.品质优良,粗蛋白含量达9.65%,粗脂肪含量达4.7%,赖氨酸含量达0.4%。     

种植密度对3个玉米杂交种产量及品质的影响

2002年在吉林省梨树,以中单9409、郑单18和哲单14为试材,在30000、60000、90000和120000株/hm2种植密度下,研究了种植密度对3个玉米品种产量及子粒品质的影响。结果表明,3个品种产量的种植密度效应基本相同,产量随种植密度增加先升后降。随种植密度增加,高淀粉玉米郑单18的蛋白质含量和油分含量逐渐下降,淀粉含量上升,而蛋白质、油分、淀粉含量之和穴POSC雪呈现升-降-升的变化趋势。普通玉米哲单14蛋白质含量和POSC随种植密度增加而上升,淀粉含量下降,而油分含量呈现降-升-升趋势。优质蛋白玉米中单9409随种植密度增加POSC和油分含量呈下降趋势,而蛋白质含量和淀粉含量变化较为复杂。以上表明,玉米子粒养分含量在不同种植密度时品种间具有很大的差异。     

优质青贮玉米新青1号的选育及其栽培技术

新青1号是新疆农科院粮作所培育的优质高产青贮玉米新品种.该品种一般生物产量67 500～82 500kg/hm².春播生育期110 d左右,复播生育期90～100d,适宜≥10℃有效积温2400℃·d以上地区种植.全株粗蛋白含量10.07%,粗脂肪3.02%,总糖11.65%,粗纤维8.38%,无氮浸出物32.42%,干物质含量49.94%.子粒容重828g/L,子粒粗蛋白13.19%,粗脂肪5.55%,赖氨酸含量0.34%.通过适时播种、合理密植、加强田间管理和适时收获即可获得高产     

河南省主要玉米品种的综合分析研究

采用多因素综合评判法,对当前河南省玉米生产上推广种植的主要品种及近几年新选育出的玉米新品种进行综合分析。结果表明:浚单20、新单23、洛玉1号、郑单18、郑单958、豫单2002等品种综合性状较好,适宜在本地大面积推广种植。     

不同类型青饲青贮玉米的比较研究

对7个分蘖、高油和高蛋白型青贮玉米特性和品质的比较。结果表明:独秆晚熟品种中北410、青试01和农大647适宜作为春季播种的青贮玉米,解决冬春季饲料不足;多蘖型的新育01和新育02适宜作为春夏季青饲玉米种植,供给夏秋季青饲料;独秆中熟的高蛋白玉米中原单32品质优,适宜作为在6月底到7月上中旬播种的青饲或青贮玉米种植;同时根据品种的生理特性研究栽培技术,指导各类型青贮玉米种植,满足不同青饲青贮需要。     

中国玉米种质资源品质性状的分析与评价

对1986～1989年及1991～1994年国家种质资源库的,由全国26个省、市(区)农业科研单位繁殖提供的7609份玉米种质资源的主要品质进行了分析鉴定。我国玉米种质资源的粗蛋白质平均含量为11.92%,粗脂肪平均含量为4.8%,总淀粉平均含量为68.31%。其中2 537份玉米种质资源赖氨酸平均含量为0.289%,1060份玉米种质资源的直链淀粉含量为28.67%。粗蛋白质含量>15%,粗脂肪含量>7%,总淀粉含量>74%,赖氨酸含量>0.4% ,直链淀粉含量<2%的优质玉米品种的总筛选率分别为0.91%、0.47%、0.15%、1.02%和5.94%。     

饲料用苎麻新品种中饲苎1号的选育研究

"中饲苎1号"是从"湘杂苎一号×园青5号S3"杂交后代中选择出的新品种.该品种生长旺盛,发蔸及再生能力强,前期生长快,适宜一年多次收割,年生物产量高,多点试验中干物质年产量比对照平均增产31.27%.营养品质高,粗蛋白含量为22.00%,粗纤维含量为16.74%,粗灰分含量15.44%,钙含量4.07%,粗脂肪含量2.28%,维生素B2含量(mg/kg)13.36,赖氨酸含量高达1.02%.因此,"中饲苎1号"是高产优质饲料用苎麻新品种.     

玉米热导二环系“87”组配强优势组合的研究

以热导二环系“87”作为亲本之一,与不同类群测验系杂交,所配组合均表现出较强的杂种优势,尤其豫单8703即综3×87-1优势最强。1993～1996年,在省内外区试、生产示范和多点试验中,豫单8703的产量连年排名第一。该组合表现高产、优质、抗病、持绿期长,是目前替换丹玉13的理想品种。研究结果表明,利用热导二环系组配强优势组合是利用热带资源快出品种的有效途径。     

中国玉米杂交种蛋白质、赖氨酸、脂肪含量及其相互关系的研究

根据对我国229份玉米杂交种的分析资料,研究了蛋白质、赖氨酸、脂肪含量的品种间差异和地区间差异;同时对三者之间的关系进行了分析;并对它们与植株主要农艺性状的关系进行了探讨。     

The effect of ecological conditions on yield and quality traits of selected peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) clones

The commercial production of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) depends on the genetic structure and ecological conditions affecting yield and oil composition. To determine yield and quality characters of two peppermint clones (Clone-3 and Clone-8), field experiments were carried out at four different locations (Ayd?n, Bursa, Izmir and Tokat) in Turkey during 2007 and 2008. Locations with warmer climate gave higher fresh herbage yield (Ayd?n and Izmir 37.0 t/ha and 36.8 t/ha, respectively). Although vigor canopy caused maximum fresh herbage yield, it decreased dried leaf yield due to the defoliation of leaves near to the ground. The main components menthol and menthone showed significant variation with different ecologies. Menthol contents were higher in temperate locations (Bursa and Tokat), while menthone contents were lower. The differences in oil composition of Clone-3 were lower than that of Clone-8 according to different climates, thus Clone-3 can be grown widely in various ecological conditions for oil productions as compared to the Clone-8. It was also concluded that temperate location was more suitable for peppermint oil production with high menthol contents.     

异地种植对微胚乳玉米百粒重和含油率的效应研究

在广西南宁和山西平遥两个试点分别种植16个微胚乳玉米杂交组合和一个群体,测定百粒重和子粒含油率,并估算广义遗传率。结果表明,16个供试杂交组合的百粒重在不同地点间、不同组合间及组合×地点间差异都达到极显著水平,广西南宁各组合的百粒重均高于山西平遥,平均高出1.12g;供试群体在山西平遥的百粒重极显著高于广西南宁,约高出0.62g。16个供试杂交组合在两个地点子粒含油率的差异达到了极显著水平,山西平遥试点的含油率极显著高于广西南宁,平均高出0.62%,基因型间含油率的差异达到极显著水平,且基因型间的差异大于地点间的差异;供试群体在山西平遥的含油率也极显著高于广西南宁,平均含油率高出3.2个百分点。百粒重在两地的广义遗传率相差较大,含油率的广义遗传率在两地都比较高。由遗传进度分析可知,百粒重和含油率都是单点选择的效果优于两地联合选择。     

Genetic analysis of important antioxidant compounds in cabbage (Brassiaca oleracea var. capitata L.)

The paucity of research on development of antioxidant-rich hybrids in cabbage by utilizing combining ability estimates, gene action, and heterosis motivated us to undertake this study. We made 60 crosses between 5 cytoplasmic male-sterile lines and 12 male-fertile testers during the summer of 2015, as per the line × tester design. The seedlings of all the parents and 60 F₁ crosses, along with three checks, were transplanted during the Rabi (winter) season of 2015–2016 and evaluated using a randomized complete-block design. Combining ability, gene action, and heterosis were determined for different antioxidant compounds. Experimental results revealed that the range of cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) [parents = 1.26–7.33 and hybrids = 0.04–6.54 μmol trolox/g], ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) [parents = 1.65–4.76 and hybrids = 0.16–4.67 μmol trolox/g], β-carotene (parents = 0.44–2.29 and hybrids = 0.04–1.89 μg/100 g), and chlorophyll-a (parents = 0.71–4.08 and hybrids = 0.19–3.08 mg/g f.w.) for hybrids was lower than that of the parents because of outbreeding depression. The parental lines 6A, 208A, 83-5-8, and Sel-5-83-6 were found to be good general combiners for most of the antioxidant compounds studied. Based on the mean performance, specific combining ability effects and heterosis, five hybrid combinations viz., 9A × KIRC-8 for CUPRAC and FRAP; 208A × C-122 for ascorbic acid; 6A × Chhaki-2 for total carotenoids and β-carotene; 831A × Chhaki-2 for chlorophyll-a; and 6A × 83-5-8 for chlorophyll-b and total chlorophyll content, were most promising. The ratio of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) variances, i.e., [2 σ²g/(2σ²g + σ²s)], which reflects the relative importance of GCA versus SCA, was less than unity for different antioxidant compounds, which implied that for these traits, nonadditive gene effects were more important than additive effects. The numerical values of range for contribution of lines × testers interaction for different traits (41.47–70.18%) were found to be higher than the individual contribution of lines (11.24–47.22%) and testers (8.31–21.76%). Hence, heterosis could be exploited for developing antioxidant-rich hybrid cabbage.     

马铃薯近缘栽培种间杂种育种价值的研究

本文对普通栽培种(Solanum Tuberosurm)×新型栽培种(S.Neotuberosum)(T×A)和普通栽培种×2倍体杂种(普通栽培种的双单倍体×S.phureja)(T×2n杂种)两种类型组合后代的主要经济性状,如茎色、株高、单株重、商品薯率、淀粉含量及产量等性状的分离幅度和杂种优势表现进行了比较研究。结果表明,在杂种后代诸性状的表现上,T×2n杂种类型的后代表现分离幅度小,杂种优势强。但由于2倍体杂种自身经济性状不好,使T×2n杂种类型子代的绝对产量低于T×A类型。因此,在现阶段,在育种和实生种子利用上,利用T×A类型的组合更有实际意义。     

浚单系列玉米品种对弱光胁迫的响应

从拔节期到吐丝期进行50%遮荫处理,研究玉米品种浚单18、浚单20和浚单22对弱光胁迫的响应。结果表明,遮光处理使3个品种的植株矮化变细,叶片净光合速率、比叶重、地上干物质积累及吐丝期和成熟期叶面积指数均显著减少,中上部叶片功能期缩短1～3d,雌雄间隔期延长1～2 d;遮光处理还造成果穗缩短变细,穗粒数和子粒产量显著减少;遮光显著提高子粒中蛋白质的相对含量,赖氨酸相对含量也有所增加,而淀粉和油分相对含量则减少,但与对照相比,差异均不显著。综合性状表明,浚单20的耐荫性优于浚单22和浚单18。     

Changes in chemical and physical quality parameters of maize grain during three decades of yield improvement

Concern exists that the grain quality of maize (Zea mays L.) may decline due to breeding for increased yield. This study quantified chemical- and physical-quality parameters of maize grain for hybrids representing three decades of grain yield improvement in Ontario, Canada. Six hybrids that were commercially important in Ontario from 1959 to 1988 were grown at two locations in southern Ontario during 1986 and 1987 at two plant densities. Grain contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, lysine, tryptophan, and lipid were evaluated as chemical-quality parameters. Test weight, kernel density and weight, kernels exhibiting stress cracks, and breakage susceptibility were examined as indications of physical quality. Concentrations of Mg, Cu, Mn, and Se were greater in kernels of old hybrids than in more recent ones. Nitrogen concentration was greater in grain of recent hybrids and levels of N, P, and Mn all were lesser at high than at low plant density. Concentrations of lysine and tryptophan did not differ among hybrids. Differences in nutrient concentration were often greater among hybrids within an era than among means for eras of hybrid release. Among physical-quality traits, test weight, kernel density and kernel weight increased with more recent hybrids. These parameters were also higher with the lower plant density. Breakage susceptibility of kernels, although not affected by era of hybrid release, was less at low plant density.     

玉米主要品质性状的配合力分析

采用不完全双列杂交法，对普通玉米4个品质性状(淀粉、油分、蛋白质、赖氨酸含量)的GCA和SCA及其相关进行了分析。同一品质性状不同亲本的GCA差异较大，同一自交系不同品质性状的GCA也有差异，同一品质性状因组合不同而SCA也不一样。亲本自交系的GCA和SCA对杂种的品质性状有重要作用，二者不能相互代替。     

生态环境与种植密度对河南省夏玉米产量的影响

以郑单958、郑单528、伟科702和中单909为材料,在河南省北部、东部和南部3个生态区的6个试验点进行玉米产量及适宜密度范围差异研究。结果表明,生态环境对玉米产量及适宜密度的影响大于品种类型。4个玉米品种的产量为伟科702中单909郑单528郑单958,其中,中单909的地点间变异系数最小,产量稳定性较好。4个品种玉米产量在3个生态区的6个试验点间的差异都达到了显著水平,总体表现为豫北豫南豫东。4个品种在豫北试验点的适宜密度差异较大;在豫东和豫南试验点的适宜密度差异较小。3个生态区的6个试验点的土壤速效磷和速效钾、生育期光照和降水量不同是产量及适宜密度差异的主要原因。